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  • MDPI AG  (105)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Resistive Switching Characteristics of HfO2 Thin Films on Mica Substrates Prepared by Sol-Gel Process
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2019-08-04), p. 1124-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2019-08-04), p. 1124-
    Abstract: The resistive switching (RS) characteristics of flexible films deposited on mica substrates have rarely been reported upon, especially flexible HfO2 films. A novel flexible Au/HfO2/Pt/mica resistive random access memory device was prepared by a sol-gel process, and a Au/HfO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (100) device was also prepared for comparison. The HfO2 thin films were grown into the monoclinic phase by the proper annealing process at 700 °C, demonstrated by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction patterns. The ratio of high/low resistance (off/on) reached 1000 and 50 for the two devices, respectively, being relatively stable for the former but not for the latter. The great difference in ratios for the two devices may have been caused by different concentrations of the oxygen defect obtained by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicating composition and chemical state of the HfO2 thin films. The conduction mechanism was dominated by Ohm’s law in the low resistance state, while in high resistance state, Ohmic conduction, space charge limited conduction (SCLC), and trap-filled SCLC conducted together.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9081124
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 2
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    Quantification of Liver Fat Content after Radiofrequency Ablation for Liver Cancer: Correlation with Hepatic Perfusion Disorders
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-18), p. 2137-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-18), p. 2137-
    Abstract: Purpose: To quantitatively investigate the correlation between liver fat content and hepatic perfusion disorders (HPD) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for liver cancer using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Materials and methods: A total of 150 liver cancer patients underwent liver MRI examination within one month after RFA and at four months after RFA. According to the liver fat content, they were divided into non-, mild, moderate, and severe fatty liver groups. The liver fat content and hepatic perfusion disorders were determined using PDFF images and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI images. The relationship between the liver fat content and HPD was investigated. Results: At the first postoperative MRI examination, the proportion of patients in the nonfatty liver group with hyperperfused foci (11.11%) was significantly lower than that in the mild (30.00%), moderate (42.86%), and severe fatty liver (56.67%) groups (p 〈 0.05), whereas the proportions of patients with hypoperfused foci (6.67%, 7.5%, 5.71%, and 6.67%, respectively) were not significantly different among the four groups (p 〉 0.05). In the nonfatty liver group, the liver fat content was not correlated with hyperperfusion abnormalities or hypoperfusion abnormalities. By contrast, in the three fatty liver groups, the liver fat content was correlated with hyperperfusion abnormalities but was not correlated with hypoperfusion abnormalities. At the second postoperative MRI examination, six patients in the nonfatty liver group were diagnosed with fatty liver, including two patients with newly developed hyperperfusion abnormalities and one patient whose hypoperfusion abnormality remained the same as it was in the first postoperative MRI examination. Conclusion: There was a high correlation between the liver fat content and hyperperfusion abnormalities after RFA for liver cancer. The higher the liver fat content was, the higher the was risk of hyperperfusion abnormalities. However, there was little correlation between liver fat content and hypoperfusion abnormalities, and the increase in postoperative liver fat content did not induce or alter the presence of hypoperfused foci.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112137
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 3
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    Cosmeceutical Therapy: Engaging the Repercussions of UVR Photoaging on the Skin’s Circadian Rhythm
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2022-03-07), p. 2884-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2022-03-07), p. 2884-
    Abstract: Sunlight is an important factor in regulating the central circadian rhythm, including the modulation of our sleep/wake cycles. Sunlight had also been discovered to have a prominent influence on our skin’s circadian rhythm. Overexposure or prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin photodamage, such as the formation of irregular pigmentation, collagen degradation, DNA damage, and even skin cancer. Hence, this review will be looking into the detrimental effects of sunlight on our skin, not only at the aspect of photoaging but also at its impact on the skin’s circadian rhythm. The growing market trend of natural-product-based cosmeceuticals as also caused us to question their potential to modulate the skin’s circadian rhythm. Questions about how the skin’s circadian rhythm could counteract photodamage and how best to maximize its biopotential will be discussed in this article. These discoveries regarding the skin’s circadian rhythm have opened up a completely new level of understanding of our skin’s molecular mechanism and may very well aid cosmeceutical companies, in the near future, to develop better products that not only suppress photoaging but remain effective and relevant throughout the day.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052884
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Single-Layer GaInSe3: Promising Water-Splitting Photocatalyst with Solar Conversion Efficiency over 30% from Theoretical Calculations
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 19 ( 2023-09-28), p. 6858-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 19 ( 2023-09-28), p. 6858-
    Abstract: Hydrogen energy from solar water-splitting is known as an ideal method with which to address the energy crisis and global environmental pollution. Herein, the first-principles calculations are carried out to study the photocatalytic water-splitting performance of single-layer GaInSe3 under biaxial strains from −2% to +2%. Calculations reveal that single-layer GaInSe3 under various biaxial strains has electronic bandgaps ranging from 1.11 to 1.28 eV under biaxial strain from −2% to +2%, as well as a completely separated valence band maximum and conduction band minimum. Meanwhile, the appropriate band edges for water-splitting and visible optical absorption up to ~3 × 105 cm−1 are obtained under biaxial strains from −2% to 0%. More impressively, the solar conversion efficiency of single-layer GaInSe3 under biaxial strains from −2% to 0% reaches over 30%. The OER of unstrained single-layer GaInSe3 can proceed without co-catalysts. These demonstrate that single-layer GaInSe3 is a viable material for solar water-splitting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196858
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
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    PS-NPs Induced Neurotoxic Effects in SHSY-5Y Cells via Autophagy Activation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-20), p. 952-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-20), p. 952-
    Abstract: Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) are organic pollutants that are widely detected in the environment and organisms, posing potential threats to both ecosystems and human health. PS-NPs have been proven to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and increase the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. However, information relating to the pathogenic molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study investigated the neurotoxicity and regulatory mechanisms of PS-NPs in human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells. The results show that PS-NPs caused obvious mitochondrial damages, as evidenced by inhibited cell proliferation, increased lactate dehydrogenase release, stimulated oxidative stress responses, elevated Ca2+ level and apoptosis, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate levels. The increased release of cytochrome c and the overexpression of apoptosis-related proteins apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3), and caspase-9 indicate the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In addition, the upregulation of autophagy markers light chain 3-II (LC3-II), Beclin-1, and autophagy-related protein (Atg) 5/12/16L suggests that PS-NPs could promote autophagy in SHSY-5Y cells. The RNA interference of Beclin-1 confirms the regulatory role of autophagy in PS-NP-induced neurotoxicity. The administration of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the cytotoxicity and autophagy activation induced by PS-NP exposure. Generally, PS-NPs could induce neurotoxicity in SHSY-5Y cells via autophagy activation and mitochondria dysfunction, which was modulated by mitochondrial oxidative stress. Mitochondrial damages caused by oxidative stress could potentially be involved in the pathological mechanisms for PS-NP-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070952
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 6
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    An Experimental Study of Fluoride Removal from Wastewater by Mn-Ti Modified Zeolite
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Water Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 3343-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 3343-
    Abstract: The emerging interest in fluoride-removal from wastewater has attracted attention to zeolite since it has been considered as a natural adsorbent. However, the fluoride-removal efficiency of natural zeolite is generally low. As part of the effort to improve the zeolite adsorption efficiency, we have produced and tested the Mn-Ti modified zeolite. In the current work, the material preparation is discussed, and prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Both static and dynamic experiments were conducted to examine the effects of independent variables. In the static adsorption section, sensitivity analysis experiments were conducted for independent variables, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and competitive ions. The maximum adsorption capacity is 2.175 mg/g, which was obtained at PH = 7, temperature = 25 °C, and initial fluoride concentration = 10 mg/L. For adsorption kinetics, both Lagergren and Pseudo-second order models predict the experiments very well, which probably demonstrates that the current process is a combination of physical sorption and chemisorption. For adsorption isotherms, the Freundlich model performs better than the Langmuir model since it is usually applied to illustrate adsorption on inhomogeneous surfaces. In the dynamic adsorption section, sensitivity analysis experiments were also conducted for independent variables, such as adsorbent thickness, flow velocity, initial fluoride concentration, and PH. Additionally, the adsorption mechanism is also discussed. The main reason is the hydrated metal fluoride precipitate formation. As we know, the current work provides the first quantified comparison of the natural zeolite and the Mn-Ti modified zeolite regarding fluoride-removal efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w13233343
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 7
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    Photodiode Read-Out System for the Calorimeter of the Herd Experiment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Instruments Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2022-09-02), p. 33-
    Details
    In: Instruments, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2022-09-02), p. 33-
    Abstract: HERD is a future experiment for the direct detection of high energy cosmic rays. The instrument is based on a calorimeter optimized not only for a good energy resolution but also for a large acceptance. Each crystal composing the calorimeter is equipped with two read-out systems: one based on wavelength-shifting fibers and the other based on two photodiodes with different active areas assembled in a monolithic package. In this paper, we describe the photodiode read-out system, focusing on experimental requirements, design and estimated performances. Finally, we show how these features lead to the flight model project of the photodiode read-out system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-390X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/instruments6030033
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2911707-0
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  • 8
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    Enhancing Water Supply Resilience in a Tropical Island via a Socio-Hydrological Approach: A Case Study in Con Dao Island, Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Water Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2021-09-18), p. 2573-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2021-09-18), p. 2573-
    Abstract: Socio-hydrological approaches are gaining momentum due to the importance of understanding the dynamics and co-evolution of water and human systems. Various socio-hydrological approaches have been developed to improve the adaptive capacity of local people to deal with water-related issues. In this study, a social-hydrological approach was developed to enhance the water supply resilience in Con Dao Island, Vietnam. We used a water-balance model, involving the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool, to conduct a scenario-based evaluation of water demands. In doing so, we assessed the impacts of socio-economic development, such as population growth and climate change, on increasing water demand. The modelling results showed that the existing reservoirs—the main sources to recharge the groundwater (accounting for 56.92% in 2018 and 65.59% in 2030)—play a critical role in enhancing water supply resilience in the island, particularly during the dry season. In addition, future water shortages can be solved by investment in water supply infrastructures in combination with the use of alternative water sources, such as rainwater and desalinated seawater. The findings further indicate that while the local actors have a high awareness of the role of natural resources, they seem to neglect climate change. To meet the future water demands, we argue that upgrading and constructing new reservoirs, mobilizing resources for freshwater alternatives and investing in water supply facilities are among the most suitable roadmaps for the island. In addition, strengthening adaptive capacity, raising awareness and building professional capacity for both local people and officials are strongly recommended. The research concludes with a roadmap that envisages the integration of social capacity to address the complex interaction and co-evolution of the human–water system to foster water-supply resilience in the study area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w13182573
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 9
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    Coffee Consumption and Incidence of Cardiovascular and Microvascular Diseases in Never-Smoking Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-08), p. 3910-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-08), p. 3910-
    Abstract: The relationship between coffee consumption and diabetes-related vascular complications remains unclear. To eliminate confounding by smoking, this study assessed the relationships of coffee consumption with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular disease (MVD) in never-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Included were 9964 never-smokers with T2DM from the UK Biobank without known CVD or cancer at baseline (7781 were free of MVD). Participants were categorized into four groups according to daily coffee consumption (0, 0.5–1, 2–4, ≥5 cups/day). CVD included coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF). MVD included retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) of total CVD and MVD and the component outcomes associated with coffee consumption. During a median of 12.7 years of follow-up, 1860 cases of CVD and 1403 cases of MVD were identified. Coffee intake was nonlinearly and inversely associated with CVD (P-nonlinearity = 0.023) and the component outcomes. Compared with no coffee intake, HRs (95% CIs) associated with a coffee intake of 2 to 4 cups/day were 0.82 (0.73, 0.93) for CVD, 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) for CHD, 0.73 (0.57, 0.92) for MI, 0.76 (0.57, 1.02) for stroke, and 0.68 (0.55, 0.85) for HF. Higher coffee intake (≥5 cups/day) was not significantly associated with CVD outcomes. Coffee intake was linearly and inversely associated with risk of CKD (HR for ≥5 vs. 0 cups/day = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.91; P-trend = 0.0029) but was not associated with retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Among never-smoking individuals with T2DM, moderate coffee consumption (2–4 cups/day) was associated with a lower risk of various CVD outcomes and CKD, with no adverse associations for higher consumption.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15183910
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 10
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    Targeting Peptide, Fluorescent Reagent Modified Magnetic Liposomes Coated with Rapamycin Target Early Atherosclerotic Plaque and Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-18), p. 1083-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-18), p. 1083-
    Abstract: Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Its therapy requires research in several areas, such as diagnosis of early arteriosclerosis, improvement of the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of rapamycin as its therapeutic agents. Here, we used the targeting peptide VHPKQHR (VHP) (or fluorescent reagent) to modify the phospholipid molecules to target vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and loaded ultrasmall paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO/Fe3O4) plus rapamycin (Rap) to Rap/Fe3O4@VHP-Lipo (VHPKQHR-modified magnetic liposomes coated with Rap). This nanoparticle can be used for both the diagnosis and therapy of early atherosclerosis. We designed both an ex vivo system with mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) and an in vivo system with ApoE knockout mice to test the labeling and delivering potential of Rap/Fe3O4@VHP-Lipo with fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry and MRI. Our results of MRI imaging and fluorescence imaging showed that the T2 relaxation time of the Rap/Fe3O4@VHP-Lipo group was reduced by 2.7 times and 1.5 times, and the fluorescence intensity increased by 3.4 times and 2.5 times, respectively, compared with the normal saline group and the control liposome treatment group. It showed that Rap/Fe3O4@VHP-Lipo realized the diagnosis of early AS. Additionally, our results showed that, compared with the normal saline and control liposomes treatment group, the aortic fluorescence intensity of the Rap/Fe3O4@VHP-Lipo treatment group was significantly weaker, and the T2 relaxation time was prolonged by 8.9 times and 2.0 times, indicating that the targeted diagnostic agent detected the least plaques in the Rap/Fe3O4@VHP-Lipo treatment group. Based on our results, the synthesized theragnostic Rap/Fe3O4@VHP-Lipo serves as a great label for both MRI and fluorescence bimodal imaging of atherosclerosis. It also has therapeutic effects for the early treatment of atherosclerosis, and it has great potential for early diagnosis and can achieve the same level of therapy with a lower dose of Rap.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051083
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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