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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bone Matrix Levels of Dickkopf and Sclerostin are Positively Correlated with Bone Mass and Strength in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-14), p. 2896-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-14), p. 2896-
    Abstract: Wnt signaling plays a pivotal role in maintaining bone mass. Secreted pathway modulators such as sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopfs (DKKs) may influence bone mass inhibiting the canonical Wnt pathway. We evaluated whether bone protein content of secreted Wnt antagonists is related to age, bone mass, and strength in postmenopausal osteoporosis. We measured cortical and trabecular bone contents of SOST and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in combined extracts obtained after ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and guanidine hydrochloride extraction in 56 postmenopausal women aged 47–74 (mean, 63) yr with a previous distal forearm fracture and a hip or spine Z-score less than 0. Our findings were (i) SOST and DKK1 protein levels were higher in trabecular bone, (ii) cortical and trabecular DKK1 and trabecular SOST correlated positively with bone matrix levels of osteocalcin (r between 0.28 and 0.45, p 〈 0.05), (iii) cortical DKK1 correlated with lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (r = 0.32, p 〈 0.05) and femoral neck BMD (r = 0.41, p 〈 0.01), and (iv) cortical DKK1 and SOST correlated with apparent bone volumetric density and compressive strength (r between 0.34 and 0.51, p 〈 0.01). In conclusion, cortical bone matrix levels of DKK1 and SOST were positively correlated with bone mass and bone strength in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122896
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Omicron Variant Generates a Higher and More Sustained Viral Load in Nasopharynx and Saliva Than the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-10-31), p. 2420-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-10-31), p. 2420-
    Abstract: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 spreads more easily than earlier variants, possibly as a result of a higher viral load in the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity. Hence, we investigated whether the Omicron variant generates a higher viral load than that of the Delta variant in saliva and nasopharynx. Both specimens were collected from 52 Omicron and 17 Delta cases at two time points one week apart and analyzed by qRT-PCR. Viral load was measured as 10 log RNA genome copies per 1000 human cells according to the WHO reference standard. We found that Omicron cases carried a higher viral load and had more sustained viral shedding compared to the Delta cases, especially in the nasopharynx.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14112420
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fatty Acids Composition and HIV Infection: Altered Levels of n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Disease Progression
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Viruses Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2023-07-23), p. 1613-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2023-07-23), p. 1613-
    Abstract: Fatty acids (FAs) are important regulators of immune responses and innate defense mechanisms. We hypothesized that disturbed FA metabolism could contribute to the progression of HIV infection. Plasma levels of 45 FAs were analyzed with gas chromatography in healthy controls and HIV-infected patients with regard to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. In vitro, we assessed MAC-PPD-induced release of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral and bone marrow mononuclear cells (PBMC and BMMC) according to levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). While plasma saturated FAs were higher in HIV infection, PUFAs, and in particular the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA), were lower in patients with advanced disease. The ratio between AA and precursor dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, reflecting Δ5-desaturase activity, was markedly lower and inversely correlated with plasma HIV RNA levels in these patients. Depletion of AA was observed prior to MAC infection, and MAC-PPD-induced release of TNF and IL-6 in PBMC and BMMC was lower in patients with low plasma AA. Our findings suggest that dysregulated metabolism of n-6 PUFAs may play a role in the progression of HIV infection. While high AA may contribute to chronic inflammation in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients, low AA seems to increase the susceptibility to MAC infection in patients with advanced disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v15071613
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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