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  • MDPI AG  (58)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Ti-N-O Modified Layer on the TC4 Titanium Alloy Prepared by Hollow Cathodic Plasma Source Oxynitriding
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Metals Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-07), p. 1083-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-07), p. 1083-
    Abstract: TC4 alloy is widely used in dental implantation due to its excellent biocompatibility and low density. However, it is necessary to further improve the corrosion resistance and surface hardness of the titanium alloy to prevent surface damage that could result in the release of metal ions into the oral cavity, potentially affecting oral health. In this study, Ti-N-O layers were fabricated on the surface of TC4 alloy using a two-step hollow cathode plasma source oxynitriding technique. This resulted in the formation of TiN, Ti2N, TiO2, and nitrogen-stabilized α(N)-Ti phases on the TC4 alloy, forming a Ti-N-O modified layer. The microhardness of the samples treated with plasma oxynitriding (PNO) was found to be 300–400% higher than that of untreated (UN) samples. The experimental conditions were set at 520 °C, and the corrosion current density of the PNO sample was measured to be 7.65 × 10−8 A/cm2, which is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the UN sample. This indicates that the PNO-treated TC4 alloy exhibited significantly improved corrosion resistance in the artificial saliva solutions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met13061083
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Sex Differentiation-Related microRNAs in Spinach Female and Male Flower
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2022-04-07), p. 4090-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2022-04-07), p. 4090-
    Abstract: Sex determination and differentiation is an important biological process for unisexual flower development. Spinach is a model plant to study the mechanism of sex determination and differentiation of dioecious plant. Till now, little is known about spinach sex determination and differentiation mechanism. MicroRNAs are key factors in flower development. Herein, small RNA sequencing was performed to explore the roles of microRNAs in spinach sex determination and differentiation. As a result, 92 known and 3402 novel microRNAs were identified in 18 spinach female and male flower samples. 74 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified between female and male flowers, including 20 female-biased and 48 male-biased expression microRNAs. Target prediction identified 22 sex-biased microRNA-target pairs, which may be involved in spinach sex determination or differentiation. Among the differentially expressed microRNAs between FNS and M03, 55 microRNAs were found to reside in sex chromosome; one of them, sol-miR2550n, was functionally studied via genetic transformation. Silencing of sol-miR2550n resulted in abnormal anther while overexpression of sol-miR2550n induced early flowering, indicating sol-miR2550n was a male-promoting factor and validating the reliability of our small RNA sequencing data. Conclusively, this work can supply valuable information for exploring spinach sex determination and differentiation and provide a new insight in studying unisexual flower development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084090
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical Presentation and Novel Pathogenic Variants among 68 Chinese Neurofibromatosis 1 Children
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Genes Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2019-10-26), p. 847-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2019-10-26), p. 847-
    Abstract: Background: Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is one of the most common dominantly inherited genetic disorders worldwide, with an age-dependent phenotypic expression. Exploring the mutational spectrum and clinical presentation of NF1 patients at different ages from a diverse population will aid the understanding of genotype–phenotype correlations. Methods: In this study, 95 Chinese children with clinical suspicion of NF1 mainly due to the presence of multiple café-au-lait macules (CALMs) were subjected to medical exome-sequencing analysis and Sanger confirmation of pathogenic variants. Clinical presentations were evaluated regarding dermatological, ocular, neurological, and behavioral features. Results: Pathogenic or likely pathogenic NF1 variants were detected in 71.6% (68/95) of patients; 20 pathogenic variants were not previously reported, indicating that Chinese NF1 patients are still understudied. Parental Sanger sequencing confirmation revealed 77.9% of de novo variants, a percentage that was much higher than expected. The presence of a higher number of NF1-related features at young ages was correlated with positive diagnostic findings. In addition to CALMs, neurological and behavioral features had a high expression among Chinese NF1 children. We attempted to correlate short stature with the locations of the pathogenic variants across the NF1 gene. It is interesting to notice that variants detected in the C-terminal region of the NF1 gene were less likely to be associated with short stature among the NF1 patients, whereas variants at the N-terminal were highly penetrant for the short stature phenotype. Conclusion: Novel NF1 pathogenic variants are yet to be uncovered in under-studied NF1 patient populations; their identification will help to reveal novel genotype–phenotype correlations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes10110847
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Suggests Key Roles for 5-Hydroxytryptamlne Receptors in Control of Goose Egg Production
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Genes Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-04-22), p. 455-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-04-22), p. 455-
    Abstract: To date, research on poultry egg production performance has only been conducted within inter or intra-breed groups, while those combining both inter- and intra-breed groups are lacking. Egg production performance is known to differ markedly between Sichuan white goose (Anser cygnoides) and Landes goose (Anser anser). In order to understand the mechanism of egg production performance in geese, we undertook this study. Here, 18 ovarian stromal samples from both Sichuan white goose and Landes goose at the age of 145 days (3 individuals before egg production initiation for each breed) and 730 days (3 high- and low egg production individuals during non-laying periods for each breed) were collected to reveal the genome-wide expression profiles of ovarian mRNAs and lncRNAs between these two geese breeds at different physiological stages. Briefly, 58, 347, 797, 777, and 881 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 56, 24, 154, 105, and 224 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) were found in LLD vs. HLD (low egg production Landes goose vs. high egg production Landes goose), LSC vs. HSC (low egg production Sichuan White goose vs. high egg production Sichuan white goose), YLD vs. YSC (young Landes goose vs. young Sichuan white goose), HLD vs. HSC (high egg production Landes goose vs. high egg production Sichuan white goose), and LLD vs. LSC (low egg production Landes goose vs. low egg production Sichuan white goose) groups, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of these DEGs and DElncRNAs suggest that the “neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction pathway” is crucial for egg production, and particularly, members of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (HTR) family affect egg production by regulating ovarian metabolic function. Furthermore, the big differences in the secondary structures among HTR1F and HTR1B, HTR2B, and HTR7 may lead to their different expression patterns in goose ovaries of both inter- and intra-breed groups. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms regulating poultry egg production performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes11040455
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Influence of CaF2 Doping on the Sintering Behavior and Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramics for LTCC Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-30), p. 748-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-30), p. 748-
    Abstract: With the rapid development of microelectronic information technology, microelectronic packaging has higher requirements in terms of integration density, signal transmission speed, and passive component integration. Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) exhibit excellent dielectric properties and low temperature sintering properties, which meets the above-mentioned requirements. This work investigates the effects of CaF2 doping (0–16 mol%) on the glass structure, sintering behavior, crystallization, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of the CaO-B2O3-SiO2 (CBS) glass-ceramic system. Glass-ceramics were prepared using the conventional melting and quenching method. The physical and chemical properties of the glass-ceramics were analyzed using various techniques including TMA, SDT, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and a network analyzer. The results indicate that CaF2 doping can effectively reduce the sintering temperature and softening temperature of CBS ceramics. It also substantially improves the densification, dielectric, and mechanical properties. The appropriate amount of CaF2-doped CBS glass-ceramics can be sintered below 800 °C with a low dielectric constant and loss at high frequency (εr 〈 6, tanδ 〈 0.02 @ 10~13 GHz). Specifically, 8 mol% CaF2 doped CBS glass-ceramics sintered at 790 °C exhibit excellent microwave dielectric and thermal properties, with εr ~ 5.92 @ 11.4 GHz, tanδ ~ 1.59 × 10−3, CTE ~ 7.76 × 10−6/°C, λ ~ 2.17 W/(m·k), which are attractive for LTCC applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13050748
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2023-08-21), p. 2682-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2023-08-21), p. 2682-
    Abstract: Currently, FRS and CRS are the two predominant dryland rearing systems in the goose industry. However, the effects of these two systems on goose growth performance and health, as well as the underlying mechanisms, have not been fully clarified. Thus, this study aimed to compare growth performance and immune status, as well as investigate the genome-wide transcriptomic profiles of spleen in geese, between CRS and FRS at 270 d of age. Phenotypically, the body weight and body size traits were higher in geese under FRS, while the weight and organ index of spleen were higher in geese under CRS (p 〈 0.05). Noticeably, the bursa of Fabricius of geese under FRS was degenerated, while that under CRS was retained. At the serum level, the immune globulin-G (IgG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were higher in geese under CRS (p 〈 0.05). At the transcriptomic level, we identified 251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spleen between CRS and FRS, which were mainly enriched in scavenger receptor activity, inflammatory response, immune response, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, phenylalanine metabolism, ECM receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, through protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, ten candidate genes were identified, namely, VEGFA, FGF2, NGF, GPC1, NKX2-5, FGFR1, FGF1, MEIS1, CD36, and PAH. Further analysis demonstrated that geese in CRS could improve their immune ability through the “phenylalanine metabolism” pathway. Our results revealed that the FRS improved growth performance, whereas the CRS improved goose immune function by increasing levels of IL-6 and IgG in serum. Moreover, the phenylalanine metabolism pathway could exert positive effects on immune function of geese under CRS. These results can provide reliable references for understanding how floor and cage rearing systems affect goose growth performance and immune capacity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13162682
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Unveiling the Mode of Action of Two Antibacterial Tanshinone Derivatives
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2015-07-31), p. 17668-17681
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2015-07-31), p. 17668-17681
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817668
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Distributions, Sources, Potential Risks of Multi-Trace Metal/Metalloids in Street Dusts from Barbican Downtown Embracing by Xi’an Ancient City Wall (NW, China)
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 16 ( 2019-08-20), p. 2992-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 16 ( 2019-08-20), p. 2992-
    Abstract: A total of 116 dust samples in downtown within the city wall were collected, and the spatial occurrence, source and health risk status of 19 trace metal/metalloids bound in street dusts (SDs) were systematically investigated. Geochemical maps, associations, risk models and indices were calculated to define levels of distribution, possible natural or anthropogenic sources, ecological and human health risks. It was found that the wide variations of these 19 trace metals would be observed in spatial maps, which indicated strongly anthropogenic activities inputs. Compared to the calculations of the potential ecological risk index of toxic trace metals, Pb (Eri = 20.32) ranked at the level of considerable ecological risk. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk from most trace metals exposed to children and adults were no significant health risks, except for the non-carcinogenic risk of Cr and As to children, and the carcinogenic risk of Cr to adults. The unacceptable risk locations were observed at traffic conjunctions, which should be given attention. The source apportionment results indicated that the trace metals/metalloids Co, Ga, Nb, As, Ni, and Y, coupled with main elements Al, K, Mg, Ca and Si, would possibly originate from “Soil Re-suspension”, whereas Fe, Cu, Rb, La, Ba, Mn, Ti, Ce and Zr were possibly derived from “Brake Wear”. As regards the Na, no valid assumption was formulated about the presence of this element in brake wear, while Cr, Sr, Zn were possibly associated with “Tire Wear”. Comparatively, V would be suggested as a representative source of fuel consumption, and Pb could possibly belong to “Traffic Pigment”. It was noted that the barbican city, surrounded by the Xi’an Ancient City Wall at 12 m high, would trap the trace metal emissions, and consequently increase the health risk for local residents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162992
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and Simulation Test of the Control System for the Automatic Unloading and Replenishment of Baskets of the 4UM-120D Electric Leafy Vegetable Harvester
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-07), p. 13444-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-07), p. 13444-
    Abstract: This study designed a control system for the automatic unloading and replenishment of baskets based on the cooperative detection of photoelectric sensors and pressure sensors based on analyzing the structure of the 4UM-120D electric leafy vegetable harvester. The goal of this study was to increase the operation efficiency of leafy vegetable harvesters and decrease the work intensity of operators. A control system for the automatic unloading and replenishment of baskets based on the cooperative detection of a photoelectric sensor and pressure sensor was designed and constructed after an analysis of the operating principle and system components of automatic basket unloading and basket replenishment control at the rear of the harvester. The bench test results showed that the bottom photoelectric sensor and top photoelectric sensors 1 and 2 on the touch screen were not lit and the pressure sensor value was displayed as −0.00075531 kg, after pressing the system start button on the touch screen. On the touch screen, only the basket feeding motor was on: the transverse conveyor motor and the basket unloading motor were not, indicating that there was no collection basket on the unloading basket conveyor belt at this time and that the basket feeding motor was conveying an empty basket to the unloading basket conveyor belt. At 26 s, on the touch screen, only the top photoelectric sensor 2 was not on: the top photoelectric sensor 1 and the bottom photoelectric sensor were on and the pressure sensor value was shown as 1.38488 kg. Only the transverse conveyor motor lit up on the touch screen, the basket unloading motor and the basket feeding motor did not light up, indicating that the leafy vegetables temporarily stored in the transverse conveyor belt started to fall into the collection basket at this time and had not yet reached the expected capacity of the collection basket. At 43 s, the bottom photoelectric sensor and top photoelectric sensors 1 and 2 were lit on the touch screen and the pressure sensor value was shown as 2.37229 kg. On the touch screen, only the basket unloading motor lit up: the transverse conveyor motor and the basket feeding motor were not lit up, indicating that the collection basket capacity had reached the expected capacity at this time and the unloading was in progress. At 83 s, the bottom photoelectric sensor and top photoelectric sensors 1 and 2 were not lit on the touch screen and the pressure sensor value was displayed as −0.0040102 kg. On the touch screen, only the basket feeding motor lit up: the transverse conveyor motor and the basket unloading motor did not light up, indicating that the collection basket with the expected capacity had been unloaded to the ground, and the basket feeding motor was transporting empty baskets to the basket unloading conveyor belt. Through bench simulation tests, it was determined that the control system for the automatic unloading and replenishment of baskets based on the cooperative detection control strategy of the photoelectric sensor and pressure sensor reduced the probability of misjudgment and misoperation and improved system performance. This was conducted with the probability of system misjudgment and misoperation serving as the main evaluation index. The simulation results demonstrated that the control system for the automatic unloading and replenishment of baskets based on a photoelectric sensor and pressure sensor cooperative detection control strategy could be error-free judgment and avoid misoperation, effectively improving the stability, accuracy, and rapidity of the system. The study’s findings could suggest a strategy to lessen the workload of operators and increase the operational effectiveness of harvesters for leafy vegetables.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151813444
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 10
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    Evidence Supporting the Regulatory Relationships through a Paracrine Pathway between the Sternum and Pectoral Muscles in Ducks
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Genes Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-03-24), p. 463-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-03-24), p. 463-
    Abstract: Muscles and bones are anatomically closely linked, and they can conduct communication by mechanical and chemical signals. However, the specific regulatory mechanism between the pectoral muscle and sternum in birds was largely unknown. The present study explored the potential relationship between them in ducks. The result of the sections showed that more nuclei in proliferate states were observed in the pectoral muscle fibers attached to the calcified sternum, than those attached to the un-calcified sternum. The RNA-seq identified 328 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the sternum between the calcified and un-calcified groups. Gene ontology (GO) showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways associated with calcification. In addition, DEGs in the muscles between the calcified and un-calcified sternum groups were mainly annotated to signal transduction receptor pathways. The expression patterns of genes encoding for secreted proteins, in bone (CXCL12, BMP7 and CTSK) and muscle (LGI1), were clustered with muscle development (MB) and bone calcification (KCNA1, OSTN, COL9A3, and DCN) related genes, respectively, indicating the regulatory relationships through a paracrine pathway existing between the sternum and pectoral muscles in ducks. Together, we demonstrated that the pectoral muscle development was affected by the sternal ossification states in ducks. The VEGFA, CXCL12, SPP1, NOG, and BMP7 were possibly the key genes to participate in the ossification of the duck sternum. We firstly listed evidence supporting the regulatory relationships through a paracrine pathway between the sternum and pectoral muscles in ducks, which provided scientific data for the study of the synergistic development of bone and skeletal muscle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes12040463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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