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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Maternal Gut Microbiota-Targeted Therapy on the Programming of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Dams and Fetuses, Related to a Prenatal High-Fat Diet
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 4004-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 4004-
    Abstract: Metabolic disorders can start in utero. Maternal transmission of metabolic phenotypes may increase the risks of adverse metabolic outcomes, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); effective intervention is essential to prevent this. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in fat storage, energy metabolism, and NAFLD. We investigated the therapeutic use of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and postbiotic butyrate gestation in the prevention of perinatal high-fat diet-induced programmed hepatic steatosis in the offspring of pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats who received regular chow or a high-fat (HF) diet 8 weeks before mating. L. reuteri or sodium butyrate was administered via oral gavage to the gestated rats until their sacrifice on day 21 of gestation. Both treatments improved liver steatosis in pregnant dams; L. reuteri had a superior effect. L. reuteri ameliorated obesity and altered the metabolic profiles of obese gravid dams. Maternal L. reuteri therapy prevented maternal HF diet-induced fetal liver steatosis, and reformed placental remodeling and oxidative injury. Probiotic therapy can restore lipid dysmetabolism in the fetal liver, modulate nutrient-sensing molecules in the placenta, and mediate the short-chain fatty acid signaling cascade. The therapeutic effects of maternal L. reuteri on maternal NAFLD and NAFLD reprogramming in offspring should be validated for further clinical translation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14194004
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Osteoblast Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Effects Using 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphocholine-Grafted Stainless-Steel Composite for Implant Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-06-28), p. 939-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-06-28), p. 939-
    Abstract: Poor osteogenesis and bacterial infections lead to an implant failure, so the enhanced osteogenic and antimicrobial activity of the implantable device is of great importance in orthopedic applications. In this study, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphocholine (MPC) was grafted onto 316L stainless steel (SS) using a facile photo-induced radical graft polymerization method via a benzophenone (BP) photo initiator. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to determine the nanoscale morphological changes on the surface. The grafted BP-MPC layer was estimated to be tens of nanometers thick. The SS-BP-MPC composite was more hydrophilic and smoother than the untreated and BP-treated SS samples. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria binding onto the SS-BP-MPC composite film surface was significantly reduced compared with the pristine SS and SS-BP samples. Mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells showed good adhesion on the MPC-modified samples and better proliferation and metabolic activity (73% higher) than the pristine SS sample. Biological studies revealed that grafting MPC onto the SS substrate enhanced the antibacterial efficiency and also retained osteoblast biocompatibility. This proposed procedure is promising for use with other implant materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9070939
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparing Ozonation and Biofiltration Treatment of Source Water with High Cyanobacteria-Derived Organic Matter: The Case of a Water Treatment Plant Followed by a Small-Scale Water Distribution System
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2018-11-24), p. 2633-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2018-11-24), p. 2633-
    Abstract: High cyanobacteria-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in source water can cause drinking water quality to deteriorate, producing bad taste, odor, toxins, and possibly elevated levels of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors. Conventional water treatment processes do not effectively remove algal organic substances. In this study, rapid-sand-filtration effluent from a water treatment plant on Kinmen Island, where serious cyanobacterial blooms occurred, was used to evaluate the DOC- and DBP-removal efficiency of ozonation and/or biofiltration. To simulate a small-scale water distribution system following water treatment, 24 h simulated distribution system (SDS) tests were conducted. The following DBPs were analyzed: trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), and trichloronitromethane (TCNM). Applying biological activated-carbon filtration (BAC) on its own achieved the greatest reduction in SDS-DBPs. Ozonation alone caused adverse effects by promoting THM, HAA, and TCNM formation. Ozonation and BAC filtration yielded better DOC removal (51%) than BAC filtration alone (41%). Considering the cost of ozonation, we suggest that when treating high cyanobacterial organic matter in water destined for a small-scale water distribution system, BAC biofiltration alone could be an efficient, economical option for reducing DBP precursors. If DOC removal needs to be improved, preceding ozonation could be incorporated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122633
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Systematic Review of Diagnostic Sensors for Intra-Abdominal Pressure Monitoring
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 14 ( 2021-07-15), p. 4824-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 14 ( 2021-07-15), p. 4824-
    Abstract: Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is defined as the steady-state pressure within the abdominal cavity. Elevated IAP has been implicated in many medical complications. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art in innovative sensors for the measurement of IAP. A systematic review was conducted on studies on the development and application of IAP sensors. Publications from 2010 to 2021 were identified by performing structured searches in databases, review articles, and major textbooks. Sixteen studies were eligible for the final systematic review. Of the 16 articles that describe the measurement of IAP, there were 5 in vitro studies (31.3%), 7 in vivo studies (43.7%), and 4 human trials (25.0%). In addition, with the advancement of wireless communication technology, an increasing number of wireless sensing systems have been developed. Among the studies in this review, five presented wireless sensing systems (31.3%) to monitor IAP. In this systematic review, we present recent developments in different types of intra-abdominal pressure sensors and discuss their inherent advantages due to their small size, remote monitoring, and multiplexing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21144824
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optical Imaging Deformation Inspection and Quality Level Determination of Multifocal Glasses
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2023-05-05), p. 4497-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2023-05-05), p. 4497-
    Abstract: Multifocal glasses are a new type of lens that can fit both nearsighted and farsighted vision on the same lens. This property allows the glass to have various curvatures in distinct regions within the glass during the grinding process. However, when the curvature varies irregularly, the glass is prone to optical deformation during imaging. Most of the previous studies on imaging deformation focus on the deformation correction of optical lenses. Consequently, this research uses an automatic deformation defect detection system for multifocal glasses to replace professional assessors. To quantify the grade of deformation of curved multifocal glasses, we first digitally imaged a pattern of concentric circles through a test glass to generate an imaged image of the glass. Second, we preprocess the image to enhance the clarity of the concentric circles’ appearance. A centroid-radius model is used to represent the form variation properties of every circle in the processed image. Third, the deviation of the centroid radius for detecting deformation defects is found by a slight deviation control scheme, and we gain a difference image indicating the detected deformed regions after comparing it with the norm pattern. Fourth, based on the deformation measure and occurrence location of multifocal glasses, we build fuzzy membership functions and inference regulations to quantify the deformation’s severity. Finally, a mixed model incorporating a network-based fuzzy inference and a genetic algorithm is applied to determine a quality grade for the deformation severity of detected defects. Testing outcomes show that the proposed methods attain a 94% accuracy rate of the quality levels for deformation severity, an 81% recall rate of deformation defects, and an 11% false positive rate for multifocal glass detection. This research contributes solutions to the problems of imaging deformation inspection and provides computer-aided systems for determining quality levels that meet the demands of inspection and quality control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23094497
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Maternal Iron Deficiency Programs Offspring Cognition and Its Relationship with Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Metabolites
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 17 ( 2020-08-20), p. 6070-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 17 ( 2020-08-20), p. 6070-
    Abstract: Iron is an essential micronutrient for the brain development of the fetus. Altered intestinal microbiota might affect behavior and cognition through the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. We used a Sprague-Dawley rat model of a maternal low-iron diet to explore the changes in cognition, dorsal hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and related pathways, gut microbiota, and related metabolites in adult male offspring. We established maternal iron-deficient rats by feeding them a low-iron diet (2.9 mg/kg), while the control rats were fed a standard diet (52.3 mg/kg). We used a Morris water maze test to assess spatial learning and long-term memory. Western blot (WB) assays and a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the BDNF concentration and related signaling pathways. We collected fecal samples for microbiota profiling and measured the concentrations of plasma short-chain fatty acids. The adult male offspring of maternal rats fed low-iron diets before pregnancy, during pregnancy and throughout the lactation period had (1) spatial deficits, (2) a decreased BDNF mRNA expression and protein concentrations, accompanied by a decreased TrkB protein abundance, (3) a decreased plasma acetate concentration, and (4) an enrichment of the Bacteroidaceae genus Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae genus Marvinbryantia. Maternal iron deficiency leads to an offspring spatial deficit and is associated with alternations in gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176070
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel KCNH2 S981fs Mutation Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing Is Associated with Type 2 Long QT Syndrome
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 16 ( 2023-08-13), p. 12742-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 16 ( 2023-08-13), p. 12742-
    Abstract: KCNH2 loss-of-function mutations cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2), an inherited cardiac disorder associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Through whole-exome sequencing, we discovered a novel AGCGACAC deletion (S981fs) in the hERG gene of an LQT2 patient. Using a heterologous expression system and patch clamping, we found that the mutant K channel had reduced cell surface expression and lower current amplitude compared to the wild type. However, functional expression was restored by lowering temperature and using potassium channel inhibitors or openers (E4031, cisapride, nicorandil). Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the assembly of mutant proteins with wild-type hERG. Confocal imaging showed decreased hERG distribution on the cell membrane in cells expressing S981fs. Notably, treatment with G418 significantly increased hERG current in wild-type/S981fs heterozygotes. In conclusion, our study identifies a novel hERG mutation leading to impaired Kv11.1 function due to trafficking and nonsense-mediated RNA decay defects. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying LQT2 and offer potential therapeutic avenues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612742
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Proton Beam Therapy in Managing Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bile Duct Invasion
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-03-23), p. 1616-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-03-23), p. 1616-
    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct invasion is a rare and notorious subtype of HCC. This study included patients that had unresectable HCC with bile duct invasion and proton beam therapy between November 2015 and February 2021. Twenty patients fit the inclusion criteria. The median tumor size was 6.3 cm. Nine patients (45.0%) had major vascular invasions. All included patients received the radiation dose of 72.6 gray relative biological effectiveness due to the proximity of porta hepatis and tumor. The median follow-up time was 19.9 months. The median overall survival was 19.9 months among deceased patients. The 1-year cumulative local recurrence rates were 5.3%, with only two patients developing in-field failure. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 79.4% and 53.3%. The 1-year progression-free survival was 58.9%. Four patients developed radiation-induced liver disease. The 1-year cholangitis-free survival was 55.0%. Skin toxicity was the most common acute toxicity and rarely severe. Eight patients developed ≤ grade 3 gastrointestinal ulcers. Proton beam therapy offers desirable survival outcomes for unresectable HCC patients with bile duct invasion. Optimal local tumor control could also be obtained within acceptable toxicities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071616
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    An Automatic Platform Based on Nanostructured Microfluidic Chip for Isolating and Identification of Circulating Tumor Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2021-04-21), p. 473-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2021-04-21), p. 473-
    Abstract: Circulating tumor cell (CTC) test is currently used as a biomarker in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the poor reproducibility and limited sensitivity with the CTC detection have limited its potential impact on clinical application. A reliable automated CTC detection system is therefore needed. We have designed an automated microfluidic chip-based CTC detection system and hypothesize this novel system can reliably detect CTC from clinical specimens. SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line was used first to test the reliability of our system. Ten healthy volunteers, 5 patients with benign ovarian tumors, and 8 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) were recruited to validate the CTC capturing efficacy in the peripheral blood. The capture rates for spiking test in SKOV3 cells were 48.3% and 89.6% by using anti-EpCAM antibody alone and a combination of anti-EpCAM antibody and anti-N-cadherin antibody, respectively. The system was sensitive to detection of low cell count and showed a linear relationship with the cell counts in our test range. The sensitivity and specificity were 62.5% and 100% when CTC was used as a biomarker for EOC. Our results demonstrated that this automatic CTC platform has a high capture rate and is feasible for detection of CTCs in EOC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi12050473
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 10
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    The Impact of b/tsDMARD Dose Reduction on Chronic Hepatitis B in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Two-Center Long-Term Safety Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 86-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 86-
    Abstract: Background: We aimed to investigate the change of hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral loads and HBV reactivation (HBVr) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after tapering the dose of biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs). Methods: This two-center analysis retrospectively investigated the virological and biochemical evidence of HBVr in RA patients who underwent b/tsDMARD dose reduction. Serum levels of viral loads were determined using real-time PCR. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) were determined using spectrophotometry. Results: Among a total of 40 HBsAg+ RA patients who tapered b/tsDMARDs, 14 (35%) used tocilizumab; 12 (30%) used tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors; and the rest used either abatacept or tofacitinib. We found that patients who had detectable HBV DNA before tapering achieved a one-log reduction in HBV DNA levels, in contrast to the findings in the other 12 patients who did not taper b/tsDMARDs (no change in HBV DNA levels with time). The incidence of HBVr (increased viral loads with hepatitis) was 4.62 (95%CI: 2.08, 10.28) and 2.26 (95%CI: 0.56, 9.02) events per 100 person-years before and after b/tsDMARD tapering, respectively. Conclusions: The HBV viral load decreased after the tapering of b/tsDMARDs in RA patients with detectable HBV DNA. Dose reduction in b/tsDMARDs might be beneficial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010086
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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