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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Peroxiredoxin II Maintains the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential against Alcohol-Induced Apoptosis in HT22 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-12-18), p. 1-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-12-18), p. 1-
    Abstract: Excessive alcohol intake can significantly reduce cognitive function and cause irreversible learning and memory disorders. The brain is particularly vulnerable to alcohol-induced ROS damage; the hippocampus is one of the most sensitive areas of the brain for alcohol neurotoxicity. In the present study, we observed significant increasing of intracellular ROS accumulations in Peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) knockdown HT22 cells, which were induced by alcohol treatments. We also found that the level of ROS in mitochondrial was also increased, resulting in a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The phosphorylation of GSK3β (Ser9) and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 expression levels were significantly downregulated in Prx II knockdown HT22 cells, which suggests that Prx II knockdown HT22 cells were more susceptible to alcohol-induced apoptosis. Scavenging the alcohol-induced ROS with NAC significantly decreased the intracellular ROS levels, as well as the phosphorylation level of GSK3β in Prx II knockdown HT22 cells. Moreover, NAC treatment also dramatically restored the mitochondrial membrane potential and the cellular apoptosis in Prx II knockdown HT22 cells. Our findings suggest that Prx II plays a crucial role in alcohol-induced neuronal cell apoptosis by regulating the cellular ROS levels, especially through regulating the ROS-dependent mitochondrial membrane potential. Consequently, Prx II may be a therapeutic target molecule for alcohol-induced neuronal cell death, which is closely related to ROS-dependent mitochondria dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Cell Wall Regeneration of Tobacco Protoplasts Based on Microfluidic System
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2022-11-25), p. 2507-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2022-11-25), p. 2507-
    Abstract: The cell wall, serving as the exoskeleton of plants, is naturally a barrier to resist external stresses. Protoplasts can be obtained by dissolving the cell walls of plant cells without damaging the cell membrane, and are widely used in the rapid propagation, transgenic breeding, and somatic hybridization of plants. However, to regenerate the cell wall is a precondition for cell division. Therefore, to study the culture condition and influencing factors during the cell wall regeneration of protoplasts is vital. Traditionally, culture medium is used to cultivate protoplasts, but it has some disadvantages. Herein, a microfluidic system with crossed channels was constructed to isolate and cultivate the protoplasts of tobacco. Then, the cell wall regeneration of the tobacco protoplasts was also studied based on this microfluidic system. It was found that, compared with the control, benzo-(1, 2, 3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) could accelerate the regeneration of the cell wall, while Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) could inhibit the regeneration of the cell wall within 24 h. To conclude, this study demonstrated that a crossed microfluidic chip could be an effective tool to study cell wall regeneration or other behavior of plant cells in situ with high resolution. In addition, this study revealed the rate of cell wall regeneration under BTH and Pst DC3000 treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10122507
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Dual-Channel Microfluidic Chip for Single Tobacco Protoplast Isolation and Dynamic Capture
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2022-11-29), p. 2109-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2022-11-29), p. 2109-
    Abstract: Protoplasts are widely used in gene function verification, subcellular localization, and single-cell sequencing because of their complete physiological activities. The traditional methods based on tissues and organs cannot satisfy the requirement. Therefore, the isolation and capture of a single protoplast are most important to these studies. In this study, a dual-channel microfluidic chip based on PDMS with multi-capture cavities was designed. The design theory of the dual-channel microfluidic chip’s geometry was discussed. The capture mechanism of the single cell in a dual-channel microfluidic chip was studied by simulation analysis. Our results showed that a single polystyrene microsphere or tobacco protoplast was successfully isolated and trapped in this chip. The capture efficiency of the chip was 83.33% for the single tobacco protoplast when the inlet flow rate was 0.75 μL/min. In addition, the dynamic capture of the polystyrene microsphere and tobacco protoplasts was also presented. Overall, our study not only provided a new strategy for the subsequent high throughput single protoplast research, but also laid a theoretical foundation for the capture mechanism of the single cell.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi13122109
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structure-Based Bioisosterism Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity and Toxicity of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Substituted Benzamides Analogues Containing Pyrazole Rings
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-22), p. 4692-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-22), p. 4692-
    Abstract: In order to discover pesticidal lead compounds with high activity and low toxicity, a series of novel benzamides substituted with pyrazole-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole were designed via bioisosterism. The chemical structures of the target compounds were confirmed via 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS analysis. The preliminary bioassay showed that most compounds exhibited good lethal activities against Mythimna separate, Helicoverpa armigera, Ostrinia nubilalis and Spodoptera frugiperda at 500 mg/L. Particularly in the case of Mythimna separate, compound 14q (70%) exhibited obvious insecticidal activity. In addition, compound 14h demonstrated good fungicidal activity against Pyricularia oryae with an inhibition rate of 77.8%, and compounds 14e, 14k, 14n and 14r also showed certain antifungal activities (55.6–66.7%). The zebrafish toxicity test showed that the LC50 of compound 14h was 14.01 mg/L, which indicated that it may be used as a potential leading compound for further structural optimization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154692
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benzamides Substituted with Quinoline-Linked 1,2,4-Oxadiazole: Synthesis, Biological Activity and Toxicity to Zebrafish Embryo
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2022-06-20), p. 3946-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2022-06-20), p. 3946-
    Abstract: To develop new compounds with high activity, broad spectrum and low-toxicity, 17 benzamides substituted with quinoline-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole were designed using the splicing principle of active substructures and were synthesized. The biological activities were evaluated against 10 fungi, indicating that some of the synthetic compounds showed excellent fungicidal activities. For example, at 50 mg/L, the inhibitory activity of 13p (3-Cl-4-Cl substituted, 86.1%) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was superior to that of quinoxyfen (77.8%), and the inhibitory activity of 13f (3-CF3 substituted, 77.8%) was comparable to that of quinoxyfen. The fungicidal activities of 13f and 13p to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were better than that of quinoxyfen (14.19 mg/L), with EC50 of 6.67 mg/L and 5.17 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the acute toxicity of 13p was 19.42 mg/L, classifying it as a low-toxic compound.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123946
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thickening Supercritical CO2 with π-Stacked Co-Polymers: Molecular Insights into the Role of Intermolecular Interaction
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Polymers Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2018-03-06), p. 268-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2018-03-06), p. 268-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym10030268
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Root Endophytic Fungi Community Structure of Pennisetum sinese from Four Representative Provinces in China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2019-09-09), p. 332-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2019-09-09), p. 332-
    Abstract: Pennisetum sinese is a good forage grass with high biomass production and crude proteins. However, little is known about the endophytic fungi diversity of P. sinese, which might play an important role in the plant’s growth and biomass production. Here, we used high throughput sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences based on primers ITS5-1737 and ITS2-2043R to investigate the endophytic fungi diversity of P. sinese roots at the maturity stage, as collected from four provinces (Shaanxi province, SX; Fujian province, FJ; the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous prefecture, XJ and Inner Mongolia, including sand (NS) and saline-alkali land (NY), China). The ITS sequences were processed using QIIME and R software. A total of 374,875 effective tags were obtained, and 708 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were yielded with 97% identity in the five samples. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two dominant phyla in the five samples, and the genera Khuskia and Heydenia were the most abundant in the FJ and XJ samples, respectively, while the most abundant tags in the other three samples could not be annotated at the genus level. In addition, our study revealed that the FJ sample possessed the highest OTU numbers (242) and the NS sample had the lowest (86). Moreover, only 22 OTUs were present in all samples simultaneously. The beta diversity analysis suggested a division of two endophytic fungi groups: the FJ sample from the south of China and the other four samples from north or northwest China. Correlation analysis between the environmental factors and endophytic fungi at the class level revealed that Sordariomycetes and Pucciniomycetes had extremely significant positive correlations with the total carbon, annual average precipitation, and annual average temperature, while Leotiomycetes showed an extremely significant negative correlation with quick acting potassium. The results revealed significant differences in the root endophytic fungi diversity of P. sinese in different provinces and might be useful for growth promotion and biomass production in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090332
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    RNA-Seq and 16S rRNA Reveals That Tian–Dong–Tang–Gan Powder Alleviates Environmental Stress-Induced Decline in Immune and Antioxidant Function and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Litopenaeus vannami
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1262-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1262-
    Abstract: Ammonia stress and nitrite stress can induce immune depression and oxidative stress in Litopenaeus vannami (L. vannamei). Earlier reports showed that L. vannamei immunity, resistance to ammonia stress, and resistance to nitrite stress improved after Tian–Dong–Tang–Gan Powder (TDTGP) treatment, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, three thousand L. vannamei were fed different doses of TDTGP for 35 days and then subjected to ammonia and nitrite stress treatments for 72 h. Transcriptome and 16-Seq ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (16S rRNA-seq) were used to analyze hepatopancreas gene expression and changes in gut microbiota abundance in each group. The results showed that after TDTGP treatment, hepatopancreas mRNA expression levels of immunity- and antioxidant-related genes were increased, the abundance of Vibrionaceae in the gut microbiota was decreased, and the abundance of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae was increased. In addition, after TDTGP treatment, the effects of ammonia and nitrite stress on the mRNA expression of Pu, cat-4, PPAF2, HO, Hsp90b1, etc. were reduced and the disruption of the gut microbiota was alleviated. In short, TDTGP can regulate the immunity and antioxidant of L. vannamei by increasing the expression levels of immunity- and antioxidant-related genes and regulating the abundance of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae in the gut microbiota.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061262
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tensile Properties and Microstructural Evolution of an Al-Bearing Ferritic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Metals Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-01-04), p. 86-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-01-04), p. 86-
    Abstract: The influence of temperature and strain rate on the hot tensile properties of 0Cr18AlSi ferritic stainless steel, a potential structural material in the ultra-supercritical generation industry, was investigated at temperatures ranging from 873 to 1123 K and strain rates of 1.7 × 10−4–1.7 × 10−2 s−1. The microstructural evolution linked to the hot deformation mechanism was characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). At the same strain rate, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decrease rapidly from 873 K to 1023 K and then gradually to 1123 K. Meanwhile, both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase with the increase in strain rate. At high temperatures and low strain rates, the prolonged necking deformation can be observed, which determines the ductility of the steel to some extent. The maximum elongation is obtained at 1023 K for the strain rates of 1.7 × 10−3 and 1.7 × 10−2 s−1, while this temperature is postponed to 1073 K once decreasing the strain rate to 1.7 × 10−4 s−1. Dynamic recovery (DRV) and continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) are found to be the main softening mechanisms during the hot tensile deformation. With the increase of temperature and the decrease of strain rate (i.e., 1123 K and 1.7 × 10−4 s−1), the sub-grain coalescence becomes the main mode of CDRX that evolved from the sub-grain rotation. The gradual decrease in strength above 1023 K is related to the limited increase of dynamic recrystallization and the sufficient DRV. The area around the new small recrystallized grains on the coarse grain boundaries provides the nucleation site for cavity, which generally results in a reduction in ductility. Constitutive analysis shows that the stress exponent and the deformation activation energy are 5.9 and 355 kJ·mol−1 respectively, indicating that the dominant deformation mechanism is the dislocations motion controlled by climb. This work makes a deeply understanding of the hot deformation behavior and its mechanism of the Al-bearing ferritic stainless steel and thus provides a basal design consideration for its extensive application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met10010086
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathogenesis, Early Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2019-06-02), p. 2712-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2019-06-02), p. 2712-
    Abstract: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to the damages to the liver and its functions due to alcohol overconsumption. It consists of fatty liver/steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, steatohepatitis, chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease are extremely complicated due to the involvement of immune cells, adipose tissues, and genetic diversity. Clinically, the diagnosis of ALD is not yet well developed. Therefore, the number of patients in advanced stages has increased due to the failure of proper early detection and treatment. At present, abstinence and nutritional therapy remain the conventional therapeutic interventions for ALD. Moreover, the therapies which target the TNF receptor superfamily, hormones, antioxidant signals, and MicroRNAs are used as treatments for ALD. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gaining attention as a potential therapeutic target of ALD. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the current understandings of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of ALD. Moreover, we also discuss the various existing treatment strategies while focusing on promising therapeutic approaches for ALD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112712
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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