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  • MDPI AG  (17)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A π-Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating Partial Discharge Sensor toward Power Transformers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 5849-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 5849-
    Abstract: Partial discharge (PD) ultrasonic detection is an early sign of the insolation defects of power transformers. The early diagnosis of PD requires the high sensitivity and reliability of ultrasonic sensing systems. For this purpose, a reformative PD ultrasonic sensing system based on phase-shifted FBG (PS-FBG) was demonstrated. By using PS-FBG as the ultrasonic sensing unit, the ultrasonic sensing system improved the response to the ultrasonic signal and overcame the electromagnetic noise. To compensate for the influence of temperature change on the ultrasonic sensing system, an automatic wavelength scanning demodulating method was carried out. The wavelength spanning strategy was optimized based on the principle of cross-correlation, in order to quicken the spanning. A PD detection test in the transformer oil was conducted, and the result shows that PS-FBG was 17.5 times more sensitive than PZT. Because of the better ultrasonic response, the proposed system was able to achieve the early diagnosis of insolation faults in a power transformer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15165849
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Co-Occurrence, Predictors, and Related Aggressive Behaviors of Cognitive and Emotional Relative Deprivation Based on Latent Class Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Behavioral Sciences Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-13), p. 586-
    Details
    In: Behavioral Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-13), p. 586-
    Abstract: Given the frequent occurrence of relative deprivation among adolescents and its negative effects, this study investigated relative deprivation among adolescents using a person-centered statistical technique (n = 1196; 565 girls). Latent class analysis identified three groups: low cognitive and emotional relative deprivation (Class 1, 33.78% of adolescents), high cognitive and low emotional relative deprivation (Class 2, 37.79% of adolescents), and high cognitive and emotional relative deprivation (Class 3, 28.43% of adolescents). Adolescents with low income and without parental accompaniment were more likely to be assigned to Classes 3 and 2. Compared with Class 1, Classes 3 and 2 had significant positive predictive effects on physical aggression, relational aggression, and overall aggressive behavior. The classes of relative deprivation influenced both physical and relational aggression, but not verbal aggression. Based on these findings, demographic characteristics and latent classes of relative deprivation should be considered together when developing interventions for aggressive behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-328X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bs13070586
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651997-5
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  • 3
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    Gold-Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radio-Fluorogenic Hydrogel Sensor for Low Radiation Doses in Clinical Radiotherapy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2022-11-10), p. 4841-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2022-11-10), p. 4841-
    Abstract: Radio-fluorogenic hydrogel dosimeters are urgently needed in radiotherapy for 3D dose verification. However, few hydrogel sensors have been reported at low absorbed doses under 2 Gy which meets the requirements of clinical practice. Here, we report a new type of gold-nanoparticle-enhanced radio-fluorogenic agarose hydrogel with coumarin as the dose-responsive material. An optimal composition of 3 wt% of agarose, 0.1 mM of gold nanoparticles, and 0.5 mM coumarin was selected. The addition of gold nanoparticles enhanced the hydroxyl radicals generated from the radiolysis of water, which can react with coumarin and generate fluorescent 7-hydroxy-coumarin and, eventually, achieve low-dose verification of 0–2.4 Gy with a high linear correlation coefficient. These findings provide an effective method for 3D dose verification, and will inspire the development of other radio-fluorogenic sensing hydrogels as well.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14224841
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 4
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    An Improved YOLOv5s-Based Helmet Recognition Method for Electric Bikes
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2023-07-28), p. 8759-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2023-07-28), p. 8759-
    Abstract: This paper proposes an improved model based on YOLOv5s, specifically designed to overcome the challenges faced by current target detection algorithms in the field of electric bike helmet detection. In order to enhance the model’s ability to detect small targets and densely populated scenes, a specialized layer dedicated to small target detection and a novel loss function called Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) are introduced. In order to solve the problem of increasing model parameters and complexity due to the inclusion of a small target detection layer, a Cross-Stage Partial Channel Mixing (CSPCM) on top of Convmix is designed. The collaborative fusion of CSPCM and the Deep Feature Consistency (DFC) attention mechanism makes it more suitable for hardware devices. In addition, the conventional Nearest Upsample technology is replaced with the advanced CARAFE Upsample module, further improving the accuracy of the model. Through rigorous experiments on carefully constructed datasets, the results show significant improvements in various evaluation indicators such as precision, recall, mAP.5, and mAP.95. Compared with the unmodified YOLOv5s algorithm, the proposed enhanced model achieves significant improvements of 1.1%, 8.4%, 5.2%, and 8.6% on these indicators, respectively, and these enhancements are accompanied by a reduction of 778,924 parameters. The experimental results on our constructed dataset demonstrate the superiority of the improved model and elucidate its potential applications. Furthermore, promising improvements for future research are suggested. This study introduces an efficient approach for improving the detection of electric bike helmets and verifies the effectiveness and practicality of the model through experiments. Importantly, the proposed scheme has implications for other target detection algorithms, especially in the field of small target detection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13158759
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
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    Deposition of Selective Catalytic Reduction Coating on Wire-Mesh Structure by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2019-09-19), p. 3046-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2019-09-19), p. 3046-
    Abstract: A series of catalytic coatings consisting of MnOx-CeO2 and TiO2 support were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying, which was aimed at the application of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. The effect of the load of active component on the coating was firstly studied. The results showed that all the coating presented the highest catalytic activity at approximately 350 °C and the coating with the composition of 20MnOx/5CeO2/TiO2 (wt%) achieved the most powerful performance. The coating was then prepared on a wire-mesh structure substrate, which can be easily assembled as a gas filter. The results showed that the specific surface area was greatly increased resulting in the significant improvement of the catalytic activity of the coating. This strategy offered a promising possibility of removing NOx and particulate fliting simultaneously in industrial applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12183046
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 6
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    Associations between Serum Vitamin A and Metabolic Risk Factors among Eastern Chinese Children and Adolescents
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-01-30), p. 610-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-01-30), p. 610-
    Abstract: Vitamin A, a fat-soluble essential vitamin, is implicated in a large range of physiological processes. Up to now, the associations between vitamin A and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or other metabolic risk factors are controversial in children and adolescents. Thus, we aimed to dig into the relationship of vitamin A with MetS and many other metabolic risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study derived from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers. A total of 3025 school-aged (7–17 years) children and adolescents were selected by applying multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods in the Jiangsu Province of eastern China. Through enquiry survey, anthropometric measurement and laboratory examination, relevant information and blood biochemical indexes of the participants were collected in this study. MetS was identified according to the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Multivariate logistic analysis and the generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the relationship between vitamin A and various metabolic risk factors. The overweight, obesity and MetS prevalence of children and adolescents in this study was 14.0%, 11.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high total cholesterol (TC) and hyperuricemia increased with vitamin A in a dose-dependent way. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum vitamin A Z scores were positively associated with MetS and central obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP) and elevated triglyceride (TG). Sex stratification analysis showed that both in male and female participants, the risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high LDL, high TC and hyperuricemia still increased with vitamin A levels. MetS was at a high prevalence level in children and adolescents in Jiangsu that were 7–17 years old. Vitamin A was positively associated with obesity, MetS, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. More public health measures and new visions should focus on the effects of retinol on children and adolescents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14030610
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 7
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    Dietary Quality and Relationships with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) among United States Adults, Results from NHANES 2017–2018
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-26), p. 4505-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-26), p. 4505-
    Abstract: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new definition for the evidence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunctions. The specific role of the dietary factors in the development and progress of the disease are not well illuminated. Thus, we conducted this study on the associations between dietary quality assessed by five dietary quality indexes (Dietary Inflammatory Index, DII; Mediterranean diet, MED; Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, DASH; Alternate Healthy Eating Index diet, AHEI; Healthy Eating Indices, HEI) and MAFLD phenotypes. This study was extracted from the latest NHANES 2017–2018 wave. Demographic information, health status, lifestyles, and dietary habits were reported in the questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate ordinal logistic regression methods were applied to explore the associations between dietary quality indexes and MAFLD or MAFLD with liver fibrosis. The weighted prevalence of Non-MAFLD, MAFLD without fibrosis, and MAFLD with fibrosis were 47.05%, 36.67%, and 16.28%, respectively, at the cutoff value of a median Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) 248 dB/m and a median Liver Stiffness Measurement (LSM) 6.3 kPa. When the diagnostic cutoff values of CAP changed to 285 dB/m, the weighted prevalence of Non-MAFLD, MAFLD without liver fibrosis, and MAFLD with fibrosis turned to 64.62%, 22.08%, and 13.30%, respectively. All five dietary quality indexes, including DII, HEI-2015, AHEI, DASH, and MED, were all significantly associated with MAFLD phenotypes. DII was positively associated with MAFLD phenotypes, while other four dietary quality indexes, including HEI-2015, AHEI, DASH, and MED, were significantly associated with lower risk of MAFLD phenotypes. MAFLD is becoming a threatening public health concern among adult Americans and dietary quality is markedly associated with MAFLD phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14214505
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
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    Propagation Methods Decide Root Architecture of Chinese Fir: Evidence from Tissue Culturing, Rooted Cutting and Seed Germination
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-21), p. 2472-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-21), p. 2472-
    Abstract: The root is the main organ of a plant for absorbing resources and whose spatial distribution characteristics play an important role in the survival of seedlings after afforestation. Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is one of China’s most important plantation species. To clarify the effects of propagation methods on root growth and spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese fir trees, sampled trees cultivated by seed germination, tissue culture, and asexual cutting of Chinese fir were taken as the research objects. The root morphology, geometric configuration, and spatial distribution characteristics of different trees were analyzed. The influence of geometric root morphology on its spatial distribution pattern was explored by correlation analysis, and the resource acquisition characteristics reflected by the roots of Chinese fir trees with different propagation methods are discussed. The main results showed that the root mean diameter (1.56 mm, 0.95 mm, and 0.97 mm), root volume (2.98 m3, 10.25 m3, and 4.07 m3), root tip count (397, 522, and 440), main root branch angle (61°, 50° and 32°) and other geometric configurations of Chinese fir under seed germination, tissue culture and rooted cutting respectively, were significantly different, which resulted in different distribution characteristics of roots in space. Chinese fir seed germination had noticeable axial roots, and the growth advantage was obvious in the vertical direction. A fishtail branch structure (TI = 0.87) was constructed. The shallow root distribution of tissue culture and rooted cutting was obvious, and belonged to the fork branch structure (TI = 0.71 and 0.74, respectively). There was a tradeoff in the spatial growth of the root system of Chinese fir trees with different propagation methods to absorb nutrients from heterogeneous soil patches. A negative correlation was present between the root system and root amplitude. There was an opposite spatial growth trend of Chinese fir trees with different propagation methods in the vertical or horizontal direction. In conclusion, selecting suitable propagation methods to cultivate Chinese fir trees is beneficial to root development and the “ideal” configuration formation of resource acquisition to improve the survival rate of Chinese fir afforestation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11192472
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 9
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    Effect of Single Loading Time to the Cyclic Ablation of C/C-SiC-ZrC Composite
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2022-10-10), p. 7027-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2022-10-10), p. 7027-
    Abstract: To understand the influence of single loading time on the cyclic ablation of carbide modified C/C composites, a C/C-SiC-ZrC composite was impacted by plasma at 2600 K for 50 s under reciprocating 0.5 (C0.5) and 5 s (C5), respectively. The composites displayed similar negative mass and rising positive linear ablation rates from C0.5 to C5. Phases, micro-morphologies, and surface temperature analysis suggested that the partially oxidized SiC-ZrC covering on the ablated sample cracked and was persistently peeled off. The mass gain resulted from the ceramic’s protection of the nearby carbon from complete oxidation. The longer single loading of 5 s caused strengthened thermal chemical reaction and mechanical erosion, which resulted in the bigger linear loss.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15197027
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 10
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    Multilevel Analysis of the Nutritional and Health Status among Children and Adolescents in Eastern China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-11), p. 758-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-11), p. 758-
    Abstract: We aimed to identify multiple nutritional health problems and the relevant factors among children and adolescents aged 7–17 years. This study was part of the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016–2017, conducted in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. After sampling, 3025 school-age children and adolescents were enrolled into this study. Demographic information collections and anthropometric measurements were conducted by trained local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff. Venous blood in the amount of 6 mL was drawn from each participant in the morning and used for testing biochemical and nutritional indicators. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis were used for overnutrition- and undernutrition-related disorders to test relevant personal, parental, and household factors. The prevalence of wasting, overweight, and obesity was 5.5%, 14.8%, and 12.7%, respectively. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was prevalent among 5.1% of participants. Among the study participants, 29.5% had hyperuricemia. The overall prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high total cholesterol (TC) of all participants was 4.8% and 7.4%, respectively. 0.9% of the participants had vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and 14.6% had marginal vitamin A deficiency; 25.1% had vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and 54.5% had inadequate vitamin D levels. Anemia was present in 4.0% of all participants. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 4.8%. Demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, parents’ characteristics, and family characteristics were associated with these multiple malnutrition disorders. The double burdens of malnutrition, which includes overnutrition- and undernutrition-related diseases, were prevalent among the school-age children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. There were various factors related to different nutritional problems. Thus, health education focusing on behavior intervention and nutrition education are necessary in containing nutritional problems among children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14040758
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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