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  • MDPI AG  (162)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stk10 Deficiency in Mice Promotes Tumor Growth by Dysregulating the Tumor Microenvironment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biology Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-11-15), p. 1668-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-11-15), p. 1668-
    Abstract: Serine-threonine kinase 10 (STK10) is a member of the STE20/p21-activated kinase (PAK) family and is predominantly expressed in immune organs. Our previous reports suggested that STK10 participates in the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer via in vitro and in vivo data. However, the correlation between STK10 and the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the relationship between STK10 and the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer through bioinformatic analysis, and investigated the role of Stk10 in tumor growth using an Stk10 knockout mouse model. The results showed that STK10 is significantly associated with the tumor-infiltrating immune cells including lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. The target deletion of host Stk10 results in increased tumor growth, due to decreased activated/effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and increased vessel density in the TME. In conclusion, we demonstrate that host Stk10 is involved in the host anti-tumor response by modulating the activated tumor-infiltrated CTLs and angiogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology11111668
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 2
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    Overview of the Observing System and Initial Scientific Accomplishments of the East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Galaxies Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-12-07), p. 113-
    Details
    In: Galaxies, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-12-07), p. 113-
    Abstract: The East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN) is an international VLBI facility in East Asia and is operated under mutual collaboration between East Asian countries, as well as part of Southeast Asian and European countries. EAVN currently consists of 16 radio telescopes and three correlators located in China, Japan, and Korea, and is operated mainly at three frequency bands, 6.7, 22, and 43 GHz with the longest baseline length of 5078 km, resulting in the highest angular resolution of 0.28 milliarcseconds at 43 GHz. One of distinct capabilities of EAVN is multi-frequency simultaneous data reception at nine telescopes, which enable us to employ the frequency phase transfer technique to obtain better sensitivity at higher observing frequencies. EAVN started its open-use program in the second half of 2018, providing a total observing time of more than 1100 h in a year. EAVN fills geographical gap in global VLBI array, resulting in enabling us to conduct contiguous high-resolution VLBI observations. EAVN has produced various scientific accomplishments especially in observations toward active galactic nuclei, evolved stars, and star-forming regions. These activities motivate us to initiate launch of the ’Global VLBI Alliance’ to provide an opportunity of VLBI observation with the longest baselines on the earth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4434
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/galaxies10060113
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2691049-4
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  • 3
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    Toughening and Heat-Resistant Modification of Degradable PLA/PBS-Based Composites by Using Glass Fiber/Silicon Dioxide Hybrid Fillers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-09), p. 3237-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-09), p. 3237-
    Abstract: In this paper, to enhance the toughness and heat resistance properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS) composites, the PLA/PBS matrix was modified by different glass fiber (GF), GF/SiO2, and GF/(Polyaluminium chloride) PAC fillers. Additionally, the effect of filler type, filler content, components interaction and composite structure on the mechanical and thermal properties of the PLA/PBS composites was researched. The results showed that the addition of GF, GF/SiO2 and GF/PAC make the PLA/PBS composites appear significantly higher mechanical properties compared with the pristine PLA/PBS composite. Among the different inorganic fillers, the 10%GF/1%SiO2 fillers showed excellent strengthening, toughening and heat resistant effects. Compared with the pristine PLA/PBS matrix, the tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact strength improved by 36.28%, 70.74%, 67.95%, 66.61% and 135.68%, respectively. Considering the above, when the weight loss rate was 50%, the thermal decomposition temperature of the 10%GF/1%SiO2 modified PLA/PBS composites was the highest 412.83 °C and its Vicat softening point was up to 116.8 °C. In a word, the 10%GF/1%SiO2 reinforced PLA/PBS composites exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties, which broadens the application of biodegradable materials in specific scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14163237
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 4
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    Development of a Simple Pretreatment Immunoassay Based on an Organic Solvent-Tolerant Nanobody for the Detection of Carbofuran in Vegetable and Fruit Samples
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-10-07), p. 576-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-10-07), p. 576-
    Abstract: Nanobodies are one-tenth the size of conventional antibodies and are naturally obtained from the atypical heavy-chain-only antibodies present in camelids. Their small size, high solubility, high stability, and strong resilience to organic solvents facilitate their use as novel analytical reagents in immunochemistry. In this study, specific nanobodies against pesticide carbofuran were isolated and characterized from an immunized library via phage display platform. We further established an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using nanobody Nb316 to detect carbofuran in vegetable and fruit samples. The results showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 7.27 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.65 ng/mL. A simplified sample pretreatment procedure omitting the evaporation of organic solvent was used. The averaged recovery rate of spiked samples ranged between 82.3% and 103.9%, which correlated with that of standard UPLC–MS/MS method. In conclusion, a nanobody with high specificity for carbofuran was characterized, and a nanobody-based sensitive immunoassay for simple and rapid detection of carbofuran in real samples was validated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom9100576
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 5
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    Supplementation of Saponins from Leaves of Panax quinquefolius Mitigates Cisplatin-Evoked Cardiotoxicity via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Associated Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2019-09-01), p. 347-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2019-09-01), p. 347-
    Abstract: Background: Although kidney injury caused by cisplatin has attracted much attention, cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity is elusive. Our previous studies have confirmed that saponins (ginsenosides) from Panax quinquefolius can effectively reduce acute renal injuries. Our current study aimed to identify the potential effects of saponins from leaves of P. quinquefolius (PQS) on cisplatin-evoked cardiotoxicity. Methods: Mice were intragastrically with PQS at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg daily for 15 days. The mice in cisplatin group and PQS + cisplatin groups received four times intraperitoneal injections of cisplatin (3 mg/kg) two days at a time from the 7th day, respectively. All mice were killed at 48 h following final cisplatin injection. Body weights, blood and organic samples were collected immediately. Results: Our results showed that cisplatin-challenged mice experienced a remarkable cardiac damage with obvious histopathological changes and elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations and viabilities in serum. Cisplatin also impaired antioxidative defense system in heart tissues manifested by a remarkable reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, demonstrating the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Interestingly, PQS (125 and 250 mg/kg) can attenuate cisplatin-evoked changes in the above-mentioned parameters. Additionally, PQS administration significantly alleviated the oxidation resulted from inflammatory responses and apoptosis in cardiac tissues via inhibition of overexpressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and Bad as well as the caspase family members like caspase-3, and 8, respectively. Conclusion: Findings from our present research clearly indicated that PQS exerted significant effects on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in part by inhibition of the NF-κB activity and regulation of PI3K/Akt/apoptosis mediated signaling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090347
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Antibody Generation and Rapid Immunochromatography Using Time-Resolved Fluorescence Microspheres for Propiconazole: Fungicide Abused as Growth Regulator in Vegetable
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-01-24), p. 324-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-01-24), p. 324-
    Abstract: Propiconazole (PCZ) is a fungicide popularly used to prevent and control wheat and rice bakanae disease, etc. However, it was recently found to be illegally employed as a plant regulator to induce thick stems and dark green leaves of Brassica campestris, a famous vegetable in Guangdong, South China. Due to a lack of available recognition molecules to the target analyte, it is still a big challenge to establish a rapid surveillance screening method. In this study, a novel chiral hapten was rationally designed, and an artificial immunogen was then prepared for the generation of a specific antibody against propiconazole for the first time. Using the obtained antibody, a highly sensitive time-resolved fluorescence microspheres lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (TRFMs-LFIA) was established with a visual limit of detection of 100 ng/mL and a quantitative limit of detection of 1.92 ng/mL for propiconazole. TRFMs-LFIA also exhibited good recoveries ranging from 78.6% to 110.7% with coefficients of variation below 16%. The analysis of blind real-life samples showed a good agreement with results obtained using HPLC-MS/MS. Therefore, the proposed method could be used as an ideal screening surveillance tool for the detection of propiconazole in vegetables.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11030324
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 7
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    Melatonin Accumulation in Sweet Cherry and Its Influence on Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Properties
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2020-02-10), p. 753-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2020-02-10), p. 753-
    Abstract: Although the effects of melatonin on plant abiotic and biotic stress resistance have been explored in recent decades, the accumulation of endogenous melatonin in plants and its influence on fruit quality remains unclear. In the present study, melatonin accumulation levels and the expression profiles of five synthesis genes were investigated during fruit and leaf development in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Melatonin was strongly accumulated in young fruits and leaves, then decreased steadily with maturation. Transcript levels of PacTDC and PacSNAT were highly correlated with melatonin content in both fruit and leaves, indicating their importance in melatonin accumulation. Furthermore, application of 50 and 100 μmol·L−1 of melatonin to leaves had a greater influence on fruit quality than treatments applied to fruits, by significantly improving fruit weight, soluble solids content, and phenolic content including total phenols, flavanols, total anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid. Meanwhile, melatonin application promoted the antioxidant capacity of fruit assayed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylben zothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). These results provide insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying melatonin metabolism of sweet cherry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030753
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Yersiniabactin-Producing E. coli Induces the Pyroptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells via the NLRP3 Pathway and Promotes Gut Inflammation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 14 ( 2023-07-14), p. 11451-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 14 ( 2023-07-14), p. 11451-
    Abstract: The high-pathogenicity island (HPI) was initially identified in Yersinia and can be horizontally transferred to Escherichia coli to produce yersiniabactin (Ybt), which enhances the pathogenicity of E. coli by competing with the host for Fe3+. Pyroptosis is gasdermin-induced necrotic cell death. It involves the permeabilization of the cell membrane and is accompanied by an inflammatory response. It is still unclear whether Ybt HPI can cause intestinal epithelial cells to undergo pyroptosis and contribute to gut inflammation during E. coli infection. In this study, we infected intestinal epithelial cells of mice with E. coli ZB-1 and the Ybt-deficient strain ZB-1Δirp2. Our findings demonstrate that Ybt-producing E. coli is more toxic and exacerbates gut inflammation during systemic infection. Mechanistically, our results suggest the involvement of the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway in E. coli infection. Ybt promotes the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to GSDMD cleavage into GSDMD-N and promoting the pyroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, ultimately aggravating gut inflammation. Notably, NLRP3 knockdown alleviated these phenomena, and the binding of free Ybt to NLRP3 may be the trigger. Overall, our results show that Ybt HPI enhances the pathogenicity of E. coli and induces pyroptosis via the NLRP3 pathway, which is a new mechanism through which E. coli promotes gut inflammation. Furthermore, we screened drugs targeting NLRP3 from an existing drug library, providing a list of potential drug candidates for the treatment of gut injury caused by E. coli.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411451
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Two Novel Yersinia pestis Bacteriophages with a Broad Host Range: Potential as Biocontrol Agents in Plague Natural Foci
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 2740-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 2740-
    Abstract: Bacteriophages (phages) have been successfully used as disinfectors to kill bacteria in food and the environment and have been used medically for curing human diseases. The objective of this research was to elucidate the morphological and genomic characteristics of two novel Yersinia pestis phages, vB_YpeM_ MHS112 (MHS112) and vB_YpeM_GMS130 (GMS130), belonging to the genus Gaprivervirus, subfamily Tevenvirinae, family Myoviridae. Genome sequencing showed that the sizes of MHS112 and GMS130 were 170507 and 168552 bp, respectively. A total of 303 and 292 open reading frames with 2 tRNA and 3 tRNA were predicted in MHS112 and GMS130, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships were analysed among the two novel Y. pestis phages, phages in the genus Gaprivervirus, and several T4-like phages infecting the Yersinia genus. The bacteriophage MHS112 and GMS130 exhibited a wider lytic host spectrum and exhibited comparative temperature and pH stability. Such features signify that these phages do not need to rely on Y. pestis as their host bacteria in the ecological environment, while they could be based on more massive Enterobacteriales species to propagate and form ecological barriers against Y. pestis pathogens colonised in plague foci. Such characteristics indicated that the two phages have potential as biocontrol agents for eliminating the endemics of animal plague in natural plague foci.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14122740
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 10
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    P300 Event-Related Potential Predicts Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Vestibular Disorders
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-08-24), p. 2365-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-08-24), p. 2365-
    Abstract: Objective: Our aim was to determine the correlation between cognitive impairment and P300 event-related potential (ERP) in older adults with vertigo and imbalance, which further provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and patients’ rehabilitation. Methods: A total of 79 older adult patients with vertigo and imbalance in our outpatient department from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected and divided into the mild group (n = 20), moderate group (n = 39), and severe group (n = 20) according to the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). The auditory P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, and cognitive function in these patients, respectively. Results: The P300 latencies of the different severity groups were 292 ± 10 ms, 301 ± 8 ms, and 328 ± 5 ms, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (p = 0.010). The P300 amplitudes of the different severity groups were 14.4 ± 2.6 μV, 3.9 ± 0.8 μV, and 5.1 ± 1.4 μV, respectively, and the differences were also statistically significant (p = 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference in the DHI evaluation or VAS visual simulation scoring between the two groups (p = 0.625, and 0.878, respectively). Compared with the short-course group, the long-course group showed prolonged P300 latency and decreased amplitude, higher scores in PHQ-9 and GAD-7, and lower scores in MMSE, and all the differences were statistically significant (p = 0.013, 0.021, 0.006, 0.004, and 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: Older patients with more severe symptoms of vertigo and imbalance are at higher risk of developing abnormal cognitive function. The P300 can be used as an objective neurophysiological test for the assessment of cognitive function relevant to elderly patients with vertigo and imbalance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092365
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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