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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A CFD-Based Data-Driven Reduced Order Modeling Method for Damaged Ship Motion in Waves
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-03-23), p. 686-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-03-23), p. 686-
    Abstract: A simple CFD-based data-driven reduced order modeling method was proposed for the study of damaged ship motion in waves. It consists of low-order modeling of the whole concerned parameter range and high-order modeling for selected key scenarios identified with the help of low-order results. The difference between the low and high-order results for the whole parameter range, where the main trend of the physics behind the problem is expected to be captured, is then modeled by some commonly used machine learning or data regression methods based on the data from key scenarios which is chosen as Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial (PCHIP) in this study. The final prediction is obtained by adding the results from the low-order model and the difference. The low and high-order modeling were conducted through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with coarse and refined meshes. Taking the roll Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) of a DTMB-5415 ship model with a damaged cabin as an example, the proposed physics-informed data-driven model was shown to have the same level of accuracy as pure high-order modeling, whilst the computational time can be reduced by 22~55% for the studied cases. This simple reduced order modeling approach is also expected to be applicable to other ship hydrodynamic problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11040686
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Policy Analysis of Biomass Recycling Supply Chain Considering Carbon and Pollution Emission Reduction—Taking China’s Straw Subsidy Policy for Example
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Systems Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-07-04), p. 343-
    Details
    In: Systems, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-07-04), p. 343-
    Abstract: In recent years, global environmental problems such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect have become more and more serious. The utilization of biomass energy not only can promote low-carbon transformation to establish a competitive advantage through value creation under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality but is also an important force in solving environmental problems. Government subsidy policies play an important role in promoting the development of biomass energy utilization. Taking straw as an example, this paper constructs a straw recycling supply chain system dynamics model consisting of farmers, acquisition stations, power plants, and pyrolysis plants based on a real-world case. Two types of straw processing, namely power generation and pyrolysis, are considered in the model. This paper analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of three subsidy policies, namely the unified rate policy, the linear growth policy, and a two-step policy, by comparing the profit, carbon, and pollution emission reduction benefits of the supply chain under different subsidy scenarios. The result shows that, among the three subsidy policies, the unified rate policy shows the best-promoting effect. The research results and policy implications in this paper could be a reference for governments trying to formulate subsidy policies for developing biomass energy utilization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-8954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/systems11070343
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2663185-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    NPA-Cu2+ Complex as a Fluorescent Sensing Platform for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Glyphosate
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2021-09-10), p. 9816-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2021-09-10), p. 9816-
    Abstract: Glyphosate is a highly effective, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum herbicide, which is extensively used in global agriculture to control weeds and vegetation. However, glyphosate has become a potential threat to human and ecosystem because of its excessive usage and its bio-concentration in soil and water. Herein, a novel turn-on fluorescent probe, N-n-butyl-4-(3-pyridin)ylmethylidenehydrazine-1,8-naphthalimide (NPA), is proposed. It efficiently detected Cu2+ within the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.21 μM and displayed a dramatic turn-off fluorescence response in CH3CN. NPA-Cu2+ complex was employed to selectively and sensitively monitor glyphosate concentrations in real samples accompanied by a fluorescence turn-on mode. A good linear relationship between NPA and Cu2+ of glyphosate was found in the range of 10–100 μM with an LOD of 1.87 μM. Glyphosate exhibited a stronger chelation with Cu2+ than NPA and the system released free NPA through competitive coordination. The proposed method demonstrates great potential in quantitatively detecting glyphosate in tap water, local water from Songhua River, soil, rice, millet, maize, soybean, mung bean, and milk with mild conditions, and is a simple procedure with obvious consequences and no need for large instruments or pretreatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189816
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Co-Infection with Marek’s Disease Virus and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Increases Illness Severity and Reduces Marek’s Disease Vaccine Efficacy
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Viruses Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2017-06-21), p. 158-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2017-06-21), p. 158-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v9060158
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Chinese Variant Marek’s Disease Virus Strain with Divergence between Virulence and Vaccine Resistance
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Viruses Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2017-04-03), p. 71-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2017-04-03), p. 71-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v9040071
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria Can Promote the Quality and Feeding Value of Broussonetia papyrifera (Paper Mulberry) Silage
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-01-10), p. 25-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-01-10), p. 25-
    Abstract: In this study, the influence of two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains [Lactobacillus rhamnosus BDy (LR-BDy) and Lactobacillus buchneri TSy (LB-TSy)] selected from Southwest China on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro gas production of Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) silage were experimentally explored. The experimental groups were a control group (C), an LB-TSy treatment (LB), an LR-BDy treatment (LR), and an LR-BDy + LB-TSy hybrid group (LR × LB). After the LAB were added, the pH value of paper mulberry silage significantly declined (p 〈 0.05), and the crude protein content was effectively preserved (p 〈 0.05). However, no significant changes were found in the levels of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude ash (p 〉 0.05). The lactic acid content in paper mulberry silage was evidently increased (p 〈 0.05). The in vitro gas production in the LR at 36, 48, and 72 h were markedly higher than that in the other treatments (p 〈 0.05). Owing to the addition of LAB, the microbial diversity in paper mulberry silage was reduced, while the relative bacterial abundance of Lactobacillus was enhanced. Hence, the addition of LAB selected from the warm and humid region in Southwest China can improve the quality of paper mulberry silage and elevate its feeding value in this region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010025
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813985-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Aerobic Stability of Perennial Recut Broussonetia papyrifera Silage with Different Additives and Wilting Time
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2022-06-02), p. 262-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2022-06-02), p. 262-
    Abstract: Broussonetia papyrifera L. (paper mulberry) is an alternative woody plant, which can used to replace part of the protein feed for ruminants. Ensiling is an effective way to preserve fresh pasture and to solve the problem of stable storage and feed conversion of paper mulberry in the rapid growth period. However, low dry matter (DM), water-soluble carbohydrate, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) reduce the quality of paper mulberry silage. This study assesses the influence of wilting time (0 h and 3.5 h; lighting: 3.43 × 104 Lux) and three additives (Enterococcus durans, CL; cellulase, CE; and formic acid, FA) on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial community of whole plant B. papyrifera silage. The whole plant B. papyrifera sample was mowed and wilted for 0 h and 3.5 h, and then had CL, CE, or FA added, followed by 60 days of ensiling. The results show all silage samples had high fermentation quality with pH below 4.2, ammonia-nitrogen below 100 g/kg DM, and no detectable butyric acid. The additives protected the DM and the crude protein from protease activity (p 〈 0.05), and CL was the most effective among them. Furthermore, wilting time influenced the silage’s bacterial communities, but overall, CL treatment had the greatest impact on bacterial communities. Wilting time and formic acid treatment significantly improved aerobic stability (p 〈 0.05). Enterococcus was positively correlated with lactic acid (LA), while negatively correlated with LA and Weissella (p 〈 0.001). Enterococcus was identified as the main driver of the whole plant paper mulberry ensiling process in the present study. In conclusion, compared to other additives, LAB is the most effective and economical to improve the fermentation quality and reduce the protein degradation of whole plant paper mulberry silage. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to improve the quality and production of paper mulberry silage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060262
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813985-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamic Modeling and Full-Process Simulation of the Core Engine Test Rig Main Test System
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 11213-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 11213-
    Abstract: As a virtual digital model that can reflect physical entities or systems, digital twins are revolutionizing industry. The first prerequisite for the construction of digital twins is the establishment of high-precision and complex entities or system models. A 47-components numerical system is established for the core engine test rig main test system by using the finite volume modularization modeling method. A comprehensive solution to the system-level valve-spool/orifice throttling modeling, the key issue of the fluid pipeline system modeling, is presented, and the algorithms of throttling and mixing are deepened and expanded. The full-process simulation study on two tests of normal-temperature 1400 s and low-temperature 1240 s shows that the combined regulation of five regulator valves and the change of cold source directly decide dynamic change of the system in each stage; the simulation reveals the phenomena such as the gas cylinder cooling with deflation, the air cooling when expanding from main pipeline to two branch pipelines, shunting flow by branch pipeline, and the cold and hot gases mixing; the overall variation trends of the simulation curves are consistent with those of all the experimental curves of the test rig normal-temperature/low-temperature air supply lines, exhaust bypass, and engine main line in two operating conditions, and the maximum error between simulation curves and test curves of pressure, total pressure, and total temperature is less than 12%. The numerical system can be used for the construction of virtual models of digital twins, and the modeling method provides a feasible solution to the key technology of digital twins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app112311213
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Poleward Migration of Spatial Asymmetry in Tropical Cyclone Precipitation over the Western North Pacific
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2023-06-26), p. 1074-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2023-06-26), p. 1074-
    Abstract: Comprehensive understanding of the spatial characteristics of tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation is essential for effective socioeconomic planning and scientific research. The present study examines the spatial asymmetry in TC precipitation over the western North Pacific (WNP) concerning various factors, including latitudes, sea surface temperature (SST), TC intensity, and translation speed, based on satellite observations. The results reveal a significant poleward migration of TC precipitation asymmetry particularly above 15° N. Furthermore, the asymmetry exhibits considerable sensitivity to changes in TC center latitudes and SSTs, characterized by anticlockwise and northeastward migration, respectively. The poleward migration of TC precipitation spatial asymmetry is primarily due to the poleward decreasing SST, increasing vertical wind shear and increasing TC translation speed. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of TC behavior over the WNP and provide valuable insights for disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos14071074
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What Determines Forest Farmers’ Participation in Afforestation Programs? Empirical Evidence from a Population-Based Census Survey
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-06-03), p. 3962-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-06-03), p. 3962-
    Abstract: Afforestation programs have become increasingly significant as policymakers attempt to protect the environment and reduce climate change. Although many studies have examined the participation decisions of forest farm households in afforestation programs, these studies fail to consider different types of these policies. This paper fills this knowledge gap by studying the determinants of forest farms participating in two afforestation programs on plain and sloped land in Taiwan. We construct a population-based sample of forest farms drawn from agricultural census surveys in Taiwan and estimate the multinomial logit model. We find that failing to distinguish between afforestation programs may result in misleading findings. Moreover, socio-demographic and farm production characteristics also affect participation decisions. Additional results from a simple simulation exercise show that forest farms are more likely to enroll in afforestation programs on sloped land, possibly due to lower opportunity costs
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113962
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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