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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prediction of Yield Productivity Zones from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2A/B and Their Evaluation Using Farm Machinery Measurements
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-06-13), p. 1917-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-06-13), p. 1917-
    Abstract: Yield is one of the primary concerns for any farmer since it is a key to economic prosperity. Yield productivity zones—that is to say, areas with the same yield level within fields over the long-term—are a form of derived (predicted) data from periodic remote sensing, in this study according to the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The delineation of yield productivity zones can (a) increase economic prosperity and (b) reduce the environmental burden by employing site-specific crop management practices which implement advanced geospatial technologies that respect soil heterogeneity. This paper presents yield productivity zone identification and computing based on Sentinel-2A/B and Landsat 8 multispectral satellite data and also quantifies the success rate of yield prediction in comparison to the measured yield data. Yield data on spring barley, winter wheat, corn, and oilseed rape were measured with a spatial resolution of up to several meters directly by a CASE IH harvester in the field. The yield data were available from three plots in three years on the Rostěnice Farm in the Czech Republic, with an overall acreage of 176 hectares. The presented yield productivity zones concept was found to be credible for the prediction of yield, including its geospatial variations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12121917
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Flying Laboratory of Imaging Systems: Fusion of Airborne Hyperspectral and Laser Scanning for Ecosystem Research
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-15), p. 3130-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-15), p. 3130-
    Abstract: Synergies of optical, thermal and laser scanning remotely sensed data provide valuable information to study the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. One of the few fully operational airborne multi-sensor platforms for ecosystem research in Europe is the Flying Laboratory of Imaging Systems (FLIS), operated by the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The system consists of three commercial imaging spectroradiometers. One spectroradiometer covers the visible and near-infrared, and the other covers the shortwave infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. These two provide full spectral data between 380–2450 nm, mainly for the assessment of biochemical properties of vegetation, soil and water. The third spectroradiometer covers the thermal long-wave infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum and allows for mapping of surface emissivity and temperature properties. The fourth instrument onboard is the full waveform laser scanning system, which provides data on landscape orography and 3D structure. Here, we describe the FLIS design, data acquisition plan and primary data pre-processing. The synchronous acquisition of multiple data sources provides a complex analytical and data framework for the assessment of vegetation ecosystems (such as plant species composition, plant functional traits, biomass and carbon stocks), as well as for studying the role of greenery or blue-green infrastructure on the thermal behaviour of urban systems. In addition, the FLIS airborne infrastructure supports calibration and validation activities for existing and upcoming satellite missions (e.g., FLEX, PRISMA).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15123130
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards the Development and Verification of a 3D-Based Advanced Optimized Farm Machinery Trajectory Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2021-04-23), p. 2980-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2021-04-23), p. 2980-
    Abstract: Efforts related to minimizing the environmental burden caused by agricultural activities and increasing economic efficiency are key contemporary drivers in the precision agriculture domain. Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) techniques are being applied against soil compaction creation, using the on-line optimization of trajectory planning for soil-sensitive field operations. The research presented in this paper aims at a proof-of-concept solution with respect to optimizing farm machinery trajectories in order to minimize the environmental burden and increase economic efficiency. As such, it further advances existing CTF solutions by including (1) efficient plot divisions in 3D, (2) the optimization of entry and exit points of both plot and plot segments, (3) the employment of more machines in parallel and (4) obstacles in a farm machinery trajectory. The developed algorithm is expressed in terms of unified modeling language (UML) activity diagrams as well as pseudo-code. Results were visualized in 2D and 3D to demonstrate terrain impact. Verifications were conducted at a fully operational commercial farm (Rostěnice, the Czech Republic) against second-by-second sensor measurements of real farm machinery trajectories.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21092980
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Disaster Risk Reduction in Agriculture through Geospatial (Big) Data Processing
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 6, No. 8 ( 2017-08-06), p. 238-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 8 ( 2017-08-06), p. 238-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi6080238
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fecal Microbiome Changes and Specific Anti-Bacterial Response in Patients with IBD during Anti-TNF Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cells Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-11-16), p. 3188-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-11-16), p. 3188-
    Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that have been linked to microbiome dysbiosis and immune system dysregulation. We investigated the longitudinal effect of anti-TNF therapy on gut microbiota composition and specific immune response to commensals in IBD patients. The study included 52 patients tracked over 38 weeks of therapy and 37 healthy controls (HC). To characterize the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, we used amplicon sequencing of the V3V4 region of 16S rRNA for the bacterial community and of the ITS1 region for the fungal community. We measured total antibody levels as well as specific antibodies against assorted gut commensals by ELISA. We found diversity differences between HC, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis patients. The bacterial community of patients with IBD was more similar to HC at the study endpoint, suggesting a beneficial shift in the microbiome in response to treatment. We identified factors such as disease severity, localization, and surgical intervention that significantly contribute to the observed changes in the gut bacteriome. Furthermore, we revealed increased IgM levels against specific gut commensals after anti-TNF treatment. In summary, this study, with its longitudinal design, brings insights into the course of anti-TNF therapy in patients with IBD and correlates the bacterial diversity with disease severity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells10113188
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agroforestry in the Czech Republic: What Hampers the Comeback of a Once Traditional Land Use System?
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-28), p. 69-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-28), p. 69-
    Abstract: The interest in re-implementing agroforestry (AF) in European agriculture due to its environmental benefits has been growing exponentially. We reviewed the historical background and the current state (extent, farmers’ perception, legislative support, and barriers) to evaluate the future perspectives of AF in Czechia by identifying the key factors hampering further extension. Our results confirmed that AF almost disappeared after the middle of the 19th century due to agricultural intensification and collectivization. Currently, AF is not defined in the Czech legislation and no modern AF has been encountered by this study. Areas falling into AF definition recently comprise only traditional AF (less than 1% of agricultural area remaining) represented only by silvopastoral AF. The results of a farmers’ survey indicated that despite relatively high interest in AF, excessive bureaucratization, high costs of establishment and uncertain profitability are severe concerns among farmers. We therefore conclude that there is a lack of legal recognition and marginalization of AF as the key obstacles of low adoption rates. We suggest that systematic support beyond subsidies should include raising awareness, research, policy, legislation changes, training, and advisory service, as a cornerstone for progressive development of AF and thus conservation and creation of economically and environmentally sound landscapes throughout Czechia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12010069
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proximal Tibia Tumour Location and Curettage Are Major Risk Factors of Local Recurrence in Giant Cell Tumour of Bone
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-21), p. 4664-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-21), p. 4664-
    Abstract: Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is one of the most common local aggressive tumourous lesions with a wide variety of biological behaviour. However, there are no clear indicative criteria when choosing the type of procedure and the complication rates remain high, especially in terms of local recurrence. The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the main risk factors for local recurrence, (2) evaluate the recurrence-free survival in dependence on neoadjuvant denosumab use and the type of procedure, and (3) compare the functional outcomes after curettage and en bloc resection. The group included 102 patients with GCTB treated between 2006 and 2020. The mean age of patients was 34.4 years (15–79). The follow-up period was 8.32 years (2–16) on average. Local recurrence occurred in 14 patients (29.8%) who underwent curettage and in 5 patients (10.6%) after en bloc resection. Curettage was shown to be a factor in increasing recurrence rates (OR = 3.64 [95% CI: 1.19–11.15]; p = 0.023). Tibial location was an independent risk factor for local recurrence regardless of the type of surgery (OR = 3.22 [95% CI: 1.09–9.48] ; p = 0.026). The recurrence-free survival rate of patients treated with resection and denosumab was higher compared to other treatments at five years postoperatively (p = 0.0307). Functional ability and pain as reported by patients at the latest follow-up were superior after curettage compared to resection for upper and lower extremity (mean difference: −4.00 [95% CI: –6.81 to −1.18]; p 〈 0.001 and mean difference: −5.36 [95% CI: −3.74 to −6.97]; p 〈 0.001, respectively). Proximal tibia tumour location and curettage were shown to be major risk factors for local recurrence in GCTB regardless of neoadjuvant denosumab treatment. The recurrence-free survival rate of patients treated with resection and denosumab was higher compared to other treatments. The functional outcome of patients after curettage was better compared to en bloc resection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184664
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 8
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    Outcomes of Intercalary Endoprostheses as a Treatment for Metastases in the Femoral and Humeral Diaphysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Current Oncology Vol. 29, No. 5 ( 2022-05-13), p. 3519-3530
    Details
    In: Current Oncology, MDPI AG, Vol. 29, No. 5 ( 2022-05-13), p. 3519-3530
    Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implant survival, functional score and complications of intercalary endoprostheses implanted for metastatic involvement of the femoral and humeral diaphysis. Methods: The selected group covered patients with bone metastasis who were surgically treated with an intercalary endoprosthesis between 2012 and 2021. The functional outcome was evaluated with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system, and complications were evaluated by using the failure classification for prosthetics designed by Henderson. Results: The mean follow-up was 29.8 months. In our group of 25 patients with 27 intercalary endoprostheses (18 femurs, 9 humeri), there were 7 implant-related complications (25.9%), which were more common on the humerus (4 cases, 44.4%) than on the femur (3 cases, 16.7%). Only type II failure—aseptic loosening (5 cases, 18.5%)—and type III failure—structural failure (2 cases, 7.4%)—occurred. There was a significantly higher risk of aseptic loosening of the endoprosthesis in the humerus compared with that in the femur (odds ratio 13.79, 95% confidence interval 1.22–151.05, p = 0.0297). The overall cumulative implant survival was 92% 1 year after surgery and 72% 5 years after surgery. The average MSTS score was 82%. The MSTS score was significantly lower (p = 0.008) in the humerus (75.9%) than in the femur (84.8%). Conclusions: The resection of bone metastases and replacement with intercalary endoprosthesis has excellent immediate functional results with an acceptable level of complications in prognostically favourable patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1718-7729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050284
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2270777-3
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    New Target for Precision Medicine Treatment of Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone: Sunitinib Is Effective in the Treatment of Neoplastic Stromal Cells with Activated PDGFRβ Signaling
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-15), p. 3543-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-15), p. 3543-
    Abstract: Giant-cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is an intermediate type of primary bone tumor characterized by locally aggressive growth with metastatic potential. The aim of this study was to identify new druggable targets among the cell signaling molecules involved in GCTB tumorigenesis. Profiles of activated signaling proteins in fresh-frozen tumor samples and tumor-derived cell lines were determined using phosphoprotein arrays. Analysis of the obtained data revealed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) as potential targets, but only the PDGFR inhibitor sunitinib caused a considerable decrease in stromal cell viability in vitro. Furthermore, in the case of a 17-year-old patient suffering from GCTB, we showed that the addition of sunitinib to the standard treatment of GCTB with the monoclonal antibody denosumab resulted in the complete depletion of multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear stromal cells in the tumor tissue. To summarize, the obtained data showed that a specific receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pattern is activated in GCTB cells and plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Thus, activated RTKs and their downstream signaling pathways represent useful targets for precision treatment with low-molecular-weight inhibitors or with other types of modern biological therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143543
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Trophic Position of the Species and Site Trophic State Affect Diet Niche and Individual Specialization: From Apex Predator to Herbivore
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-08-10), p. 1113-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-08-10), p. 1113-
    Abstract: Intra-species variability in isotopic niches, specifically isotopic total niche width (ITNW), isotopic individual niche width (IINW), and isotopic individual specialization (IIS), was studied using an innovative approach without sacrificing the vertebrates. Stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) in four body tissues differing in isotopic half-life were analyzed from four freshwater fish species representing different trophic positions. ITNW was widest for the apex predator (European catfish) and narrowest for the obligate predator (Northern pike). IINW exhibited a polynomial trend for the European catfish, Northern pike, and Eurasian perch (mesopredator), decreasing with body mass and increasing again after exceeding a certain species-dependent body mass threshold. Thus, for ectotherms, apex predator status is linked rather to its size than to the species. In herbivores (rudd), IINW increased with body mass. The IIS of predators negatively correlated with site trophic state. Therefore, eutrophication can significantly change the foraging behavior of certain species. We assume that the observed trends will occur in other species at similar trophic positions in either aquatic or terrestrial systems. For confirmation, we recommend conducting a similar study on other species in different habitats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12081113
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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