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  • MDPI AG  (3)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptability and Germination Characteristics of Volunteer Wheat in China’s Main Wheat-Producing Areas
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-08-04), p. 1090-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-08-04), p. 1090-
    Abstract: Volunteer wheat commonly occurs and spreads rapidly in the main wheat-producing areas of China, seriously impacting cultivated wheat production. Limited information is currently available regarding the adaptability and germination traits of volunteer wheat. Therefore, this study’s aim was to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions on the germination and emergence of volunteer wheat seeds through laboratory experiments. The results showed that the germination percentages and viability of volunteer wheat were significantly higher than those of cultivated wheat at a low temperature of 5 °C, and they were lower than those of cultivated wheat at high temperatures of above 30 °C. Compared to cultivated wheat, volunteer wheat was able to tolerate higher salinity and lower osmotic potential, especially long-dormancy volunteer wheat. The secondary germination ability of volunteer wheat was higher than that of cultivated wheat after water immersion. Furthermore, volunteer wheat could not emerge normally when the seeding depth was greater than 8 cm, and the emergence ability of the volunteer wheat was weaker than that of the cultivated wheats when the seeding depth was 4–8 cm, which indicates that the deep tillage of cultivated land could effectively prevent the spread of volunteer wheat. This study revealed differences in the germination characteristics of volunteer wheat and cultivated wheat under the influence of different environmental factors, which provides a basis for future studies concerning the control of volunteer wheat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12081090
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Candidate Genes Involved in Tolerance to Fenoxaprop-P-Ethyl in Rice Induced by Isoxadifen-Ethyl Hydrolysate
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-11), p. 225-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-11), p. 225-
    Abstract: The metabolic resistance of plants to herbicides is similar to the herbicide metabolism process accelerated by safeners. The tolerance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE) is distinct among different varieties of rice in which phytotoxicity forms easily, resulting in the restricted use of FE in paddy. Safener effectively resolves this issue. This study showed that rice 9311 and Meixiangzhan No. 2 (MXZ) had different tolerance mechanisms to FE. Isoxadifen-ethyl hydrolysate (IH) alleviated FE the inhibition of rice growth. Transcriptome sequencing revealed numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two varieties. A total of 31 metabolic enzyme genes related to herbicide detoxification were screened by analyzing the DEGs in different rice varieties or treatments. The results of the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated that 12 genes were potential metabolic genes resistant to FE in rice. Additionally, the enhanced expression of GSTU6, DIMBOA UGT BX8, and ABCG39 was confirmed to be induced by safener. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the induced expression of these three genes might be crucial for resistance to herbicide phytotoxicity in crops. These results may help us to understand herbicide metabolism in crops and to develop novel strategies for the safe use of herbicides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13010225
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nontarget Site-Based Resistance to Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and Candidate Genes Involved in Alopecurus japonicus
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1587-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1587-
    Abstract: Nontarget-site resistance (NTSR) is a complex multigenic trait that is associated with the potential mechanisms of herbicide resistance which pose a serious threat to global crop protection. However, the NTSR mechanisms of Alopecurus japonicus, a malignant weed infesting wheat fields, are less characterized. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing transcriptome and enzyme activity detection to investigate the NTSR mechanisms and candidate genes involved in fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE) in a previously identified resistant population compared to the sensitive population of A. japonicus. Transcriptome analysis identified nine upregulated genes, which were constitutively overexpressed and upregulated by FE application in the resistant population, and the results were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. These genes including one cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) gene (CYP75B4), one ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene (ABCG36), one laccase (LAC) gene (LAC15), one 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene (NCED5), two purple acid phosphatase (PAP) genes (PAP4, PAP15), one sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene (SPS3), one protein related to disease resistance gene (RGA3) and one immune protein gene (R1B-17). The activity assay of LAC, NCED, PAP and SPS revealed that the activities of these enzymes in the resistant population were significantly higher than those in the sensitive population at 0 h and after FE application at 12 h, 24 h and 72 h. Nevertheless, whether LAC, NCED, PAP and SPS genes were involved in herbicide metabolism needs to be further validated. Our results revealed that CYP, ABC transporter and LAC genes may participate in A. japonicus resistance. These genes identified in the present study provide new insights into the resistance mechanism of weeds in response to herbicide. Our study also implies the complexity of the NTSR mechanisms of weeds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13061587
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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