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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Short-Time Approach for Fatigue Life Evaluation of AISI 347 Steel for Nuclear Power Energy Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2021-12-02), p. 11405-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2021-12-02), p. 11405-
    Abstract: AISI 347 austenitic steel is, as an example, used in nuclear energy piping systems. Piping filled with superheated steam or cooled water is particularly exposed to high stresses, whereupon local material properties in the pipes can change significantly, especially in the case of additional corrosive influences, leading to aging of the material. In the absence of appropriate information, such local material property variations are currently covered rather blanketly by safety factors set during the design of those components. An increase in qualified information could improve the assessment of the condition of such aged components. As part of the collaborative project “Microstructure-based assessment of the maximum service life of core materials and components subjected to corrosion and fatigue (MiBaLeB)”, the short-time procedure, StrainLife, was developed and validated by several fatigue tests. With this procedure, a complete S–N curve of a material can be determined on the basis of three fatigue tests only, which reduces the effort compared to a conventional approach significantly and is thus ideal for assessing the condition of aged material, where the material is often rare, and a cost-effective answer is often very needed. The procedure described is not just limited to traditional parameters, such as stress and strain, considered in destructive testing but rather extends into parameters derived from non-destructive testing, which may allow further insight into what may be happening within a material’s microstructure. To evaluate the non-destructive quantities measured within the StrainLife procedure and to correlate them with the aging process in a material, several fatigue tests were performed on unnotched and notched specimens under cyclic loading at room and elevated temperatures, as well as under various media conditions, such as distilled water and reactor pressure vessel boiling water (BWR) conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app112311405
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adding Flavor to Beverages with Non-Conventional Yeasts
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-02-26), p. 15-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-02-26), p. 15-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation4010015
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813985-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microstructure-Based Lifetime Assessment of Austenitic Steel AISI 347 in View of Fatigue, Environmental Conditions and NDT
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 11214-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 11214-
    Abstract: The assessment of metallic materials used in power plants’ piping represents a big challenge due to the thermal transients and the environmental conditions to which they are exposed. At present, a lack of information related to degradation mechanisms in structures and materials is covered by safety factors in its design, and in some cases, the replacement of components is prescribed after a determined period of time without knowledge of the true degree of degradation. In the collaborative project “Microstructure-based assessment of maximum service life of nuclear materials and components exposed to corrosion and fatigue (MibaLeb)”, a methodology for the assessment of materials’ degradation is being developed, which combines the use of NDT techniques for materials characterization, an optimized fatigue lifetime analysis using short time evaluation procedures (STEPs) and numerical simulations. In this investigation, the AISI 347 (X6CrNiNb18-10) is being analyzed at different conditions in order to validate the methodology. Besides microstructural analysis, tensile and fatigue tests, all to characterize the material, a pressurized hot water pipe exposed to a series of flow conditions will be evaluated in terms of full-scale testing as well as prognostic evaluation, where the latter will be based on the materials’ data generated, which should prognose changes in the material’s condition, specifically in a pre-cracked stage. This paper provides an overview of the program, while the more material’s related aspects are presented in the subsequent paper.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app112311214
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficient Production of the PET Radionuclide 133La for Theranostic Purposes in Targeted Alpha Therapy Using the 134Ba(p,2n)133La Reaction
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2022-09-21), p. 1167-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2022-09-21), p. 1167-
    Abstract: Targeted Alpha Therapy is a research field of highest interest in specialized radionuclide therapy. Over the last decades, several alpha-emitting radionuclides have entered and left research topics towards their clinical translation. Especially, 225Ac provides all necessary physical and chemical properties for a successful clinical application, which has already been shown by [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. While PSMA-617 carries the DOTA moiety as the complexing agent, the chelator macropa as a macrocyclic alternative provides even more beneficial properties regarding labeling and complex stability in vivo. Lanthanum-133 is an excellent positron-emitting diagnostic lanthanide to radiolabel macropa-functionalized therapeutics since 133La forms a perfectly matched theranostic pair of radionuclides with the therapeutic radionuclide 225Ac, which itself can optimally be comp lexed by macropa as well. 133La was thus produced by cyclotron-based proton irradiation of an enriched 134Ba target. The target (30 mg of [134Ba]BaCO3) was irradiated for 60 min at 22 MeV and 10–15 µA beam current. Irradiation side products in the raw target solution were identified and quantified: 135La (0.4%), 135mBa (0.03%), 133mBa (0.01%), and 133Ba (0.0004%). The subsequent workup and anion-exchange-based product purification process took approx. 30 min and led to a total amount of (1.2–1.8) GBq (decay-corrected to end of bombardment) of 133La, formulated as [133La] LaCl3. After the complete decay of 133La, a remainder of ca. 4 kBq of long-lived 133Ba per 100 MBq of 133La was detected and rated as uncritical regarding personal dose and waste management. Subsequent radiolabeling was successfully performed with previously published macropa-derived PSMA inhibitors at a micromolar range (quantitative labeling at 1 µM) and evaluated by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC analyses. The scale-up to radioactivity amounts that are needed for clinical application purposes would be easy to achieve by increasing target mass, beam current, and irradiation time to produce 133La of high radionuclide purity ( 〉 99.5%) regarding labeling properties and side products.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph15101167
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Insights in Barium-131 as a Diagnostic Match for Radium-223: Cyclotron Production, Separation, Radiolabeling, and Imaging
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2020-09-25), p. 272-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2020-09-25), p. 272-
    Abstract: Barium-131 is a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-compatible radionuclide for nuclear medicine and a promising diagnostic match for radium-223/-224. Herein, we report on the sufficient production route 133Cs(p,3n)131Ba by using 27.5 MeV proton beams. An average of 190 MBq barium-131 per irradiation was obtained. The SR Resin-based purification process led to barium-131 in high radiochemical purity. An isotopic impurity of 0.01% barium-133 was detectable. For the first time, radiolabeling of the ligand macropa with barium-131 was performed. Radiolabeling methods under mild conditions and reaction controls based on TLC systems were successfully applied. Small animal SPECT/ computed tomography (CT) measurements and biodistribution studies were performed using [131Ba]Ba(NO3)2 as reference and 131Ba-labeled macropa in healthy mice for the first time. Biodistribution studies revealed the expected rapid bone uptake of [131Ba] Ba2+, whereas 131Ba-labeled macropa showed a fast clearance from the blood, thereby showing a significantly (p 〈 0.001) lower accumulation in the bone. We conclude that barium-131 is a promising SPECT radionuclide and delivers appropriate imaging qualities in small animals. Furthermore, the relative stability of the 131Ba-labeled macropa complex in vivo forms the basis for the development of sufficient new chelators, especially for radium isotopes. Thereby, barium-131 will attain its goal as a diagnostic match to the alpha emitters radium-223 and radium-224.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph13100272
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cyclotron-Based Production of 67Cu for Radionuclide Theranostics via the 70Zn(p,α)67Cu Reaction
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2023-02-17), p. 314-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2023-02-17), p. 314-
    Abstract: Theranostic matched pairs of radionuclides have aroused interest during the last couple of years, and in that sense, copper is one element that has a lot to offer, and although 61Cu and 64Cu are slowly being established as diagnostic radionuclides for PET, the availability of the therapeutic counterpart 67Cu plays a key role for further radiopharmaceutical development in the future. Until now, the 67Cu shortage has not been solved; however, different production routes are being explored. This project aims at the production of no-carrier-added 67Cu with high radionuclidic purity with a medical 30MeV compact cyclotron via the 70Zn(p,α)67Cu reaction. With this purpose, proton irradiation of electrodeposited 70Zn targets was performed followed by two-step radiochemical separation based on solid-phase extraction. Activities of up to 600MBq 67Cu at end of bombardment, with radionuclidic purities over 99.5% and apparent molar activities of up to 80MBq/nmol, were quantified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph16020314
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection of Fusarium Species in Clinical Specimens by Probe-Based Real-Time PCR
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2019-11-12), p. 105-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2019-11-12), p. 105-
    Abstract: The mold Fusarium is a ubiquitous fungus causing plant, animal and human infections. In humans, Fusarium spp. are the major cause of eye infections in patients wearing contact lenses or after local trauma. Systemic infections by Fusarium spp. mainly occur in immunosuppressed patients and can disseminate throughout the human body. Due to high levels of resistance to antifungals a fast identification of the causative agent is an urgent need. By using a probe-based real-time PCR assay specific for the genus Fusarium we analysed several different clinical specimens detecting Fusarium spp. commonly found in clinical samples in Germany. Also, a large collection of lung fluid samples of haematological patients was analysed (n = 243). In these, two samples (0.8%) were reproducibly positive, but only one could be confirmed by sequencing. For this case of probable invasive fungal disease (IFD) culture was positive for Fusarium species. Here we describe a rapid, probe-based real-time PCR assay to specifically detect DNA from a broad range of Fusarium species and its application to clinically relevant specimens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof5040105
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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