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  • 1
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2019-08-10), p. 879-
    Abstract: Tungsten-based materials are the prime candidate plasma-facing materials for future fusion reactors, such as DEMO. Spark plasma sintering is a prospective fabrication technology with several advantageous features. The concurrent application of electric current, temperature and pressure enhances the sintering process, allowing for lower temperatures and shorter sintering times than traditional powder metallurgy processes. This in turn helps to avoid excessive grain growth and phase segregation in W-alloys. This study is focused on several factors that may influence the homogeneity of the sintered compacts—namely the diffusion of carbon from the graphite die, purity of the powder and sintering conditions. The following characteristics of spark plasma-sintered tungsten compacts were studied: composition (especially carbon and oxygen content), porosity, mechanical properties (hardness and fracture strength), and thermal diffusivity. The effects of the abovementioned processing factors were quantified, and local variations of selected properties were assessed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Toxins Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-02-17), p. 155-
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-02-17), p. 155-
    Abstract: In dystonic and spastic movement disorders, however different in their pathophysiological mechanisms, a similar impairment of sensorimotor control with special emphasis on afferentation is assumed. Peripheral intervention on afferent inputs evokes plastic changes within the central sensorimotor system. Intramuscular application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a standard evidence-based treatment for both conditions. Apart from its peripheral action on muscle spindles, a growing body of evidence suggests that BoNT-A effects could also be mediated by changes at the central level including cerebral cortex. We review recent studies employing electrophysiology and neuroimaging to investigate how intramuscular application of BoNT-A influences cortical reorganization. Based on such data, BoNT-A becomes gradually accepted as a promising tool to correct the maladaptive plastic changes within the sensorimotor cortex. In summary, electrophysiology and especially neuroimaging studies with BoNT-A further our understanding of pathophysiology underlying dystonic and spastic movement disorders and may consequently help develop novel treatment strategies based on neural plasticity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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