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  • 1
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    Unexpected Movement of the Esophagus across the Aorta
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-20), p. 1758-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-20), p. 1758-
    Abstract: Tumor regression throughout treatment would induce organ movement, but little is known of this in the esophagus. To achieve successful tumor regression, radiation therapy requires several weeks of radiation to be delivered accurately to the tumor. Usually, a 5–10 mm margin is allowed for set-up error and internal organ motion. Our case exhibited an unexpectedly large movement of the esophagus across the aorta with tumor regression that extended outside the margin and thus outside the radiotherapy field. These movements may affect subsequent invasive procedures or treatment during cancer therapy. After the unexpected large movement of the esophagus due to tumor regression, we revised the radiotherapy plan to reflect the new esophageal position. This implied that regular imaging and close monitoring are required during treatment of esophageal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071758
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 2
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    Current Evidence of a Deintensification Strategy for Patients with HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-17), p. 3969-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-17), p. 3969-
    Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer differs from HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer in terms of etiology, epidemiology, and prognosis. Younger and lower comorbidity patient demographics and favorable prognosis allow HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer patients to anticipate longer life expectancy. Reducing long-term toxicities has become an increasingly important issue. Treatment deintensification to reduce toxicities has been investigated in terms of many aspects, and the reduction of radiotherapy (RT) dose in definitive treatment, replacement of platinum-based chemotherapy with cetuximab, response-tailored dose prescription after induction chemotherapy, and reduction of adjuvant RT dose after transoral surgery have been evaluated. We performed a literature review of prospective trials of deintensification for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. In phase II trials, reduction of RT dose in definitive treatment showed comparable survival outcomes to historical results. Two phase III randomized trials reported inferior survival outcomes for cetuximab-based chemoradiation compared with cisplatin-based chemoradiation. In a randomized phase III trial investigating adjuvant RT, deintensified RT showed noninferior survival outcomes in patients without extranodal extension but worse survival in patients with extranodal extension. Optimal RT dosage and patient selection require confirmation in future studies. Although many phase II trials have reported promising outcomes, the results of phase III trials are needed to change the standard treatment. Since high-level evidence has not been established, current deintensification should only be performed as part of a clinical study with caution. Implementation in clinical practice should not be undertaken until evidence from phase III randomized trials is available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163969
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
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    Pathologic Implications of Radial Resection Margin and Perineural Invasion to Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Multi-Institutional and Case-Matched Control Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-25), p. 4112-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-25), p. 4112-
    Abstract: We assessed the exact role of adjuvant chemotherapy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery in rectal cancer patients with positive surgical margin or perineural invasion (PNI). This multi-institutional study included 1799 patients with rectal cancer at cT3-4N0-2M0 stages. Patients were divided into two groups. The high-risk group had a positive margin and/or perineural invasion. The low-risk group showed no positive margin or PNI. Propensity-score matching analysis was performed, and a total of 928 patients, with 464 in each arm, were evaluated. The high-risk group showed significant differences in overall survival (OS, 73.4% vs. 53.9%, p 〈 0.01) and recurrence-free survival (RFS, 52.7% vs. 40.9%, p = 0.01) at five years between the adjuvant chemotherapy arm and observation arm. The low-risk group showed no significant differences in 5-year OS (p = 0.61) and RFS (p = 0.75) between the two arms. Multivariate analyses showed that age, pathologic N stage, and adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly correlated with OS and RFS in the high-risk group (all p 〈 0.05). Adjuvant chemotherapy improved OS and RFS more significantly in rectal cancer patients with positive surgical margin or PNI than in those with negative surgical margin and PNI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174112
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
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    Linear Tumor Regression of Rectal Cancer in Daily MRI during Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy: An Insight of Tumor Regression Velocity for Personalized Cancer Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-08-01), p. 3749-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-08-01), p. 3749-
    Abstract: Objective: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is current standards of care for locally advanced rectal cancer. The precise and thorough investigation of a tumor during the full course of CCRT by means of daily MRI can provide an idea on real-time treatment sensitivity in addition to tumor biology. Tumor volumetry from daily MRI during CCRT may allow patient-driven treatment decisions. Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed with cT3-4 and/or cN+ rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing preoperative CCRT with capecitabine on the pelvis up to 50 Gy in 25 daily fractions from November 2018 to June 2019 were consecutively included. Rectal tumor volume was uniformly measured by a single physician (YKK) in daily 0.35T MRI obtained with MR-guided linear accelerator. Primary endpoint was to assess the pattern of tumor volume regression throughout the full course of CCRT using daily registration MRI. Secondary endpoint was to assess the effect of tumor regression velocity on disease-free survival (DFS). Tumor regression velocity (cc) per fraction of each patient was calculated using the simple regression analysis of tumor volumes from fraction 1 to fraction 25. Results: Twenty patients were included. Daily tumor volumetry demonstrated linear tumor regression during CCRT. The tumor regression velocity of all 20 patients was 2.40 cc per fraction (R2 = 0.93; p 〈 0.001). The median tumor regression velocity was 1.52 cc per fraction. Patients with tumor regression velocity ≥ 1.52 cc per fraction were grouped as rapid regressors (N = 9), and those with tumor regression velocity 〈 1.52 cc per fraction were grouped as slow regressors (N = 11). Rapid regressors had greater tumor regression velocity (4.58 cc per fraction) compared to that of slow regressors (0.78 cc per fraction) with statistical significance (p 〈 0.001). The mean DFS of rapid regressors was 36.8 months, numerically longer than the 31.9 months of slow regressors (p = 0.400) without statistical significance. Rapid regressors had numerically superior DFS rate compared to slow regressors without statistical significance. The 2-year DFS was 88.9% for rapid regressors and 72.7% for slow regressors, respectively (p = 0.400). Conclusion: This study is the first observation of linear tumor regression in daily MRI during the preoperative CCRT of locally advanced rectal cancer. Daily tumor regression velocity discriminated DFS, although without statistical significance. This study with a phenomenal approach is hypothesis-generating. Nevertheless, the potential of CCRT from therapeutics to a newer level, the “theranostics”, has been inceptively suggested. Further validation studies for the value of daily tumor volumetry on treatment decisions are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153749
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
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    A Differential Diagnosis of Unusual Gastric Ulcer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-10), p. 1929-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-10), p. 1929-
    Abstract: The endoscopic findings of diffuse large B cell lymphoma have various presentations. In our case, the patient had developed multiple elevated central ulceration lesions, and the peripheral elevated portion had a heaped-up margin. The margin had a sharp, smooth edge that was not infiltrative and could be confused with a simple gastric ulcer. Endoscopists should be aware of the possibility of multiple lymphoma ulcers with heaped-up margins. We present some unusual endoscopic features of lymphoma, which are easily misdiagnosed as gastric ulcers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081929
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 6
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    Preferential Expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Protein in Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Its Potential Role in Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2021-04-29), p. 4710-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2021-04-29), p. 4710-
    Abstract: A predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we focused on the infiltration and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment of HCC. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that PD-L1 was preferentially expressed on CD68+ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of HCC, suggestive of its expression in TAMs rather than in T cells or tumor cells (P 〈 0.05). A co-culture experiment using activated T cells and M2 macrophages confirmed a significant increase in T cell functionality after the pretreatment of M2 macrophages with anti-PD-L1. Syngeneic mouse model experiments demonstrated that TAMs expressed PD-L1 and tumors treated with anti-PD-L1 showed smaller diameters than those treated with IgG. In these mice, anti-PD-L1 treatment increased activation markers in intratumoral CD8+ T cells and reduced the size of the TAM population. Regarding nivolumab-treated patients, three of eight patients responded to the anti-PD-1 treatment. The percentage of Ki-67-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was higher in responders than non-responders after nivolumab. Overall, PD-L1 expression on TAMs may be targeted by immune-based HCC treatment, and ICI treatment results in the reinvigoration of exhausted CD8+ T cells in HCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094710
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Death-Associated Protein 6 (Daxx) Alleviates Liver Fibrosis by Modulating Smad2 Acetylation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cells Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-09), p. 1742-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-09), p. 1742-
    Abstract: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been identified as an inducer of hepatocyte epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which triggers liver fibrosis. Death-associated protein 6 (Daxx) is known to be associated with the TGF-β-induced apoptotic pathway, but the function of Daxx in liver fibrosis remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Daxx in liver fibrosis. We used liver fibrosis tissues from humans and mice to assess Daxx expression. EMT properties and TGF-β signaling pathway activation were investigated in the Daxx-overexpressing FL83B cell line. The therapeutic effect of Daxx was investigated in a mouse model of liver fibrosis by the hydrodynamic injection of plasmids. The expression of Daxx was markedly decreased in hepatocytes from fibrotic human and mouse livers, as well as in hepatocytes treated with TGF-β in vitro. The overexpression of Daxx inhibited the EMT process by interfering with the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that Daxx reduced the transcriptional activity of Smad2 by binding to its MH1 domain and interfering with Smad2 acetylation. In addition, the therapeutic delivery of Daxx alleviated liver fibrosis in a thioacetamide-induced fibrosis mouse model. Overall, our results indicate that Daxx could be a potential therapeutic target to modulate fibrogenesis, as well as a useful biomarker for liver fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells10071742
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 8
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    Different Algicidal Modes of the Two Bacteria Aeromonas bestiarum HYD0802-MK36 and Pseudomonas syringae KACC10292T against Harmful Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Toxins Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-02-08), p. 128-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-02-08), p. 128-
    Abstract: Blooms of harmful cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa lead to an adverse effect on freshwater ecosystems, and thus extensive studies on the control of this cyanobacteria’s blooms have been conducted. Throughout this study, we have found that the two bacteria Aeromonas bestiarum HYD0802-MK36 and Pseudomonas syringae KACC10292T are capable of killing M. aeruginosa. Interestingly, these two bacteria showed different algicidal modes. Based on an algicidal range test using 15 algal species (target and non-target species), HYD0802-MK36 specifically attacked only target cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa, whereas the algicidal activity of KACC10292T appeared in a relatively broad algicidal range. HYD0802-MK36, as a direct attacker, killed M. aeruginosa cells when direct cell (bacterium)-to-cell (cyanobacteria) contact happens. KACC10292T, as an indirect attacker, released algicidal substance which is located in cytoplasm. Interestingly, algicidal activity of KACC10292T was enhanced according to co-cultivation with the host cyanobacteria, suggesting that quantity of algicidal substance released from this bacterium might be increased via interaction with the host cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020128
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 9
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    Association of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Alcohol Consumption on Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2022-02-23), p. 2571-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2022-02-23), p. 2571-
    Abstract: Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of both alcohol consumption and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean men. Methods: A cohort of 364 men included in this study was divided into four groups according to the amount of alcohol they consumed: the nondrinkers (ND), low moderate drinkers (LM, ≤7 standard drinks per week), high moderate drinkers (HM, 7 to 14 drinks per week), and heavy drinkers (HD, 〉 14 drinks per week). Logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for age, exercise, and smoking. Results: The risk of MetS in the LM group with a high hsCRP level (1.0 or more mg/dL) was not significant. However, the risks of MetS were significantly higher in the HM and HD groups with high hsCRP levels than that in the ND group. The odds ratios of MetS in the HM and HD groups with high hsCRP levels were 3.44 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–9.52) and 3.14 (95% CI, 1.07–9.23), respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that the risk of MetS is higher in men who consume more than seven drinks a week with high hsCRP levels than that in nondrinkers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052571
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Depth of Response to Intensive Chemotherapy Has Significant Prognostic Value among Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation with Intermediate or Adverse Risk at Diagnosis Compared to At-Risk Group According to European Leukemia Net 2017 Risk Stratification
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 13 ( 2022-06-29), p. 3199-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 13 ( 2022-06-29), p. 3199-
    Abstract: We evaluated the prognostic efficiency of the European Leukemia Net (ELN) 2017 criteria on the post-transplant outcomes of 174 patients with intermediate (INT; n = 108, 62%) or adverse (ADV) risk (n = 66, 38%) of acute myeloid leukemia; these patients had received the first allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) at remission. After a median follow-up period of 18 months, the 2 year OS, RFS, and CIR after HSCT were estimated to be 58.6% vs. 64.4% (p = 0.299), 50.5% vs. 53.7% (p = 0.533), and 26.9% vs. 36.9% (p = 0.060) in the INT and ADV risk groups, respectively. Compared to the ELN 2017 stratification, pre-HSCT WT1 levels (cutoff: 250 copies/104 ABL) more effectively segregated the post-HSCT outcomes of INT risk patients compared to ADV risk patients regarding their 2 year OS (64.2% vs. 51.5%, p = 0.099), RFS (59.4% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.003), and CIR (18.9% vs. 60.0% p 〈 0.001). Indeed, high WT1 levels were more prominent in INT risk patients than in ADV risk patients. Notably, FLT3-ITD had the greatest impact on post-HSCT outcomes among all the ELN 2017 criteria components; patients in the FLT3-ITD mutant subgroups exhibited the worst outcomes regardless of their allelic ratios or NPM1 status compared to the pre-HSCT WT1 level of other INT and ADV risk patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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