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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bovine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Are More Resistant to Apoptosis than Testicular Cells in Response to Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2014-03-20), p. 5011-5031
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2014-03-20), p. 5011-5031
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms15035011
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    The Disproportionate Increase of the Intraoperative Flexion and Extension Gap Space after Posterior Cruciate Ligament Resection in Total Knee Arthroplasty
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 18 ( 2021-09-17), p. 4228-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 18 ( 2021-09-17), p. 4228-
    Abstract: Purpose: Maintaining gap balance is critical for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to elucidate if the extension–flexion gaps would be changed with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) intact (PI) and PCL resection (PR) during TKA. The flexion gaps were measured using two methods, open-(Fo) and closed-chain position (Fc), based on the definition of kinetic chain position, respectively. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled a total of 33 patients who underwent posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA for symptomatic advanced osteoarthritis of knees. After bone cuts were completed, the extension–flexion gaps before and after PCL resection during TKA were measured using a calibrated tensioning device set at a 100 Nm distraction force. To further differentiate the effect of thigh weight on the 90° flexion gap, two varied methods of examination, either in closed chain (Fc) or open chain (Fo) were performed. Results: The increases in the 90° knee flexion gap after PCL resection were measured by both methods, i.e., ΔFc (PR-Fc—PI-Fc): 2.04 ± 2.06 mm, p 〈 0.001; and mean ΔFo (PR-Fo—PI-Fo): 1.64 ± 1.36 mm, p 〈 0.001. However, there were no differences between ΔFc and ΔFo before and after PCL resection. A greater amount of flexion gap was identified in open chain than in closed chain after PCL resection, and the PR-Fo and PR-Fc were 14.36 ± 3.13 and 11.40 ± 3.47 (p 〈 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The resection of PCL during TKA distinctly increased the flexion gap, but not the extension gap. This disproportionate increase of the gap will cause a gap balance mismatch. The tensioning maneuver in open-chain was more effective to detect the gap differences than in closed-chain before and after PCL resection during TKA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184228
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Novel Radiographic Measurements for Operatively Treated Haglund’s Deformity
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Tomography Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-02-01), p. 284-292
    Details
    In: Tomography, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-02-01), p. 284-292
    Abstract: Background: Haglund’s deformity, which is characterized by a bony prominence of the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus, causes posterior heel pain. To date, there is no standard radiographic parameter to diagnose symptomatic Haglund’s deformity. Herein, we proposed novel radiographic measurements to distinguish between patients with and without symptomatic Haglund’s deformity. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated ankle radiographs of 43 patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic Haglund’s deformity (Haglund group) and 41 healthy individuals (control group) free of heel complaints. Fowler–Phillip angle (FPA), Heneghan–Pavlov parallel pitch lines (PPL), Haglund’s deformity height, bump height, and bump-calcaneus ratio were measured and compared between the groups. Furthermore, the reliability and cut-off value of each parameter were validated via ICC and ROC curve analysis, respectively. Results: The bump height (p 〈 0.001) and the bump-calcaneus ratio (p 〈 0.001) showed significant differences between the control and Haglund groups, unlike FPA, PPL, and Haglund’s deformity height. ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC of bump-calcaneus ratio was larger than that of bump height. The optimal threshold was 4 mm or higher for bump height and 7.5% or higher for bump-calcaneus ratio. The intra- and inter- observer ICCs were, respectively, 0.965 and 0.898 for bump height and 0.930 and 0.889 for bump-calcaneus ratio. Conclusions: This study proposes two novel radiographic parameters to identify operatively treated Haglund’s deformity, namely bump height and bump-calcaneus ratio. They are easy to measure and intuitive. Both of them are effective diagnostic parameters for Haglund’s deformity. Furthermore, bump-calcaneus ratio is more reliable diagnostic parameter than bump height.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2379-139X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/tomography8010023
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2857000-5
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Poor Correction Capacity of Preexisting Ankle Valgus Deformity after Total Knee Arthroplasty
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 16 ( 2021-08-17), p. 3624-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 16 ( 2021-08-17), p. 3624-
    Abstract: This study investigated the differences in ankle alignment changes after TKA in patients with varying preexisting ankle deformities. We retrospectively examined 90 knees with osteoarthritis and varus deformity in 78 patients who underwent TKA. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters were analyzed. According to their preexisting ankle deformity, patients were assigned to the valgus or varus group. Overall, 14 (15.6%) cases were of preoperative valgus ankle deformity; the remainder were of preoperative varus ankle deformity. Hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), tibial plafond–ground angle (PGA), and talus–ground angle (TGA) all exhibited significant correction in both groups; however, tibial plafond–talus angle (PTA) and superior space of ankle joint (SS) only changed in the varus group. The median PTA and SS significantly decreased from 1.2° to 0.3° (p 〈 0.001) and increased from 2.5 to 2.6 mm (p = 0.013), respectively. Notably, ∆PTA positively correlated with ∆HKA in the varus group (r = 0.247, p = 0.032) but not in the valgus group. Between-group differences in postoperative PTA (p 〈 0.001) and ∆PTA (p 〈 0.001) were significant. The degree of ankle alignment correction after TKA differed between patients with preexisting varus and valgus ankle deformities. TKA could not effectively correct the preexisting ankle valgus malalignment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163624
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comprehending the Causes of Presence of Copper and Common Heavy Metals in Sediments of Irrigation Canals in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Minerals Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-14), p. 416-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-14), p. 416-
    Abstract: In 2019, Taiwan completed its first thorough heavy metal investigation of irrigation canal sediments by this study with the support of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Box-and-whisker plots were used to analyze the sediment distribution and to define metal concentrations. Possible metal pollution sources, the polluted agricultural land, irrigation area, and water sources were also evaluated using spatial analysis to understand the possible causes of sediment pollution. Results showed that the main heavy metal in agricultural land was Cu, found in 77% of contaminated agricultural land sites. Most sites with Cu pollution in sediments were in Taoyuan City and Changhua County. The heavy metals present in the sediment pollution sites in Taoyuan were consistent with those of possible pollution sources upstream, namely, Cr, Cu, and Pb. The main heavy metals in sediment pollution sites in Changhua were Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, whereas those for the polluted agricultural land sites were Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, without Pb. The main irrigation water sources in Changhua include drainages and rivers, with some receiving most wastewater pollution mass of release of Changhua, and functions as an irrigation water source with a high release mass in Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. These findings indicate that the sites of sediment pollution, sites of polluted agricultural land, and the sources of pollution share corresponding heavy metal characteristics. Therefore, in Changhua, the sediments were polluted mainly because (1) the irrigation canals received the highest masses of pollutant releases into drainage wastewater of the county; and (2) the return flow from irrigation and the illegal discharge of wastewater. The preliminary assessment results for sediment pollution in Taoyuan also suggest that the main causes may be irrigation by polluted rivers or drainages and return flows.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min11040416
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficient Prodrug Activator Gene Therapy by Retroviral Replicating Vectors Prolongs Survival in an Immune-Competent Intracerebral Glioma Model
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2020-02-20), p. 1433-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2020-02-20), p. 1433-
    Abstract: Prodrug activator gene therapy mediated by murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based retroviral replicating vectors (RRV) was previously shown to be highly effective in killing glioma cells both in culture and in vivo. To avoid receptor interference and enable dual vector co-infection with MLV-RRV, we have developed another RRV based on gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) that also shows robust replicative spread in a wide variety of tumor cells. We evaluated the potential of GALV-based RRV as a cancer therapeutic agent by incorporating yeast cytosine deaminase (CD) and E. coli nitroreductase (NTR) prodrug activator genes into the vector. The expression of CD and NTR genes from GALV-RRV achieved highly efficient delivery of these prodrug activator genes to RG-2 glioma cells, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity after administering their respective prodrugs 5-fluorocytosine and CB1954 in vitro. In an immune-competent intracerebral RG-2 glioma model, GALV-mediated CD and NTR gene therapy both significantly suppressed tumor growth with CB1954 administration after a single injection of vector supernatant. However, NTR showed greater potency than CD, with control animals receiving GALV-NTR vector alone (i.e., without CB1954 prodrug) showing extensive tumor growth with a median survival time of 17.5 days, while animals receiving GALV-NTR and CB1954 showed significantly prolonged survival with a median survival time of 30 days. In conclusion, GALV-RRV enabled high-efficiency gene transfer and persistent expression of NTR, resulting in efficient cell killing, suppression of tumor growth, and prolonged survival upon CB1954 administration. This validates the use of therapeutic strategies employing this prodrug activator gene to arm GALV-RRV, and opens the door to the possibility of future combination gene therapy with CD-armed MLV-RRV, as the latter vector is currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041433
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Thick-Film Carbon Dioxide Sensor via Anodic Adsorbate Stripping Technique and Its Structural Dependence
    MDPI AG ; 2009
    In:  Sensors Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2009-09-09), p. 7203-7216
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2009-09-09), p. 7203-7216
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s90907203
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Detection of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance
    MDPI AG ; 2010
    In:  Sensors Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2010-12-20), p. 11633-11643
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2010-12-20), p. 11633-11643
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s101211633
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of Thermally Synthesized V2O5 and Al-Doped V2O5 Nanostructures
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-01-13), p. 359-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-01-13), p. 359-
    Abstract: Al-free and Al-doped V2O5 nanostructures were synthesized by a thermal-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process on Si(100) at 850 °C under 1.2 × 10−1 Torr via a vapor-solid (V-S) mechanism. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed a typical orthorhombic V2O5 with the growth direction along [110]-direction of both nanostructures. Metallic Al, rather than Al3+-ion, was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), affected the V2O5 crystallinity. The photoluminescence intensity of V2O5 nanostructure at 1.77 and 1.94 eV decreased with the increasing Al-dopant by about 61.6% and 59.9%, attributing to the metallic Al intercalated between the V2O5-layers and/or filled in the oxygen vacancies, which behaved as electron sinks. Thus the Al-doped V2O5 nanostructure shows the potential applications in smart windows and the electrodic material in a Li-ion battery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14020359
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 10
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    Photosensing and Characterizing of the Pristine and In-, Sn-Doped Bi2Se3 Nanoplatelets Fabricated by Thermal V–S Process
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-20), p. 1352-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-20), p. 1352-
    Abstract: Pristine, and In-, Sn-, and (In, Sn)-doped Bi2Se3 nanoplatelets synthesized on Al2O3(100) substrate by a vapor–solid mechanism in thermal CVD process via at 600 °C under 2 × 10−2 Torr. XRD and HRTEM reveal that In or Sn dopants had no effect on the crystal structure of the synthesized rhombohedral-Bi2Se3. FPA–FTIR reveals that the optical bandgap of doped Bi2Se3 was 26.3%, 34.1%, and 43.7% lower than pristine Bi2Se3. XRD, FESEM–EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS confirm defects (In3+Bi3+), (In3+V0), (Sn4+Bi3+), (V0Bi3+), and (Sn2+Bi3+). Photocurrent that was generated in (In,Sn)-doped Bi2Se3 under UV(8 W) and red (5 W) light revealed stable photocurrents of 5.20 × 10−10 and 0.35 × 10−10 A and high Iphoto/Idark ratios of 30.7 and 52.2. The rise and fall times of the photocurrent under UV light were 4.1 × 10−2 and 6.6 × 10−2 s. Under UV light, (In,Sn)-dopedBi2Se3 had 15.3% longer photocurrent decay time and 22.6% shorter rise time than pristine Bi2Se3, indicating that (In,Sn)-doped Bi2Se3 exhibited good surface conduction and greater photosensitivity. These results suggest that In, Sn, or both dopants enhance photodetection of pristine Bi2Se3 under UV and red light. The findings also suggest that type of defect is a more important factor than optical bandgap in determining photo-detection sensitivity. (In,Sn)-doped Bi2Se3 has greater potential than undoped Bi2Se3 for use in UV and red-light photodetectors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11051352
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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