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  • MDPI AG  (1,597)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Quality Characteristics of Commercial Kimchi Manufactured in Korea, China, and the United States
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-18), p. 2488-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-18), p. 2488-
    Abstract: Recently, kimchi has been recognized as a healthy food worldwide, prompting increased interest in its health benefits and quality characteristics. Although commercial kimchi is manufactured in various countries, little is known about quality differences between the kimchi from different countries. To clarify differences in quality characteristics, minerals, free sugars, organic acids, free amino acids, and volatile compounds, commercial kimchi manufactured in Korea, China, and the United States were investigated. The composition of the microbial community and antioxidant activity were compared. Mineral and free sugar contents were high in Korean commercial kimchi, while the organic acid content was relatively low. The free amino acid content was markedly higher in Korean kimchi than that in kimchi manufactured in China and the United States. In addition, the volatile compound content differed between the kimchi produced in different countries. Considering the microbial communities, Leuconostoc and Weissella were more abundant in commercial kimchi from Korea than that from China or the United States. Commercial kimchi in Korea showed the highest antioxidant activity. These results support the high quality and antioxidant activity of commercial kimchi manufactured in Korea, emphasizing its importance in the global kimchi industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10102488
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Platelet-to-White Blood Cell Ratio Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Deterioration
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Abstract: Background: The platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) is a hematologic marker of the systemic inflammatory response. Recently, the PWR was revealed to have a role as an independent prognostic factor for mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic failure (ACLF) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) with acute decompensation (AD). However, the prognostic role of the PWR still needs to be investigated in LC patients with AD. In this study, we analyzed whether the PWR could stratify the risk of adverse outcomes (death or liver transplantation (LT)) in these patients. Methods: A prospective cohort of 1670 patients with AD of liver cirrhosis ((age: 55.2 ± 7.8, male = 1226 (73.4%)) was enrolled and evaluated for 28-day and overall adverse outcomes. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.0 months (range, 1.9–15.5 months), 424 (25.4%) patients had adverse outcomes (death = 377, LT = 47). The most common etiology of LC was alcohol use (69.7%). The adverse outcome rate was higher for patients with a PWR ≤ 12.1 than for those with a PWR 〉 12.1. A lower PWR level was a prognostic factor for 28-day adverse outcomes (PWR: hazard ratio 1.707, p = 0.034) when adjusted for the etiology of cirrhosis, infection, ACLF, and the MELD score. In the subgroup analysis, the PWR level stratified the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes regardless of the presence of ACLF or the main form of AD but not for those with bacterial infection. Conclusions: A lower PWR level was associated with 28-day adverse outcomes, indicating that the PWR level can be a useful and simple tool for stratifying the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes in LC patients with AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Free Amino Acid and Volatile Compound Profiles of Jeotgal Alternatives and Its Application to Kimchi
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-15), p. 423-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-15), p. 423-
    Abstract: Jeotgal containing abundant free amino acids plays an important role in the unique savory taste (umami) and flavor in kimchi. However, it is also responsible for the unpleasant fishy smell and high salt content of kimchi. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify alternative jeotgal sources and investigate the fermentation properties of jeotgal alternatives added to kimchi. The tomato hot-water extract (TH2) and dry-aged beef hot-water extract (DBH) were selected as jeotgal alternatives for kimchi preparation based on their glutamic acid contents. Characteristics of kimchi with TH2 alone (JA1) and TH2 and DBH in combination (1:1, JA2) were compared with kimchi prepared using commercially available anchovy fish sauce (CON). The pH of JA1 and JA2 was slightly decreased during fermentation, whereas the salinity was significantly lower than CON (p 〈 0.05). Notably, the most effective factor of the savory taste of kimchi, glutamic acid contents of JA1 and JA2 were significantly higher than that of CON (p 〈 0.05). In conclusion, JA1 showed slower fermentation with lower salinity and higher glutamic acid content than CON. Overall, this study showed that JA1 derived from TH2 could improve the taste and quality of kimchi by increasing glutamic acid content and decreasing the unpleasant flavor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10020423
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 4
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    Use of Extracorporeal Life Support for Heart Transplantation: Key Factors to Improve Outcome
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-06-08), p. 2542-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-06-08), p. 2542-
    Abstract: Although patients receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge to transplantation have demonstrated worse outcomes than those without ECLS, we investigated the key factors in the improvement of their posttransplant outcome. From December 2003 to December 2018, 257 adult patients who underwent heart transplantation (HTx) at our institution were included. We identified 100 patients (38.9%) who underwent HTx during ECLS (ECLS group). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality after HTx. The median duration of ECLS was 10.0 days. The 30-day mortality rate was 3.9% (9.2% in peripheral ECLS, 2.9% in central ECLS, and 1.9% in non-ECLS). The use of ECLS was not an independent predictor of 30-day and 1-year mortality (p = 0.248 and p = 0.882, respectively). Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were found to be higher ejection fraction (p 〈 0.001), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (p 〈 0.001), and total bilirubin level (p = 0.005). In a subgroup analysis, cannulation type was not a predictor of 30-day mortality (p = 0.275). Early ECLS application to prevent organ failure and sophisticated management of acute heart failure may be important steps in achieving favorable survival after HTx.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122542
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genomic Landscape of Young-Onset Bladder Cancer and Its Prognostic Implications on Adult Bladder Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-01-28), p. 307-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-01-28), p. 307-
    Abstract: Due to the rare occurrence of young-onset bladder cancer (YBC), its genomic characteristics remain largely unknown. Twenty-nine biopsy-proven YBC cases were collected using a nation-wide search for bladder cancer diagnosed at 20 years or younger. Whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were carried out in 21 and 11 cases, respectively, and compared with those of adult bladder cancer (ABC) cases obtained from public databases. Almost all YBCs were low grade, non-invasive papillary tumors. YBC had a low mutation burden and less complex copy number alterations. All cases harbored putative driver mutations. Mutations were most commonly found in HRAS (10 cases), with a preference for exon 5. FGFR3 gene fusions were noted with various partner genes (7 cases). The alterations on HRAS and FGFR3 occurred in a mutually exclusive manner. Others included KRAS mutations (2 cases), chromosomes 4p and 10q arm-level deletions (1 case), and ERCC2 mutation (1 case). There were no point mutations in TP53 and FGFR3. The gene expression profiles of YBC were similar to those of the ABC group with good prognosis. None of the YBCs and ABCs with YBC-like mutations showed progression to muscle-invasive tumors. Our results suggest that bladder cancer with YBC-like mutations represents an indolent bladder tumor, regardless of age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020307
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Effects of Forest Healing Anti-Aging Program on Psychological, Physiological, and Physical Health of Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2022-04-16), p. 4863-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2022-04-16), p. 4863-
    Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of a forest healing anti-aging program on psychological, physiological, and physical health in older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Twenty-two older people with MCI living in the city participated in a forest healing anti-aging program. Psychological indicators included the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Beck depression inventory (BDI), profile of mood states (POMS), World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Physiological indicators included vital signs, body composition, and blood analysis. Physical indicators included the senior fitness test (SFT), muscle strength, spatiotemporal parameter of gait, static balance, and dynamic balance. Psychological, physiological, and physical indicators were evaluated at first and second pre-measurement, post-measurement, and one-month follow-up. MMSE, BDI, POMS, WHOQOL, body composition, blood analysis, SFT, muscle strength, spatiotemporal parameter of gait, and dynamic balance were significantly different between pre- and post-measurement. Beck depression inventory, POMS, WHOQOL, PSQI, SFT, muscle strength (elbow flexor muscle, knee extensor muscle), spatiotemporal parameter of gait significantly improved continually until the one-month follow-up. In conclusion, the forest healing program had a positive effect on the psychological, physiological, and physical health of older people with MCI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084863
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
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    Effects of Alloying Elements (C, Mo) on Hydrogen Assisted Cracking Behaviors of A516-65 Steels in Sour Environments
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2020-09-21), p. 4188-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2020-09-21), p. 4188-
    Abstract: This study examined the effects of alloying elements (C, Mo) on hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) behaviors of A516-65 grade pressure vessel steel in sour environments. A range of experimental and analytical methods of HIC, SSC, electrochemical permeation, and immersion experiments were used. The steel with a higher C content had a larger fraction of banded pearlite, which acted as a reversible trap for hydrogen, and slower diffusion kinetics of hydrogen was obtained. In addition, a higher hardness in the mid-thickness regions of the steel, due to center segregation, resulted in easier HIC propagation. On the other hand, the steel with a higher Mo content showed more dispersed banded pearlite and a larger amount of irreversibly trapped hydrogen. Nevertheless, the addition of Mo to the steel can deteriorate the surface properties through localized pitting and the local detachment of corrosion products with uneven interfaces, increasing the vulnerability to SSC. The mechanistic reasons for the results are discussed, and a desirable alloy design for ensuring an enhanced resistance to hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13184188
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Protective Effects of Fermented Oyster Extract against RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis through Scavenging ROS Generation in RAW 264.7 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2019-03-21), p. 1439-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2019-03-21), p. 1439-
    Abstract: Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts causes bone loss-related diseases and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as second messengers in intercellular signaling pathways during osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we explored the protective effects of fermented oyster extract (FO) against receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in murine monocyte/macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Our results showed that FO markedly inhibited RANKL-induced activation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and formation of F-actin ring structure. Mechanistically, FO has been shown to down-regulate RANKL-induced expression of osteoclast-specific markers by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and c-Fos. Furthermore, FO markedly diminished ROS production by RANKL stimulation, which was associated with blocking the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1) and its regulatory subunit Rac-1. However, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NOX1 suppressed RANKL-induced expression of osteoclast-specific markers and production of ROS and attenuated osteoclast differentiation as in the FO treatment group. Collectively, our findings suggest that FO has anti-osteoclastogenic potential by inactivating the NF-κB-mediated NFATc1 and c-Fos signaling pathways and inhibiting ROS generation, followed by suppression of osteoclast-specific genes. Although further studies are needed to demonstrate efficacy in in vivo animal models, FO may be used as an effective alternative agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoclastogenic bone diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061439
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Caused by Galvanic Corrosion of Steel Weld in a Sour Environment
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-14), p. 5282-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-14), p. 5282-
    Abstract: This study examined the hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) caused by galvanic corrosion of an ASTM A516-65 steel weld in a wet sour environment using a combination of standard immersion corrosion test, electrochemical analyses, and morphological observation of corrosion damage. This study showed that the weld metal has lower open circuit potential, and higher anodic and cathodic reaction rates than the base metal. The preferential dissolution and much higher density of localized corrosion damage were observed in the weld metal of the welded steel. On the other hand, the presence of weldment can make steel more susceptible to HIC, specifically, in areas of the base metal but not in the weld metal or heat affected zone, which is in contrast to typical expectations based on metallurgical knowledge. This can be explained by galvanic corrosion interactions between the weldment and the base metal, acting as a small anode and a large cathode, respectively. This type of galvanic couple can provide large surface areas for infusing cathodically-reduced hydrogen on the base metal in wet sour environments, increasing the susceptibility of welded steel to HIC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14185282
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 10
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    Association between CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen Stroke Risk Scores and Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Who Received Endovascular Thrombectomy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 5599-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 5599-
    Abstract: Background: CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen stroke risk scores are used to estimate thromboembolism risk. We aimed to investigate the association between unfavorable outcomes and stroke risk scores in patients who received endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Methods: This study was performed using data from a nationwide, multicenter registry to explore the selection criteria for patients who would benefit from reperfusion therapies. We calculated pre-admission CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen scores for each patient who received EVT and compared the relationship between these scores and 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) records. Results: Among the 404 patients who received EVT, 213 (52.7%) patients had unfavorable outcomes (mRS 3–6). All scores were significantly higher in patients with unfavorable outcomes than in those with favorable outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that CHADS2 and the ATRIA score were positively correlated with unfavorable outcomes after adjusting for body mass index and variables with p 〈 0.1 in the univariable analysis (CHADS2 score: odds ratio [OR], 1.484; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.290–1.950; p = 0.005, ATRIA score, OR, 1.128; 95% CI, 1.041–1.223; p = 0.004). Conclusions: The CHADS2 and ATRIA scores were positively correlated with unfavorable outcomes and could be used to predict unfavorable outcomes in patients who receive EVT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195599
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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