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  • MDPI AG  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variation Characteristics of Particle Surface Electrochemical Properties during the Improvement of Reclaimed Soil from Hollow Village in Loess Area
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 11527-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 11527-
    Abstract: Soil surface electrochemical properties, such as specific surface area and surface charge number, are important indexes to evaluate the agricultural soil quality change. However, there is not enough focus on the effect of different improved materials on the reclaimed soil surface electrochemical characteristics. Therefore, we selected maturing agent (TM), fly ash (TF), organic fertilizer (TO), maturing agent + organic fertilizer (TMO), fly ash + organic fertilizer (TFO), and no modified material (CK) treatment for 5 years of field location experiments to study the effects of different improved materials on the surface electrochemical properties of reclaimed soil from abandoned homestead. The results showed that, compared with CK treatment, the specific surface area, surface charge number, and surface charge density of reclaimed soil increased to 11.36–14.05 m2 g−1, 13.49–18.58 cmol kg−1, and 1.14–1.76 C m−2 after five years of application of different improved materials, respectively, and the number of surface charge under TFO, TMO, and TO treatment increased by 28.9%, 25.2%, and 37.7% compared with CK, respectively. Meanwhile, the specific surface area increased significantly (p 〈 0.05), showing an order of TFO 〉 TMO 〉 TO 〉 TF 〉 TM 〉 CK. The surface electric field strength can reach the order of 108 V m−1. The statistical analysis results suggest that the contents of soil organic matter (SOM), silt, and clay were positively correlated with the soil surface electrochemical properties, which were the main factors for the changes of reclaimed soil surface electrochemical properties. Our research conclusion shows that in the process of reclamation of abandoned homestead in Loess Plateau, the application of different materials is helpful to improve the soil surface electrochemical properties, among which the organic–inorganic TFO treatment was a suitable improved material treatment for improving the surface electrochemical properties and fertility of reclaimed soil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su141811527
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interactive Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Initial Thaw Depth on Slope Erosion
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-08), p. 3172-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-08), p. 3172-
    Abstract: Seasonal freeze–thaw processes have led to severe soil erosion in the middle and high latitudes of the world, so understanding the freeze–thaw erosion process is of great significance for soil and water conservation as well as for ecological engineering. The area affected by freeze–thaw erosion in China exceeds 13% of the national territory. However, there is little data regarding the impact of rainfall intensity and initial thaw depth on soil erosion. Here, the effects that different rainfall intensities (0.6 mm/min, 0.9 mm/min and 1.2 mm/min) and different initial thaw depths (0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm) had on the soil erosion process on the loess slope were studied under simulated rainfall conditions. The results showed that the infiltration rate decrease with prolonged runoff time, and then stabilized. Runoff occurred more quickly during increasingly intense rainfall, especially when little soil had thawed. The variation in runoff and sediment yield occurred in two stages: slow growth and rapid growth. As soil thawed to greater depths, rainfall intensity had less influence on the sediment. A linear relationship existed between the cumulative runoff and the sediment yield of all treatments. (R2 〉 0.92, p 〈 0.01). Rainfall intensity and thaw depth had interacting effects on erosion. At low rainfall intensities, the initial thaw depth played a leading role in the erosion process, but at higher rainfall intensities, rainfall intensity played a larger role. Stage II erosion amount accounted for more than 90% of the total erosion across all treatments. The results of this research provide a guide for furthering the understanding of the soil water erosion mechanism of thawing slopes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14063172
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatiotemporal Evolution of Crop Planting Structure in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China: A Case Study in Hailun County
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-05-26), p. 785-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-05-26), p. 785-
    Abstract: Detailed characteristics of crop planting structure (CPS) evolution can inform the optimization of the crop yield proportion in the black soil region of Northeast China (BSRNC). Choosing Hailun County as an example, this study sought to analyze the geographic characteristics of CPS evolution from 2000 to 2020. Our analysis produced new spatiotemporal information based on the remote-sensing interpretation data, namely, Landsat4-5 TM, Landsat7 ETM+, and Landsat8 OLI images. The study characterized the temporal and spatial dynamics of CPS. Our results showed the following: (1) Soybean and maize were the main crops, with a total land area of 70%; they alternated as the most dominant crop. (2) The distribution breadth and aggregation intensity of soybean and maize were spatially complementary; rice had the smallest distribution range but strong water aggregation. (3) The evolution pattern of CPS was the interconversion between a single type of soybean and maize. Our results indicate that the future CPS adjustment of BSRNC needs to consider the county-level optimization of crop area proportion and crop spatial distribution. This context has excellent implications in geographically informing policymaking to adjust county-level CPS of BSRNC, thus safeguarding food security.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11060785
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vegetation Coverage Prediction for the Qinling Mountains Using the CA–Markov Model
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-08), p. 679-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-08), p. 679-
    Abstract: The Qinling Mountains represent the dividing line of the natural landscape of north-south in China. The prediction on vegetation coverage is important for protecting the ecological environment of the Qinling Mountains. In this paper, the data accuracy and reliability of three vegetation index data (GIMMS NDVI, SPOT NDVI, and MODIS NDVI) were compared at first. SPOT, NDVI, and MODIS NDVI were used for calculating the vegetation coverage in the Qinling Mountains. Based on the CA–Markov model, the vegetation coverage grades in 2008, 2010, and 2013 were used to simulate the vegetation coverage grade in 2025. The results show that the grades of vegetation coverage of the Qinling Mountains calculated by SPOT, NDVI, and MODIS NDVI are highly similar. According to the prediction results, the grade of vegetation coverage in the Qinling Mountains has a rising trend under the guidance of the policy, particularly in urban areas. Most of the vegetation coverage transit from low vegetation coverage to middle and low vegetation coverage. The grades of the vegetation coverage, which were predicted by the CA–Markov model using SPOT, NDVI, and MODI NDVI, are consistent in spatial distribution and temporal variation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10100679
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring a Sustainable Cropping System in the North China Plain Using a Modelling Approach
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-06-04), p. 4588-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-06-04), p. 4588-
    Abstract: The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most important grain production regions in China. However, it currently experiences water shortage, severe nonpoint source pollution, and low water and N use efficiencies (WUE and NUE). To explore sustainable agricultural development in this region, a field experiment with different cropping systems was conducted in suburban Beijing. These cropping systems included a winter wheat and summer maize rotation system for one year (WM), three harvests (winter wheat-summer maize-spring maize) in two years (HT), and continuous spring maize monoculture (CS). Novel ways were explored to improve WUE and NUE and to reduce N loss via the alternative cropping system based on the simulation results of a soil-crop system model. Results showed that the annual average yields were ranked as follows: WM 〉 HT 〉 CS. The N leaching of WM was much larger than that of HT and CS. WUE and NUE were ranked as follows: WM 〈 HT 〈 CS. Comprehensive evaluation indices based on agronomic and environmental effects indicated that CS or HT have significant potential for approaches characterized by water-saving, fertilizer-saving, high-WUE, and high-NUE properties. Once spring maize yield reached an ideal level HT and CS became a high-yield, water-saving, and fertilizer-saving cropping systems. Therefore, this method would be beneficial to sustainable agricultural development in the NCP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12114588
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Study of Al-Modified Zeolite with Oxygen Nanobubbles in Repairing Black Odorous Sediments in River Channels
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 2194-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 2194-
    Abstract: As an extreme phenomenon of water pollution, black odorous water not only causes ecological damage, but also severely restricts urban development. Presently, the in situ remediation technology for sediment from river channels is still undeveloped, and there are many bottlenecks in the key technologies for sediment pollution control and ecological restoration. In this study, three experimental tanks were used to explore the restoration effect of Al-modified zeolite with oxygen nanobubbles on black odorous sediment from the Shichuan River. One of the tanks housed Typha orientalis and Canna indica L. (TC), another tank housed the same plants and had Al-modified zeolite with oxygen nanobubbles (TC+AMZON), and the last tank was used as a comparison test (CS). The results show that the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the sediment are violently released into the surrounding water. However, TC+AMZON could effectively inhibit the release of P. The released amount of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) from the pore water in the sediment reached its maximum at 40 d, and the amounts were 122.97% and 74.32% greater in TC and CS, respectively, than in TC+AMZON. However, the released amount of total phosphorus (TP) reached its maximum at 70 d, and the amounts were 260.14% and 218.23% greater in TC and CS, respectively, than in TC+AMZON. TC+AMZON significantly increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of pore water in the sediment in the early stages of the test. At 0 d, the DO content in TC+AMZON reached 10.6 mg/L, which is 112.0% and 178.95% greater than in TC and CS, respectively. The change law of ORP in the sediment is consistent with the DO. TC+AMZON significantly improved the transparency and reduced the content of chlorophylla in the upper water and could slightly reduce the N and P content in overlying water. The transparency of TC+AMZON increased by 130.76% and 58.73%, and chlorophylla decreased by 55.6% and 50.0% when compared to TC and CS, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14142194
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Standardising Training of Nurses in an Evidence-Based Psychosocial Intervention for Perinatal Depression: Randomized Trial of Electronic vs. Face-to-Face Training in China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2022-03-30), p. 4094-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2022-03-30), p. 4094-
    Abstract: Background: Rates of perinatal depression in China are high. The Thinking Healthy Programme is a WHO-endorsed, evidence-based psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression, requiring five days of face-to-face training by a specialist trainer. Given the paucity of specialist trainers and logistical challenges, standardized training of large numbers of nurses is a major challenge for scaling up. We developed an electronic training programme (e-training) which eliminates the need for specialist-led, face-to-face training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the e-training compared to conventional face-to-face training in nursing students. Methods: A single blind, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial was conducted. One hundred nursing students from two nursing schools were randomly assigned to either e-training or conventional face-to-face training. Results: E-training was not inferior to specialist-led face-to-face training immediately post-training [mean ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors (ENACT) score (M) 45.73, standard deviation (SD) 4.03 vs. M 47.08, SD 4.53; mean difference (MD) −1.35, 95% CI; (−3.17, 0.46), p = 0.14]. There was no difference in ENACT scores at three months [M = 42.16, SD 4.85 vs. M = 42.65, SD 4.65; MD = −0.481, 95% CI; (−2.35, 1.39), p = 0.61] . Conclusions: E-training is a promising tool with comparative effectiveness to specialist-led face-to-face training. E-training can be used for training of non-specialists for evidence-based psychosocial interventions at scale and utilized where there is a shortage of specialist trainers, but practice under supervision is necessary to maintain competence. However, continued practice under supervision may be necessary to maintain competence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074094
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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