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  • MDPI AG  (260)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investigation and Minimization of Slag Spot Surface Defects in Continuous Casting of High Carbon Steel Billets through Statistical Evaluation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Metals Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-01), p. 878-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-01), p. 878-
    Abstract: Slag spot surface defects often appear during continuous casting of high carbon steel billets due to the solidification characteristics of molten steel in the mold. To target the problem of surface slag spot defects that occur frequently during the continuous casting of high-carbon steel strands, we analyzed the influence of molten steel superheat, accumulated service time and the water inlet temperature of the mold, the size of the submerged entry nozzle and the physical and chemical properties of the mold powder on the slag spot defects. The production practice shows that by adjusting the superheat of molten steel to 30–35 °C, the water inlet temperature of the mold is stable at 33–35 °C. To adjust the internal and external diameter of the immersion nozzle to 30–70 mm, the viscosity and melting temperature of the mold powder were adjusted from 0.45–0.55 Pa·s, 1100–1140 °C to 0.15–0.25 Pa·s, 1020–1060 °C. The final billet surface quality was improved significantly, the billet surface was smooth, the oscillation marks were relatively smooth and regular and the slag trench ratio was reduced from the original maximum of 40–50% to less than 1%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met10070878
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance of Newly Developed Intermittent Aerator for Flat-Sheet Ceramic Membrane in Industrial MBR System
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-07-22), p. 2286-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-07-22), p. 2286-
    Abstract: An intermittent aerator was newly developed to reduce energy costs in a flat-sheet ceramic membrane bioreactor (MBR) for industrial wastewater treatment. Large air bubbles were supplied over a short time interval by the improved aerator technology at the bottom of the flat-sheet membrane. Performance tests for the intermittent aerator were carried out in a pilot system with two cassettes immersed in a membrane tank of the 1-MGD demonstration plant at Jurong Water Reclamation Plant (JWRP) in Singapore. Stable operation was achieved at an average flow of 19–22 LMH with every-2-days MC and peak flow of 27 to 33 LMH with daily MC with reduced air flow for membrane aeration. This indicates that energy costs for membrane aeration can be reduced by using the intermittent aerator. Stable MBR operation with a projected 43% reduction in the overall operating costs could be achieved with an improved aerator together with improved MC regime and membrane cassette.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14152286
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Transcriptome and 16S rRNA Analyses Reveal That Hypoxic Stress Affects the Antioxidant Capacity of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Resulting in Intestinal Tissue Damage and Structural Changes in Microflora
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-20), p. 1-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-20), p. 1-
    Abstract: Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key factor affecting the health of aquatic organisms in an intensive aquaculture environment. In this study, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were subjected to acute hypoxic stress for 96 h (DO: 1.00 mg/L) followed by recovery under sufficient DO conditions (DO: 7.50 mg/L) for 96 h. Serum biochemical indices, intestinal histomorphology, the transcriptome, and intestinal microbiota were compared between hypoxia-treated fish and those in a control group. The results showed that hypoxia caused oxidative stress, exfoliation of the intestinal villus epithelium and villus rupture, and increased cell apoptosis. Transcriptome analyses revealed that antioxidant-, inflammation-, and apoptosis-related pathways were activated, and that the MAPK signaling pathway played an important role under hypoxic stress. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing analyses revealed that hypoxic stress significantly decreased bacterial richness and identified the dominant phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes) and genera (Mycoplasma, unclassified Enterobacterales, Cetobacterium) involved in the intestinal inflammatory response of largemouth bass. Pearson’s correlation analyses showed that differentially expressed genes in the MAPK signaling pathway were significantly correlated with some microflora. The results of this study will help to develop strategies to reduce damage caused by hypoxic stress in aquacultured fish.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    RNA-Seq Analysis of the Key Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNAs Related to the Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Oreochromis niloticus
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fishes Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2022-11-11), p. 332-
    Details
    In: Fishes, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2022-11-11), p. 332-
    Abstract: Genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT) is prone to hepatic metabolic imbalances and fatty liver disease during intensive farming. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform essential roles in various biological processes, including lipid metabolism. However, the lncRNAs involved in hepatic lipid metabolism in tilapia have not yet been identified. In this study, Illumina sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed on the liver of juvenile male GIFT fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 18.5% lipid) or a normal-fat diet (NFD, 8% lipid) for 56 days. RNA-seq analyses revealed 299 differentially expressed (DE)-mRNAs and 284 DE-lncRNAs between these two groups. The transcript profiles of 14 candidates (seven DE-mRNA and seven DE-lncRNAs) were verified by qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, 65 cis target genes and 3610 trans target genes of DE-lncRNAs were predicted. Functional analyses suggested that multiple metabolic pathways are affected by a high fat intake, including the PPAR signaling, fatty acid degradation, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. A co-expression network analysis indicated that many lncRNAs interact with numerous genes involved in lipid metabolism, and that some genes are regulated by multiple lncRNAs. The expression patterns of three lncRNAs (MSTRG.14598.1, MSTRG.6725.3, and MSTRG.13364.2) and their potential target genes (faldh, slc25a48, and fabp7a) in the PPAR signaling pathway were investigated. Our study provides new information about lncRNAs associated with lipid metabolism in tilapia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-3888
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fishes7060332
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2932929-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrated Transcriptome and 16S rDNA Analyses Reveal That Transport Stress Induces Oxidative Stress and Immune and Metabolic Disorders in the Intestine of Hybrid Yellow Catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco♀ × Pseudobagrus vachellii♂)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-08-31), p. 1737-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-08-31), p. 1737-
    Abstract: Live fish are often transported in aquaculture. To explore the effects of transport stress, hybrid yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco♀ × Pseudobagrus vachellii♂) were subjected to simulated transport treatments (0–16 h) with 96 h of recovery after the 16-h transport treatment, and intestinal biochemical parameters, the transcriptome, and gut microbiota were analyzed. Transportation affected the number of mucus cells and led to oxidative stress in the intestine, which activated immune responses. Changes in lipid metabolism reflected metabolic adaptation to oxidative stress. Toll-like receptor signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, and steroid biosynthesis pathways were involved in the transport stress response. Gene expression analyses indicated that transport-induced local immune damage was reversible, whereas disordered metabolism recovered more slowly. A 16S rDNA analysis revealed that transport stress decreased the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota and disrupted its homeostasis. The dominant phyla (Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes) and genera (Cetobacterium, Barnesiellaceae) were involved in the antioxidant, immune, and metabolic responses of the host to transportation stress. Correlation analyses suggested that gut microbes participate in the transport stress response and the host–microbiota interaction may trigger multiple events in antioxidant, immune, and metabolic pathways. Our results will be useful for optimizing transport processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091737
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Emodin Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury, Involving the Inactivation of NF-κB in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2014-10-24), p. 19355-19368
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2014-10-24), p. 19355-19368
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119355
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Vitamin E Ameliorates Impaired Ovarian Development, Oxidative Stress, and Disrupted Lipid Metabolism in Oreochromis niloticus Fed with a Diet Containing Olive Oil Instead of Fish Oil
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-07-29), p. 1524-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-07-29), p. 1524-
    Abstract: Aquaculture feed containing olive oil (OO) instead of fish oil (FO) can cause oxidative stress and impair gonad development in fish. We determined the effect of dietary OO-induced oxidative stress on ovarian development, and explored whether vitamin E (VE) could mitigate negative effects. Female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed for 10 weeks with four diets: 5% OO + 70 mg/kg VE, 5% OO + 200 mg/kg VE, 5% FO + 70 mg/kg VE, or 5% FO + 200 mg/kg VE. Dietary OO reduced the specific growth rate and gonadosomatic index, inhibited superoxide dismutase and catalase, delayed ovarian development, decreased serum sex hormone levels, and reduced ovarian triglyceride and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid contents. The transcript levels of genes encoding sex hormone receptors (erα, fshr, lhr) and components of the lipid metabolism pathway (pparα, pparγ, hsl, accα, elovl6), the nrf2 signaling pathway (nrf2, keap1), and the nf-κb signaling pathway (nf-κb, tnfα, infγ, il1β) differed between the 70VE/OO and 70VE/FO groups. Supplementation with 200 mg/kg VE mitigated the adverse effects of OO by improving antioxidant capacity and alleviating inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism. This may be because VE is an antioxidant and it can regulate the nrf2-nf-κb signaling pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081524
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
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    Simultaneous Quantification of Five Bioactive Components of Acanthopanax senticosus and Its Extract by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Molecules Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2012-06-29), p. 7903-7913
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2012-06-29), p. 7903-7913
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules17077903
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
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    Trend and Change-Point Analysis of Streamflow and Sediment Discharge of the Gongshui River in China during the Last 60 Years
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Water Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-18), p. 1273-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-18), p. 1273-
    Abstract: The Gongshui River basin exhibits one of the most serious soil erosion areas in southern China, and has always been the key control area of national soil and water conservation programs. This study used daily precipitation, streamflow, and sediment concentration data collected from 1957 to 2015 from the main hydrological stations of the Gongshui River to investigate streamflow and sediment discharge variations and their responses to precipitation and human activities. The Mann-Kendall and Pettitt’s test were used for trend and change-point detection. The double mass curve (DMC) method was employed to quantify the effects of precipitation change and human activities on hydrological regime shifts. The results showed insignificant trends of both annual precipitation and streamflow for all stations, while the sediment discharge of most stations exhibited significant decreasing trends. Change-point analyses revealed that all hydrologic stations except Mazhou had transition years. The estimation via DMC indicated that after the change point years, there was a rapid reduction in sediment discharge at Hanlinqiao, Fengkeng, Julongtan, Xiashan, and Chawu stations, but not at Mazhou, Ruijin, and Yangxinjian stations. Human activity provided a significantly greater contribution to sediment discharge than precipitation. The evidence clearly indicates that the degree and extension of conservation or destruction measures and the construction of large- and medium-sized reservoirs were the major factors significantly decreasing or increasing annual sediment discharge of the Gongshui River. This work could serve as the basis for decision making regarding river basin water resources management to estimate the effects of anthropogenic impacts on water and sediment discharge variations during the last few decades, thereby guiding adaptation and protection of the water resources of the Gongshui River flowing into the Poyang Lake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w10091273
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 10
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    Coffee Consumption and Incidence of Cardiovascular and Microvascular Diseases in Never-Smoking Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-08), p. 3910-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-08), p. 3910-
    Abstract: The relationship between coffee consumption and diabetes-related vascular complications remains unclear. To eliminate confounding by smoking, this study assessed the relationships of coffee consumption with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular disease (MVD) in never-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Included were 9964 never-smokers with T2DM from the UK Biobank without known CVD or cancer at baseline (7781 were free of MVD). Participants were categorized into four groups according to daily coffee consumption (0, 0.5–1, 2–4, ≥5 cups/day). CVD included coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF). MVD included retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) of total CVD and MVD and the component outcomes associated with coffee consumption. During a median of 12.7 years of follow-up, 1860 cases of CVD and 1403 cases of MVD were identified. Coffee intake was nonlinearly and inversely associated with CVD (P-nonlinearity = 0.023) and the component outcomes. Compared with no coffee intake, HRs (95% CIs) associated with a coffee intake of 2 to 4 cups/day were 0.82 (0.73, 0.93) for CVD, 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) for CHD, 0.73 (0.57, 0.92) for MI, 0.76 (0.57, 1.02) for stroke, and 0.68 (0.55, 0.85) for HF. Higher coffee intake (≥5 cups/day) was not significantly associated with CVD outcomes. Coffee intake was linearly and inversely associated with risk of CKD (HR for ≥5 vs. 0 cups/day = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.91; P-trend = 0.0029) but was not associated with retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Among never-smoking individuals with T2DM, moderate coffee consumption (2–4 cups/day) was associated with a lower risk of various CVD outcomes and CKD, with no adverse associations for higher consumption.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15183910
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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