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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Caloric Restriction with Protein Supplementation on Plasma Protein Profiles in Middle-Aged Women with Metabolic Syndrome—A Preliminary Open Study
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2019-02-06), p. 195-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2019-02-06), p. 195-
    Abstract: Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that higher protein intake based on caloric restriction (CR) alleviates metabolic abnormalities. However, no study has examined the effects of plasma protein profiles on caloric restriction with protein supplementation (CRPS) in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, using a proteomic perspective, this pilot study investigated whether CRPS ameliorated metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS in middle-aged women. Methods: Plasma samples of middle-aged women with MetS in CR (n = 7) and CRPS (n = 6) groups for a 12-week intervention were obtained and their protein profiles were analysed. Briefly, blood samples from qualified participants were drawn before and after the dietary treatment. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical variables were measured and correlated with plasma proteomics. Results: In results, we found that body mass index, total body fat, and fasting blood glucose decreased significantly after the interventions but were not different between the CR and CRPS groups. After liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, the relative plasma levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), C4b-binding protein alpha chain (C4BPA), complement C1r subcomponent-like protein (C1RL), complement component C6 (C6), complement component C8 gamma chain (C8G), and vitamin K-dependent protein S (PROS) were significantly different between the CRPS and CR groups. These proteins are involved in inflammation, the immune system, and coagulation responses. Moreover, blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly and positively correlated with C6 plasma levels in both groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CRPS improves inflammatory responses in middle-aged women with MetS. Specific plasma protein expression (i.e., A2M, C4BPA, C1RL, C6, C8G, and PROS) associated with the complement system was highly correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids (BLs), and body fat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020195
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    A Novel Relative High-Density Lipoprotein Index to Predict the Structural Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein and Its Ability to Inhibit Endothelial–Mesenchymal Transition
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2021-05-14), p. 5210-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2021-05-14), p. 5210-
    Abstract: Therapeutic elevation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is thought to minimize atherogenesis in subjects with dyslipidemia. However, this is not the case in clinical practice. The function of HDL is not determined by its concentration in the plasma but by its specific structural components. We previously identified an index for the prediction of HDL functionality, relative HDL (rHDL) index, and preliminarily explored that dysfunctional HDL (rHDL index value 〉 2) failed to rescue the damage to endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). To confirm the effectiveness of the rHDL index for predicting HDL functions, here we evaluated the effects of HDL from patients with different rHDL index values on the endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) of EPCs. We also analyzed the lipid species in HDL with different rHDL index values and investigated the structural differences that affect HDL functions. The results indicate that HDL from healthy adults and subjects with an rHDL index value 〈 2 protected transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-stimulated EndoMT by modulating Smad2/3 and Snail activation. HDL from subjects with an rHDL index value 〉 2 failed to restore the functionality of TGF-β1-treated EPCs. Lipidomic analysis demonstrated that HDL with different rHDL index values may differ in the composition of triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol. In conclusion, we confirmed the applicability of the rHDL index value to predict HDL function and found structural differences that may affect the function of HDL, which warrants further in-depth studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105210
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Synthetic Fluororutaecarpine Inhibits Inflammatory Stimuli and Activates Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-Type 1
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Molecules Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2017-04-19), p. 656-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2017-04-19), p. 656-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040656
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    An Index Combining Lost and Remaining Nerve Fibers Correlates with Pain Hypersensitivity in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cells Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-04), p. 2414-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-04), p. 2414-
    Abstract: Multiple peripheral nerves are known to degenerate after nerve compression injury but the correlation between the extent of nerve alteration and pain severity remains unclear. Here, we used intravital two-photon fluorescence microscopy to longitudinally observe changes in cutaneous fibers in the hind paw of Nav1.8-Cre-tdTomato mice after chronic constriction injury (CCI). Results showed that the CCI led to variable loss of the skin nerve plexus and intraepidermal nerve fibers. The timing of Nav1.8 nerve fiber loss correlated with the development of mechanical hypersensitivity. We compared a scoring approach that assessed whole-paw nerve degeneration with an index that quantified changes in the nerve plexus and terminals in multiple small regions of interest (ROI) from intravital images of the third and fifth toe tips. We found that the number of surviving nerve fibers was not linearly correlated with mechanical hypersensitivity. On the contrary, at 14 days after CCI, the moderately injured mice showed greater mechanical hypersensitivity than the mildly or severely injured mice. This indicates that both surviving and injured nerves are required for evoked neuropathic pain. In addition, these two methods may have the estimative effect as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the assessment of neuropathic pain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells9112414
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Splice-Site Variants in the Gene Encoding GABA-A Receptor Delta Subunit Are Associated with Amphetamine Use in Patients under Methadone Maintenance Treatment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 721-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 721-
    Abstract: Chronic opioid use disorder patients often also use other substances such as amphetamines. The gene-based analysis method was applied in the genomic database obtained from our previous study with 343 methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients. We found that the gene encoding gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA-A receptor) delta subunit isoforms (GABRD) was associated with amphetamine use in heroin dependent patients under MMT in Taiwan. A total of 15% of the 343 MMT patients tested positive for amphetamine in the urine toxicology test. Two genetic variants in the GABRD, rs2889475 and rs2376805, were found to be associated with the positive urine amphetamine test. They are located in the exon 1 of the splice variant and altered amino acid compositions (T126I, C/T, for rs2889475, and R252Q, G/A, for rs2376805). The CC genotype carriers of rs2889475 showed a four times higher risk of amphetamine use than those with TT genotype. The GG genotype carriers of rs2376805 showed a three times higher risk of amphetamine use than the AA genotype carriers. To our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrated an association of the delta splice variant isoform in the GABA-A receptor with an increased risk of amphetamine use in MMT patients. Our results suggest that rs2889475 and rs2376805 may be indicators for the functional role and risk of amphetamine use in MMT patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010721
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Clinical Manifestation, Management, and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Acute Encephalitis: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-07-31), p. 1230-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-07-31), p. 1230-
    Abstract: Introduction: Vaccination is one of the best strategies to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and multiple vaccines have been introduced. A variety of neurological adverse effects have been noted after the implementation of large-scale vaccination programs. Methods: We reported two rare cases of possible mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced acute encephalitis, including clinical manifestations, laboratory characteristics, and management. Results: The clinical manifestations might be related to hyperproduction of systemic and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines. mRNA vaccines are comprised of nucleoside-modified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA, which is translated into SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by the host’s ribosomes, activating the adaptive immune response. Exposed mRNA or vaccine components may also be detected as antigens, further resulting in aberrant proinflammatory cytokine cascades and activation of immune signaling pathways. Both patients exhibited significant clinical improvement after a course of steroid therapy. Conclusions: The use of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent and control SARS-CoV-2 infections and complications is the most practicable policy worldwide. However, inaccurate diagnosis or other diagnostic delays in cases of vaccine-induced acute encephalitis may have devastating and potentially life-threatening consequences for patients. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can result in a favorable prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081230
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Association of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Prior Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism: A Case–Control Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-08), p. 602-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-08), p. 602-
    Abstract: Prior studies suggest a possible association between thyroid disease and the subsequent development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), although it remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association of AMD with prior hyper-/hypothyroidism based on nationwide population-based data. We retrieved records of the study patients from the National Health Insurance Research Database, 7522 patients with a first-time diagnosis of AMD and 7522 propensity score-matched controls. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association of neovascular AMD with previously diagnosed hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. The Chi-square test shows that there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of prior hyperthyroidism between cases and controls (1.18 vs. 0.13%, p 〈 0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference the prevalence of prior hypothyroidism between cases and controls (0.44 vs. 0.69%, p 〈 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis reveals that AMD was statistically and significantly associated with prior hyperthyroidism after adjusting for age, sex, monthly income, geographical location, urbanization level, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and coronary heart disease (odds ratio (OR) = 9.074, 95% CI = 4.713–17.471). The adjusted OR of prior hypothyroidism in patients with AMD was 3.794 (95% CI: 2.099~6.858) when compared to the controls. We conclude that patients with thyroid dysfunction are at higher risk of developing AMD Results suggest that these patients could benefit from proactive regular eye checkups to detect evolving eye pathology, even while vision remains normal during the initial phases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040602
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Skin Surface Dose for Whole Breast Radiotherapy Using Personalized Breast Holder: Comparison with Various Radiotherapy Techniques and Clinical Experiences
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 13 ( 2022-06-30), p. 3205-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 13 ( 2022-06-30), p. 3205-
    Abstract: Purpose: Breast immobilization with personalized breast holder (PERSBRA) is a promising approach for normal organ protection during whole breast radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the skin surface dose for breast radiotherapy with PERSBRA using different radiotherapy techniques. Materials and methods: We designed PERSBRA with three different mesh sizes (large, fine and solid) and applied them on an anthropomorphic(Rando) phantom. Treatment planning was generated using hybrid, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques to deliver a prescribed dose of 5000 cGy in 25 fractions accordingly. Dose measurement with EBT3 film and TLD were taken on Rando phantom without PERSBRA, large mesh, fine mesh and solid PERSBRA for (a) tumor doses, (b) surface doses for medial field and lateral field irradiation undergoing hybrid, IMRT, VMAT techniques. Results: The tumor dose deviation was less than five percent between the measured doses of the EBT3 film and the TLD among the different techniques. The application of a PERSBRA was associated with a higher dose of the skin surface. A large mesh size of PERSBRA was associated with a lower surface dose. The findings were consistent among hybrid, IMRT, or VMAT techniques. Conclusions: Breast immobilization with PERSBRA can reduce heart toxicity but leads to a build-up of skin surface doses, which can be improved with a larger mesh design for common radiotherapy techniques.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133205
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Significance of the Modified NUTRIC Score for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 198-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 198-
    Abstract: Nutritional status could affect clinical outcomes in critical patients. We aimed to determine the prognostic accuracy of the modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score for hospital mortality and treatment outcomes in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) compared to other clinical prediction rules. We enrolled SCAP patients in a multi-center setting retrospectively. The mNUTRIC score and clinical prediction rules for pneumonia, as well as clinical factors, were calculated and recorded. Clinical outcomes, including mortality status and treatment outcome, were assessed after the patient was discharged. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the prognostic accuracy of the mNUTRIC score for predicting clinical outcomes compared to clinical prediction rules, while 815 SCAP patients were enrolled. ROC curve analysis showed that the mNUTRIC score was the most effective at predicting each clinical outcome and had the highest area under the ROC curve value. The cut-off value for predicting clinical outcomes was 5.5. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the mNUTRIC score was also an independent predictor of both clinical outcomes in SCAP patients. We concluded that the mNUTRIC score is a better prognostic factor for predicting clinical outcomes in SCAP patients compared to other clinical prediction rules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14010198
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Aldosterone Excess Induced Mitochondria Decrease and Dysfunction via Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Oxidative Stress In Vitro and In Vivo
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2021-08-02), p. 946-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2021-08-02), p. 946-
    Abstract: Aldosterone excess plays a major role in the progression of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in clinical diseases such as primary aldosteronism and heart failure. However, the effect of aldosterone excess on cardiac mitochondria is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of aldosterone excess on cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and its mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. We used H9c2 cardiomyocytes to investigate the effect and mechanism of aldosterone excess on cardiac mitochondria, and further investigated them in an aldosterone-infused ICR mice model. The results of the cell study showed that aldosterone excess decreased mitochondrial DNA, COX IV and SOD2 protein expressions, and mitochondria ATP production. These effects were abolished or attenuated by treatment with a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist and antioxidant. With regard to the signal transduction pathway, aldosterone suppressed cardiac mitochondria through an MR/MAPK/p38/reactive oxygen species pathway. In the mouse model, aldosterone infusion decreased the amount of cardiac mitochondrial DNA and COX IV protein, and the effects were also attenuated by treatment with an MR antagonist and antioxidant. In conclusion, aldosterone excess induced a decrease in mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction via MRs and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080946
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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