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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Highly Efficient Genome Editing Using Geminivirus-Based CRISPR/Cas9 System in Cotton Plant
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 2902-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 2902-
    Abstract: Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), an allotetraploid, contains At- and Dt- subgenome and most genes have multiple homologous copies, which pose a huge challenge to investigate genes’ function due to the functional redundancy. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish effective techniques for the functional genomics in cotton. In this study, we tested two novel genome editing vectors and compared them with the CRISPR/Cas9 system (pRGEB32-GhU6.7) developed in our laboratory previously. In the first new vector, the sgRNA transcription unite was constructed into the replicon (LIR-Donor-SIR-Rep-LIR) of the bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) and named as pBeYDV-Cas9-KO and in the second vector, the ubiquitin promoter that drives Cas9 protein was replaced with a constitutive CaMV 35S promoter and defined as pRGEB32-35S. The results from transgenic cotton calli/plants revealed that pBeYDV-Cas9-KO vector showed the highest editing efficiency of GhCLA1 in At and Dt subgenomes edited simultaneously up to 73.3% compared to the 44.6% of pRGEB32-GhU6.7 and 51.2% of pRGEB32-35S. The editing efficiency of GhCLA1 in At and Dt subgenome by pBeYDV-Cas9-KO was 85.7% and 97.2%, respectively, whereas the efficiency by pRGEB32-GhU6.7 and pRGEB32-35S vectors was 67.7%, 86.5%, 84%, and 87.2%, respectively. The editing profile of pBeYDV-Cas9-KO was mainly composed of fragment deletion, accounting for 84.0% and ranging 1–10 bp in length. The main editing sites are located at positions 11–17 upstream of PAM site. The off-target effects were not detected in all potential off-target sites. Taken together, the pBeYDV-Cas9-KO system has high editing efficiency and specificity with wide editing range than the traditional CRISPR/Cas9 system, which provides a powerful tool for cotton functional genomics research and molecular breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11182902
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 2
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    miR-541-3p Promoted Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (PRRSV-2) Replication by Targeting Interferon Regulatory Factor 7
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-01-11), p. 126-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-01-11), p. 126-
    Abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), which seriously harms the pig industry. Revealing the mechanism by which PRRSV inhibits immune response will help prevent and control PRRS. Here, we found that PRRSV-2 may hijack host miR-541-3p to inhibit host innate immune response. Firstly, this work showed that miR-541-3p mimics could facilitate the replication of PRRSV-2 and the results of the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that PRRSV-2 could up-regulate the expression of miR-541-3p in MARC-145 cells. Since previous studies have shown that type I interferon could effectively inhibit the replication of PRRSV-2, the present work explored whether miR-541-3p regulated the expression of type I interferon and found that miR-541-3p could negatively regulate the transcription of type I interferon by targeting interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). More importantly, PRRSV-2 infection could down-regulate the expression of IRF7 and over-expression of IRF7 could down-regulate the replication of PRRSV-2 in MARC-145 cells. In conclusion, PRRSV-2 infection up-regulated the expression of miR-541-3p to promote its replication in MARC-145 cells, since miR-541-3p can negatively regulate the transcription of type I interferon by targeting IRF7.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14010126
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Errors in the Calculation of 27Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2012-11-21), p. 15420-15446
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2012-11-21), p. 15420-15446
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms131115420
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Hg0 Removal by a Palygorskite and Fly Ash Supported MnO2-CeO2 Catalyst at Low Temperature
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-16), p. 662-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-16), p. 662-
    Abstract: MnO2-CeO2/PG-FA catalysts were prepared by supporting MnO2-CeO2 to PG-FA and used to remove Hg0 in simulated flue gas. The results show that MnO2-CeO2/PG-FA catalyst had excellent and stable Hg0 removal activity, which was mainly due to the combination effect of the catalytic oxidation activity by MnO2-CeO2 and the adsorption ability by PG-FA. Mn8-Ce0.5/PG-FA (with 8.0% MnO2 and 0.5% CeO2 loading) catalyst showed the highest Hg0 removal efficiency at 140 °C and Hg0 removal efficiency could be maintained above 95% with the space velocity of 6000 h−1 and Hg0 concentration of 160 μg/m3. O2 promoted Hg0 removal by MnO2-CeO2/PG-FA catalyst, while SO2 and H2O had inhibitory effects. In the presence of O2, the inhibitory effect of SO2 and H2O can be obviously weakened. MnO2-CeO2/PG-FA catalysts were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed desorption experiments (TPD). The results of SEM and XRD showed that the active components MnO2-CeO2 dispersed well on the surface of PG-FA support. The results of XPS and TPD show that the Hg0 removal process over MnO2-CeO2/PG-FA catalyst included adsorption and oxidation, HgO and HgSO4 were generated and adsorbed on the catalyst. MnO2-CeO2/PG-FA catalyst also showed excellent regeneration performance after Hg0 removal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal12060662
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Quantitative Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Salinization Risk Using GIS-Based Geostatistical Method
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2020-07-27), p. 2405-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2020-07-27), p. 2405-
    Abstract: Soil salinization is one of the environmental threats affecting the sustainable development of arid oases in the northwest of China. Thus, it is necessary to assess the risk of soil salinity and analyze spatial and temporal changes. The objective of this paper is to develop a temporal and spatial soil salinity risk assessment method based on an integrated scoring method by combining the advantages of remote sensing and GIS technology. Based on correlation coefficient analysis to determine the weights of risk evaluation factors, a comprehensive scoring system for the risk of salinity in the dry and wet seasons was constructed for the Ebinur Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve (ELWNNR), and the risk of spatial variation of soil salinity in the study area was analyzed in the dry and wet seasons. The results show the following: (1) The risk of soil salinity during the wet season is mainly influenced by the plant senescence reflectance index (PSRI), deep soil water content (D_wat), and the effect of shallow soil salinity (SH_sal). The risk of soil salinity during the dry season is mainly influenced by shallow soil salinity (SH_sal), land use and land cover change (LUCC), and deep soil moisture content (D_wat). (2) The wet season was found to have a high risk of salinization, which is mainly characterized by moderate, high, and very high risks. However, in the dry season, the risk of salinity is mainly characterized by low and moderate risk of salinity. (3) In the ELWNNR, as the wet season changes to dry season (from May to August), moderate-risk area in the wet season easily shifts to low risk and risk-free, and the area of high risk in the wet season easily shifts to moderate risk. In general, the overall change in salinity risk of the ELWNNR showed a significant relationship with changes in lake water volume, indicating that changes in water volume play an important role in the risk of soil salinity occurrence. Ideally, the quantitative analysis of salinity risk proposed in this study, which takes into account temporal and spatial variations, can help decision makers to propose more targeted soil management options.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12152405
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Parallel Dynamic Analysis of a Large-Scale Water Conveyance Tunnel under Seismic Excitation Using ALE Finite-Element Method
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2016-01-28), p. 36-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2016-01-28), p. 36-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app6020036
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 7
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    Genome-Wide Analysis of Cotton miRNAs During Whitefly Infestation Offers New Insights into Plant-Herbivore Interaction
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 21 ( 2019-10-28), p. 5357-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 21 ( 2019-10-28), p. 5357-
    Abstract: Although the regulatory function of miRNAs and their targets have been characterized in model plants, a possible underlying role in the cotton response to herbivore infestation has not been determined. To investigate this, we performed small RNA and degradome sequencing between resistant and susceptible cotton cultivar following infestation with the generalist herbivore whitefly. In total, the 260 miRNA families and 241 targets were identified. Quantitative-PCR analysis revealed that several miRNAs and their corresponding targets exhibited dynamic spatio-temporal expression patterns. Moreover, 17 miRNA precursors were generated from 29 long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. The genome-wide analysis also led to the identification of 85 phased small interfering RNA (phasiRNA) loci. Among these, nine PHAS genes were triggered by miR167, miR390, miR482a, and two novel miRNAs, including those encoding a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) disease resistance protein, an auxin response factor (ARF) and MYB transcription factors. Through combined modeling and experimental data, we explored and expanded the miR390-tasiARF cascade during the cotton response to whitefly. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of ARF8 from miR390 target in whitefly-resistant cotton plants increased auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation, resulting in increased tolerance to whitefly infestation. These results highlight the provides a useful transcriptomic resource for plant-herbivore interaction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215357
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Exploratory Quality Control Study for Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Using Dinuclear Anthraquinones with Potential Hepatotoxicity
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 19 ( 2022-10-10), p. 6760-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 19 ( 2022-10-10), p. 6760-
    Abstract: In recent years, the hepatotoxicity of Polygoni Multiflora Radix (PMR) has attracted increased research interest. Some studies suggest that anthraquinone may be the main hepatotoxic component. Most of the relevant studies have focused on the mononuclear anthraquinone component rather than binuclear anthraquinones. The hepatotoxicity of dinuclear anthraquinone (dianthrone) was investigated in a cell-based model. Next, a method for the determination of six free and total dianthonones in PMR and PMR Praeparata (PMRP) was established using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS), which was then used to analyze the collected samples. The data show that four binuclear anthraquinone compounds were hepatotoxic and may be potential toxicity indicators for the safety evaluation of PMR and PMRP. Herein, we provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of PMRP quality standards.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196760
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
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    Agent-Based Energy Sharing Mechanism Using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2020-09-24), p. 5027-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2020-09-24), p. 5027-
    Abstract: Balancing energy generation and consumption is essential for smoothing the power grids. The mismatch between energy supply and demand would not only increase the cost on both sides, but also has a great impact on the stability of the system. This paper proposes a novel energy sharing mechanism (ESM) to facilitate the consumption of local energy. With the help of the ESM, multiple prosumers have an opportunity to share surplus energy with neighboring prosumers. The problem is formulated as a leader–follower framework based on the Stackelberg game theory. To address the aforementioned problems, a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) is applied to solve the Nash equilibrium (NE). The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is more stable than the conventional reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. Moreover, the proposed method can converge to NE and find a relatively good energy sharing (ES) pricing strategy without knowing the specific system information. In short, it is notable that the proposed ESM can be seen as a win–win strategy for both prosumers and the power system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13195027
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 10
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    Prediction of Failure Modes and Minimum Characteristic Value of Transverse Reinforcement of RC Beams Based on Interpretable Machine Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Buildings Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-09), p. 469-
    Details
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-09), p. 469-
    Abstract: Shear failure of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is a form of brittle failure and has always been a concern. This study adopted the interpretable machine-learning technique to predict failure modes and identify the boundary value between different failure modes to avoid diagonal splitting failure. An experimental database consisting of 295 RC beams with or without transverse reinforcements was established. Two features were constructed to reflect the design characteristics of RC beams, namely, the shear–span ratio and the characteristic value of transverse reinforcement. The characteristic value of transverse reinforcement has two forms: (i) λsv,ft=ρstpfsv/ft, from the China design code of GB 50010-2010; and (ii) λsv,fc′=ρstpfsv/fc′0.5, from the America design code of ACI 318-19 and Canada design code of CSA A23.3-14. Six machine-learning models were developed to predict failure modes, and gradient boosting decision tree and extreme gradient boosting are recommended after comparing the prediction performance. Then, shapley additive explanations (SHAP) indicates that the characteristic value of transverse reinforcement has the most significant effect on failure mode, follow by the shear–span ratio. The characteristic value of transverse reinforcement is selected as the form of boundary value. On this basis, an accumulated local effects (ALE) plot describes how this feature affects model prediction and gives the boundary value through numerical simulation, that is, the minimum characteristic value of transverse reinforcement. Compared with the three codes, the suggested value for λsv,fc′,min has higher reliability and security for avoiding diagonal splitting failure. Accordingly, the research approach in this case is feasible and effective, and can be recommended to solve similar tasks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/buildings13020469
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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