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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    All-Cause Standardized Mortality Ratio in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-01-28), p. 2347-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-01-28), p. 2347-
    Abstract: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at a higher mortality risk compared with the general population. Previous studies have described a relationship between mortality and patients with ESRD, but the data on standardized mortality ratio (SMR) corresponding to different causes of death in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are limited. This study was designed as a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Incident dialysis patients between January 2000 and December 2015 in Taiwan were included. Using data acquired from the Taiwan Death Registry, SMR values were calculated and compared with the overall survival. The results showed there were a total of 128,966 patients enrolled, including 117,376 incident HD patients and 11,590 incident PD patients. It was found that 75,297 patients (58.4%) died during the period of 2000–2017. The overall SMR was 5.21. The neoplasms SMR was 2.11; the endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and immunity disorders SMR was 13.53; the circulatory system SMR was 4.31; the respiratory system SMR was 2.59; the digestive system SMR was 6.1; and the genitourinary system SMR was 27.22. Therefore, more attention should be paid to these diseases in clinical care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032347
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Care between Family Physicians, Endocrinologists, and Other Internists in Taiwan: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-14), p. 461-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-14), p. 461-
    Abstract: (1) Background: We aimed to determine whether physicians of different specialties perform differently in the monitoring, cost control, and prevention of acute outcomes in diabetes care. (2) Methods: Using data from the Health and Welfare Data Science Center, participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 206,819) were classified into three cohorts based on their primary care physician during the first year of diagnosis: family medicine (FM), endocrinologist, and other internal medicine (IM). The three cohorts were matched in a pairwise manner (FM (n = 28,269) vs. IM (n = 28,269); FM (n = 23,407) vs. endocrinologist (n = 23,407); IM (n = 43,693) vs. endocrinologist (n = 43,693)) and evaluated for process indicators, expenditure on diabetes care, and incidence of acute complications (using subdistribution hazard ratio; sHR). (3) Results: Compared to the FM cohort, both the IM (sHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.47) and endocrinologist cohorts (sHR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.38–1.78) had higher incidences of acute complications. The FM cohort incurred lower costs than the IM cohort (USD 487.41 vs. USD 507.67, p = 0.01) and expended less than half of the diabetes-related costs of the endocrinology cohort (USD 484.39 vs. USD 927.85, p 〈 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Family physicians may provide better care at a lower cost to newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Relatively higher costs incurred by other internists and endocrinologists in the process of diabetes care may be explained by the more frequent ordering of specialized tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030461
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gamma Knife Radiosurgery as a Salvage Treatment for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Skull Base and Intracranial Invasion (T4b)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Life Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-14), p. 1880-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-14), p. 1880-
    Abstract: It is usually difficult to achieve good outcomes with salvage treatment for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) because of its deep-seated location, surrounding critical structures, and patient history of high-dose irradiation. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) is a treatment option for malignancies with skull base and intracranial invasion. We conducted a retrospective, observational, single-center study including 15 patients with recurrent NPC (stage T4b) involving the skull base and intracranial invasion, who underwent GKS as a salvage treatment. Patients were enrolled over 12 years. Per a previous study, the TNM classification T4b was subclassified into T4b1 and T4b2, defined as the involvement of the skull base or cavernous sinus with an intracranial extension of 〈 5 mm and 〉 5 mm, respectively. The effect of prognostic factors, including age, sex, survival period, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presentation, presence of other distant metastases, tumor volume, marginal dose, maximal dose, and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), on outcomes was analyzed. The patients with T4b1 NPC (p = 0.041), small tumor volume (p = 0.012), higher KPS (p 〈 0.001), and no other metastasis (p = 0.007) had better outcomes after GKS treatment, suggesting that it is a viable treatment modality for NPC. We also suggest that detailed brain imaging studies may enable the early detection of intracranial invasion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life12111880
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Treatment, Outcome, and Relapse of Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-02), p. 340-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-02), p. 340-
    Abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak can be spontaneous or nonspontaneous. The management options include conservative treatments, blood patch, and surgical repairs. We compared clinical symptoms, image findings, management options, hospitalization, and relapse rates among different causes of CSF leaks. Eighty-one patients were recruited: 20 with spontaneous and 61 with nonspontaneous CSF leaks. Nonspontaneous causes included lumbar puncture, surgery, and trauma. Surgery sites comprised sphenoid, spine, skull base, and calvaria. Spontaneous CSF leak came from the sphenoid or spine. Age, gender, body mass index, initial symptoms, hospitalization, treatment courses, and recurrence rates showed no difference between the groups. The spontaneous group had higher CSF accumulations on their MRIs. MRI pachymeninge enhancement showed the highest sensitivity (78.6%) for intracranial hypotension. Meningitis occurred in 1/3 of sphenoid, skull base, and calvarian surgeries. Earlier reoperation was correlated with shorter hospitalization (r = 0.651), but the recurrence rates were similar. Longer intervals between surgery and CSF leak encouraged reoperation. Among the spontaneous spine and lumbar puncture-related CSF leaks, 57.1% of them responded to 4 days of conservative treatment. Among the trauma-related CSF leaks, 90.9% of them required surgical repair. The demographic data and symptoms were similar in various groups of CSF leak. The symptom onset durations and treatment strategies were different. However, the recurrence rates were similar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030340
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Restoration of HDAC1 Enzymatic Activity after Stroke Protects Neurons from Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage and Attenuates Behavioral Deficits in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 19 ( 2021-09-30), p. 10654-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 19 ( 2021-09-30), p. 10654-
    Abstract: A therapeutic approach for promoting neuroprotection and brain functional regeneration after strokes is still lacking. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), which belongs to the histone deacetylase family, is involved in the transcriptional repression of cell-cycle-modulated genes and DNA damage repair during neurodegeneration. Our previous data showed that the protein level and enzymatic activity of HDAC1 are deregulated in stroke pathogenesis. A novel compound named 5104434 exhibits efficacy to selectively activate HDAC1 enzymatic function in neurodegeneration, but its potential in stroke therapy is still unknown. In this study, we adopted an induced rat model with cerebral ischemia using the vessel dilator endothelin-1 to evaluate the potential of compound 5104434. Our results indicated compound 5104434 selectively restored HDAC1 enzymatic activity after oxygen and glucose deprivation, preserved neurite morphology, and protected neurons from ischemic damage in vitro. In addition, compound 5104434 attenuated the infarct volume, neuronal loss, apoptosis, DNA damage, and DNA breaks in cerebral ischemia rats. It further ameliorated the behavioral outcomes of neuromuscular response, balance, forepaw strength, and functional recovery. Collectively, our data support the efficacy of compound 5104434 in stroke therapy and contend that it can be considered for clinical trial evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910654
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Polygenic Risk Score for Predicting High Risk Glaucoma Individuals of Han Chinese Ancestry
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-09), p. 1169-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-09), p. 1169-
    Abstract: Glaucoma is a progressive and irreversible blindness-causing disease. However, the underlying genetic factors and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made tremendous progress on the SNP-based disease association and characterization. However, most of them were conducted for Europeans. Since differential genetic characteristics among ethnic groups were evident in glaucoma, it is worthwhile to complete its genetic landscape from the larger cohorts of Asian individuals. Here, we present a GWAS based on the Taiwan Biobank. Among 1013 glaucoma patients and 36,562 controls, we identified a total of 138 independent glaucoma-associated SNPs at the significance level of p 〈 1 × 10−5. After clumping genetically linked SNPs (LD clumping), 134 independent SNPs with p 〈 10−4 were recruited to construct a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS). The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.8387 (95% CI = [0.8269–0.8506]), and those within the top PRS quantile had a 45.48-fold increased risk of glaucoma compared with those within the lowest quantile. The PRS model was validated with an independent cohort that achieved an AUC of 0.7283, thereby showing the effectiveness of our polygenic risk score in predicting individuals in the Han Chinese population with higher glaucoma risks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111169
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of 52-Week Single Inhaler Device Triple Therapy versus Dual Therapy on the Mortality of COPD Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Life Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-25), p. 173-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-25), p. 173-
    Abstract: There are more single inhaler device triple therapy available for COPD patients now. However, the effect of long-term triple therapy fixed dose combination (FDC) on mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of one-year single inhaler device triple therapy, including long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs), long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs), and inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), with dual therapies, comprised of either LABA/LAMA or ICS/LABA, on the mortality of patients with COPD. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Embase databases, and clinical trial registry of clinicaltrials.gov and WHO ICTRP. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared single inhaler device triple and dual therapies for 52 weeks were selected for the meta-analysis. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. A total of 6 RCTs were selected for the meta-analysis, including 10,274 patients who received single inhaler device triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA FDC) and 12,395 patients who received ICS/LABA or LABA/LAMA dual therapy. Risk of death was significantly lower in the ICS/LABA/LAMA FDC group compared to the LABA/LAMA group (RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.53–0.90, p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in mortality between the ICS/LABA/LAMA FDC and ICS/LABA therapy groups (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.72–1.24, p = 0.66). In addition, patients receiving ICS/LABA/LAMA FDC therapy had less moderate or severe exacerbations compared with the dual therapy groups (RR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.73–0.80, p 〈 0.001 for LABA/LAMA; RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.78–0.90, p 〈 0.001 for ICS/LABA). By contrast, the risk of pneumonia in the ICS/LABA/LAMA FDC group was higher than in the LABA/LAMA group (RR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.21–1.68, p 〈 0.001). In conclusion, ICS/LABA/LAMA FDC therapy could help improve the clinical outcomes of patients with COPD. However, triple therapy could increase the risk of pneumonia in comparison with LABA/LAMA dual therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life12020173
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Systematic Identification of the RNA-Binding Protein STAU2 as a Key Regulator of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-07-26), p. 3629-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-07-26), p. 3629-
    Abstract: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly aggressive cancer. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate highly dynamic post-transcriptional processes and perform very important biological functions. Although over 1900 RBPs have been identified, most are considered markers of tumor progression, and further information on their general role in PAAD is not known. Here, we report a bioinformatics analysis that identified five hub RBPs and produced a high-value prognostic model based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets. Among these, the prognostic signature of the double-stranded RNA binding protein Staufen double-stranded RNA (STAU2) was identified. Firstly, we found that it is a highly expressed critical regulator of PAAD associated with poor clinical outcomes. Accordingly, the knockdown of STAU2 led to a profound decrease in PAAD cell growth, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis of PAAD cells. Furthermore, through multiple omics analyses, we identified the key target genes of STAU2: Palladin cytoskeletal associated protein (PALLD), Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU), SERPINE1 mRNA Binding Protein 1 (SERBP1), and DEAD-box polypeptide 3, X-Linked (DDX3X). Finally, we found that a high expression level of STAU2 not only helps PAAD evade the immune response but is also related to chemotherapy drug sensitivity, which implies that STAU2 could serve as a potential target for combinatorial therapy. These findings uncovered a novel role for STAU2 in PAAD aggression and resistance, suggesting that it probably represents a novel therapeutic and drug development target.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153629
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 9
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    Systemic Injection of Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Fails to Break down the Blood–Brain Barrier or Activate the TLR4-MyD88 Pathway in Neonatal Rat Brain
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2014-06-05), p. 10101-10115
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2014-06-05), p. 10101-10115
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610101
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    A Pilot Plant Study on the Autoclaving of Food Wastes for Resource Recovery and Reutilization
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2018-10-06), p. 3566-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2018-10-06), p. 3566-
    Abstract: Autoclaving of food wastes (FW) for the resource recovery and reutilization was studied using the pilot plant scale. Experiments were conducted at various temperatures of 408, 428, and 438 K and times of 15 and 60 min. The in-filled steam to the autoclave was supplied by the incineration plant with a gauge pressure of 7 kg/cm2 and a temperature of 443 K or above. The results obtained from the experiments show that the less energy- and time-consuming autoclaving conditions (408 K and 15 min, denoted as Case A408-15) are effective. Comparisons of the properties and characteristics of autoclaved FW (FWA) of Case A408-15 with those of FW are made. The wet bulk volume and wet bulk density of FW A are dramatically reduced to 15.64% and increased to 313.37% relative to those of FW, respectively. This makes the subsequent processing and reuse for FWA more convenient than FW. The autoclaving results in an increase of carbon content and a decrease of nitrogen content, and thus an increase of the C/N ratio of FWA. The contents of sulfur, hemi-cellulose, and cellulose of FWA are also reduced. All these fluctuations are beneficial for making compost or other usages from FWA than FW. The autoclaved liquid product (LA) separated from FWA and liquid condensate (LC) from the released gas possess high COD and TOC. These two liquids can be mixed for use as liquid fertilizers with proper conditioning. Alternatively, further anaerobic digestion of the mixture of FWA, LA, and LC can offer enhanced biogas production for power generation. All these thus match the appeal of sustainable materials management and circular economy. The emitted gas from autoclaving contains no CO and some hydrocarbons. Suitable air pollution control is needed. The results and information obtained are useful for the proper recovery and reuse of abundant food wastes from domestic households and food industries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su10103566
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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