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  • MDPI AG  (31)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Silent Exonic Mutation in a Rice Integrin-α FG-GAP Repeat-Containing Gene Causes Male-Sterility by Affecting mRNA Splicing
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2020-03-16), p. 2018-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2020-03-16), p. 2018-
    Abstract: Pollen development plays crucial roles in the life cycle of higher plants. Here we characterized a rice mutant with complete male-sterile phenotype, pollen-less 1 (pl1). pl1 exhibited smaller anthers with arrested pollen development, absent Ubisch bodies, necrosis-like tapetal hypertrophy, and smooth anther cuticular surface. Molecular mapping revealed a synonymous mutation in the fourth exon of PL1 co-segregated with the mutant phenotype. This mutation disrupts the exon-intron splice junction in PL1, generating aberrant mRNA species and truncated proteins. PL1 is highly expressed in the tapetal cells of developing anther, and its protein is co-localized with plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal. PL1 encodes an integrin-α FG-GAP repeat-containing protein, which has seven β-sheets and putative Ca2+-binding motifs and is broadly conserved in terrestrial plants. Our findings therefore provide insights into both the role of integrin-α FG-GAP repeat-containing protein in rice male fertility and the influence of exonic mutation on intronic splice donor site selection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062018
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Self-Organizing Map Network-Based Soil and Water Conservation Partitioning for Small Watersheds: Case Study Conducted in Xiaoyang Watershed, China
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2020-03-09), p. 2126-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2020-03-09), p. 2126-
    Abstract: Soil and water conservation partitioning (SWCP) considers complex environmental statutes and development demands and serves as a scientific basis for conducting soil erosion management and practice. However, few studies have researched partitioning in small watersheds ( 〈 50 km2), and guidelines for enabling region-specific measures are lacking. In this study, the Xiaoyang watershed located in the red soil region of southern China was selected as a representative small watershed in which to conduct partitioning. The pressure–state–response (PSR) model was used as a framework for establishing an indicator system that included soil erosion sensitivity, the soil erosion condition, and ecosystem services. With three soil and water conservation variables as the input layer, a one-dimensional self-organizing map was applied to identify clusters in the small watershed. The silhouette width was evaluated to determine the optimal number of regions. Based on the associated results, the Xiaoyang watershed was divided into five regions accounting for 82%, 9%, 8%, 2%, and 1% of the total area, respectively. This study provides a framework on which region-specific soil erosion measures can be planned, and it also provides a partitioning method that can be employed in other areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12052126
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
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    A HMM-R Approach to Detect L-DDoS Attack Adaptively on SDN Controller
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Future Internet Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-08-23), p. 83-
    Details
    In: Future Internet, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-08-23), p. 83-
    Abstract: A data center network is vulnerable to suffer from concealed low-rate distributed denial of service (L-DDoS) attacks because its data flow has the characteristics of data flow delay, diversity, and synchronization. Several studies have proposed addressing the detection of L-DDoS attacks, most of them are only detect L-DDoS attacks at a fixed rate. These methods cause low true positive and high false positive in detecting multi-rate L-DDoS attacks. Software defined network (SDN) is a new network architecture that can centrally control the network. We use an SDN controller to collect and analyze data packets entering the data center network and calculate the Renyi entropies base on IP of data packets, and then combine them with the hidden Markov model to get a probability model HMM-R to detect L-DDoS attacks at different rates. Compared with the four common attack detection algorithms (KNN, SVM, SOM, BP), HMM-R is superior to them in terms of the true positive rate, the false positive rate, and the adaptivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-5903
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fi10090083
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518385-0
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  • 4
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    The Enzyme Lysine Malonylation of Calvin Cycle and Gluconeogenesis Regulated Glycometabolism in Nostoc flagelliforme to Adapt to Drought Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2023-05-08), p. 8446-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2023-05-08), p. 8446-
    Abstract: Lysine malonylation (Kmal) is an evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification (PTM) that has been demonstrated to be involved in cellular and organismal metabolism. However, the role that Kmal plays in response to drought stress of the terrestrial cyanobacteria N. flagelliforme is still unknown. In this study, we performed the first proteomic analysis of Kmal in N. flagelliforme under different drought stresses using LC-MS/MS. In total, 421 malonylated lysine residues were found in 236 different proteins. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these malonylated proteins were highly enriched in several metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism and photosynthesis. Decreased malonylation levels were found to hinder the reception and transmission of light energy and CO2 fixation, which led to a decrease in photosynthetic activity. Kmal was also shown to inhibit the flux of the TCA cycle and activate the gluconeogenesis pathway in response to drought stress. Furthermore, malonylated antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants were synergistically involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Malonylation was involved in lipid degradation and amino acid biosynthesis as part of drought stress adaptation. This work represents the first comprehensive investigation of the role of malonylation in dehydrated N. flagelliforme, providing an important resource for understanding the drought tolerance mechanism of this organism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098446
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    CFD Investigation on the Performance of Cyclone Separators with Divergent or Convergent Insertion Pipes
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-07-10), p. 2061-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-07-10), p. 2061-
    Abstract: For multi-phase separation, developing high-performance cyclone separators is highly demanded. In this study, different divergent or convergent insertion pipes bFelow the vortex finder are employed to improve the separation performance. The impacts of insertion pipe geometrical configurations on the flow characteristics, pressure drop, and separation efficiency are systematically analyzed. The results reveal that the employed insertion pipe can significantly affect the static pressure distribution inside the cyclone. A longer insertion pipe length and larger tilt angle result in a wider central low-pressure area and smaller overall static pressure. The divergent insertion pipes increase pressure loss, while the convergent insertion pipes augment pressure loss. A larger insertion pipe length significantly impacts the axial velocity distribution. For divergent insertion pipes, the maximum central axial velocity increases with increasing tilt angles and then decreases. For small particles (dp ≤ 5 μm), a convergent insertion pipe exhibits a better separation performance. When the particle diameter dp ≥ 5 μm, divergent insertion pipes with larger angles and lengths can significantly decrease the pressure drop while guaranteeing satisfied collection efficiency. When L = 75 mm and θ = 60°, the pressure drop is reduced by 7.8%. This study may contribute to rationally designing high performance cyclone separators and also paves ways for improving the existing cyclone separators.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11072061
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 6
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    Effect of Drought Stress on Degradation and Remodeling of Membrane Lipids in Nostoc flagelliforme
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-06-18), p. 1798-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-06-18), p. 1798-
    Abstract: Nostoc flagelliforme is a kind of terrestrial edible cyanobacteria with important ecological and economic value which has developed special mechanisms to adapt to drought conditions. However, the specific mechanism of lipidome changes in drought tolerance of N. flagelliforme has not been well understood. In this study, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were employed to analyze the lipidome changes of N. flagelliforme under dehydration. A total of 853 lipid molecules were identified, of which 171 were significantly different from that of the control group. The digalactosyldiacylglycerol/monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG/MGDG) ratio was increased. The amount of wax ester (WE) was sharply decreased during drought stress, while Co (Q10) was accumulated. The levels of odd chain fatty acids (OCFAs) were increased under dehydration, positively responding to drought stress according to the energy metabolism state. In conclusion, the lipidomic data corroborated that oxidation, degradation, and biosynthesis of membrane lipids took place during lipid metabolism, which can respond to drought stress through the transformation of energy and substances. Besides, we constructed a lipid metabolic model demonstrating the regulatory mechanism of drought stress in N. flagelliforme. The present study provides insight into the defense strategies of cyanobacteria in lipid metabolic pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11121798
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 7
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    Colitis-Mediated Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Flora and Impaired Vitamin A Absorption Reduce Ovarian Function in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-23), p. 2425-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-23), p. 2425-
    Abstract: Changes in the composition and ratio of the flora during colitis have been found to potentially affect ovarian function through nutrient absorption. However, the mechanisms have not been fully explored. To investigate whether colitis-induced dysbacteriosis of the intestinal flora affects ovarian function, mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) through drinking water. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to clarify the composition and proportion of bacterial flora as well as gene expression changes in the colon. Changes in follicle type, number, and hormone secretion in the ovary were detected. The results showed that 2.5% DSS could induce severe colitis symptoms, including increased inflammatory cell infiltration, severe damage to the crypt, and high expression of inflammatory factors. Moreover, vitamin A synthesis metabolism-related genes Rdh10, Aldh1a1, Cyp26a1, Cyp26b1, and Rarβ were significantly decreased, as well as the levels of the steroid hormone synthase-related proteins STAR and CYP11A1. The levels of estradiol, progesterone, and Anti-Mullerian hormone as well as the quality of oocytes decreased significantly. The significantly changed abundances of Alistipes, Helicobacter, Bacteroides, and some other flora had potentially important roles. DSS-induced colitis and impaired vitamin A absorption reduced ovarian function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15112425
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
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    Application of Iodine as a Catalyst in Aerobic Oxidations: A Sustainable Approach for Thiol Oxidations
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 19 ( 2023-09-24), p. 6789-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 19 ( 2023-09-24), p. 6789-
    Abstract: Iodine is a well-known oxidant that is widely used in organic syntheses. Thiol oxidation by stoichiometric iodine is one of the most commonly employed strategies for the synthesis of valuable disulfides. While recent advancements in catalytic aerobic oxidation conditions have eliminated the need for stoichiometric oxidants, concerns persist regarding the use of toxic or expensive catalysts. In this study, we discovered that iodine can be used as a cheap, low-toxicity catalyst in the aerobic oxidation of thiols. In the catalytic cycle, iodine can be regenerated via HI oxidation by O2 at 70 °C in EtOAc. This protocol harnesses sustainable oxygen as the terminal oxidant, enabling the conversion of primary and secondary thiols with remarkable efficiency. Notably, all 26 tested thiols, encompassing various sensitive functional groups, were successfully converted into their corresponding disulfides with yields ranging from 〉 66% to 98% at a catalyst loading of 5 mol%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196789
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
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    Effects of Mulberry Branch and Leaves Silage on Microbial Community, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, and Milk Yield in Lactating Dairy Cows
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2022-02-18), p. 86-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2022-02-18), p. 86-
    Abstract: This study investigated the effects of mulberry branch and leaves (MBL) silage on milk yield, ruminal fermentation, and bacteria composition in dairy cows. Thirty-six mid-lactation cows were selected and randomly allocated into three groups. The control group (C) was fed on a total mixed ratio (TMR) diet, while the experimental groups were fed on TMR supplemented with 5% (L) and 10% (H) MBL silage. The experiment lasted for eight weeks, including two weeks of adaption. The results showed that Group H had an increased milk yield, milk fat content (p 〈 0.05), and 4% feed conversion ratio (p = 0.10). In addition, rumen propionic acid was significantly increased (p 〈 0.05), while acetate/propionate was significantly decreased (p 〈 0.05) in the high MBL silage group. The microbiome analysis showed that Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla. Compared with Group C, the abundance of Bacteroides was significantly decreased (p 〈 0.01), while the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were increased but not significantly different in Groups L and H. Prevotella was significantly decreased (p 〈 0.05) in the MBL silage groups, and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 was increased in Group H. The correlation analysis showed that eight bacterial species belonging to Firmicutes were positively correlated with propionic acid. However, four bacterial species belonging to the Bacteroides group were negatively correlated with propionic acid. In conclusion, feed supplementation with about 5–10% of MBL silage could modulate the rumen microbiota and fermentation, and increase the abundance of fiber-digesting, propionic acid synthesis and milk fat-related microorganisms, thus improving milk yield in dairy cows.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020086
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813985-9
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  • 10
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    The Association between Dietary Purine Intake and Mortality: Evidence from the CHNS Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-21), p. 1718-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-21), p. 1718-
    Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the association between dietary purine intake and mortality among Chinese adults. Methods: Based on data from the 2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and the corresponding edition of China Food Composition, the average purine intake per day (mg/day) from 2004 to 2011 was calculated, and the surveyed population was divided into five groups by quintiles. The outcome event and timepoint of concern were defined as death and time, respectively, as reported by family members, recorded until the 2015 survey. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for death. The possibly nonlinear relationship between purine intake and mortality was examined with restricted cubic splines. Results: We included 17,755 subjects, and the average purine intake among them was 355.07 ± 145.32 mg/day. Purine intake was inversely associated with mortality (Ptrend 〈 0.001). Compared with the lowest quintiles of purine intake, the highest quintiles (HR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.77) showed a significant association with lower mortality. The negative association with mortality was mainly found in plant-derived purine (Ptrend = 0.001) and, weakly, in animal-derived purine (Ptrend = 0.052). In addition, a U-shaped relationship between purine intake and mortality was observed in males; however, there was no statistically significant dose–response relationship in females. Conclusion: Considering the low-purine-intake levels of the Chinese population, we observed a U-shaped relationship between purine intake and mortality in males, but purine intake may not relate to mortality in females. Future studies should investigate the causal relationship between purine intake and disease burden in China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14091718
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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