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  • MDPI AG  (14)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Natural Gas and Renewable Energy in Curbing Carbon Emission: Case Study of the United States
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2017-04-13), p. 600-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2017-04-13), p. 600-
    Abstract: This paper adopts the vector auto-regression model (VAR) to study the dynamic effect of renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions. Our model is based on a given level of primary energy consumption, economic growth and natural gas consumption in the US, from 1990 to 2015. Our results indicate that a long-running equilibrium relationship exists between carbon emissions and four other variables. According to the variance decomposition of carbon dioxide emissions, the use of primary energy has a positive and notable influence on CO2 emissions, compared to other variables. From the Impulse Response Function (IRF) results, we find that the use of renewable energy would remarkably reduce carbon emissions, despite leading to an increase in emissions in the early stages. Natural gas consumption will have a negative impact on CO2 emissions in the beginning, but will have only a modest impact on carbon emission reductions in the long run. Finally, our study indicates that the use of renewable forms of energy is an effective solution to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The findings of our study will help policy makers develop energy-saving and emission-reduction policies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su9040600
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Investigating Low-Carbon Agriculture: Case Study of China’s Henan Province
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-12-11), p. 2295-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-12-11), p. 2295-
    Abstract: Developing low-carbon agriculture requires investigating the trajectory, decoupling statuses, and driving forces of agricultural carbon emissions. This study explored the evolution of agricultural carbon emissions based on 18 kinds of major carbon emission sources in Henan Province of China, which produces approximately one-tenth of China’s total grain output. We then analyzed the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth using the decoupling elasticity model, and identified the factors driving the decoupling status. This analysis was done with a decoupling elasticity model, using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index technique. There were three key results: (1) Agricultural carbon emissions totaled 16.61 million tons in 1999, and increased by 7.99% to 17.93 million tons in 2014, with an average growth rate of approximately 0.65%; (2) The decoupling relationship between agricultural carbon emissions and economic output was dominated by weak decoupling during the study period; (3) Agricultural labor productivity was the leading contributor to changes in agricultural carbon emissions, followed by farming-animal husbandry carbon intensity, labor, and agricultural structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su9122295
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    A Microfluidic Experimental Method for Studying Cell-to-Cell Exosome Delivery–Taking Stem Cell–Tumor Cell Interaction as a Case
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 17 ( 2023-08-30), p. 13419-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 17 ( 2023-08-30), p. 13419-
    Abstract: Cell-to-cell communication must occur through molecular transport in the intercellular fluid space. Nanoparticles, such as exosomes, diffuse or move more slowly in fluids than small molecules. To find a microfluidic technology for real-time exosome experiments on intercellular communication between living cells, we use the microfluidic culture dish’s quaternary ultra-slow microcirculation flow field to accumulate nanoparticles in a specific area. Taking stem cell–tumor cell interaction as an example, the ultra-slow microcirculatory flow field controls stem cell exosomes to interfere with tumor cells remotely. Under static coculture conditions (without microfluidics), the tumor cells near stem cells ( 〈 200 µm) show quick breaking through from its Matrigel drop to meet stem cells, but this ‘breaking through’ quickly disappears with increasing distance. In programmed ultra-slow microcirculation, stem cells induce tumor cells 5000 μm far at the site of exosome deposition (according to nanoparticle simulations). After 14 days of programmed coculture, the glomeration and migration of tumor cells were observed in the exosome deposition area. This example shows that the ultra-slow microcirculation of the microfluidic culture dish has good prospects in quantitative experiments to study exosome communication between living cells and drug development of cancer metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713419
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Integrating Digital Technologies and Public Health to Fight Covid-19 Pandemic: Key Technologies, Applications, Challenges and Outlook of Digital Healthcare
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 11 ( 2021-06-04), p. 6053-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 11 ( 2021-06-04), p. 6053-
    Abstract: Integration of digital technologies and public health (or digital healthcare) helps us to fight the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is the biggest public health crisis humanity has faced since the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. In order to better understand the digital healthcare, this work conducted a systematic and comprehensive review of digital healthcare, with the purpose of helping us combat the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper covers the background information and research overview of digital healthcare, summarizes its applications and challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic, and finally puts forward the prospects of digital healthcare. First, main concepts, key development processes, and common application scenarios of integrating digital technologies and digital healthcare were offered in the part of background information. Second, the bibliometric techniques were used to analyze the research output, geographic distribution, discipline distribution, collaboration network, and hot topics of digital healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic. We found that the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly accelerated research on the integration of digital technologies and healthcare. Third, application cases of China, EU and U.S using digital technologies to fight the COVID-19 pandemic were collected and analyzed. Among these digital technologies, big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, 5G are most effective weapons to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Applications cases show that these technologies play an irreplaceable role in controlling the spread of the COVID-19. By comparing the application cases in these three regions, we contend that the key to China’s success in avoiding the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic is to integrate digital technologies and public health on a large scale without hesitation. Fourth, the application challenges of digital technologies in the public health field are summarized. These challenges mainly come from four aspects: data delays, data fragmentation, privacy security, and data security vulnerabilities. Finally, this study provides the future application prospects of digital healthcare. In addition, we also provide policy recommendations for other countries that use digital technology to combat COVID-19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Biological Control Effect of Antagonistic Bacteria on Potato Black Scurf Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2024-02-08), p. 351-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2024-02-08), p. 351-
    Abstract: Potato black scurf, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a severe soil-borne disease that affects the quality and production of potatoes worldwide. In our study, we used Paenibacillus polymyxa YF and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HT to determine the antagonistic ability of R. solani, with a particular focus on the antagonistic action of P. polymyxa YF to R. solani and its biocontrol effect on potato black scurf. In fermentation, filtrate assay, 50% filtrate of P. polymyxa YF and B. amyloliquefaciens HT inhibited the growth of R. solani by 85.55% and 82.86%, respectively. Microscopic observations showed notable morphological changes with mycelial collapse, atrophy, and deformation following treatment with the antagonistic filtrates. Moreover, cell membrane permeability results showed increased conductivity in bacteria-treated samples compared to the control. P. polymyxa YF exhibited stable colonization on potato plants and secreted various extracellular enzymes (protease, amylase, and cellulase), along with the synthetic substances with growth-promoting effects, such as siderophores and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Whether it is in the excised tissue inoculation or potted experiment, the negative control showed the highest rank of disease symptoms. In the pot experiment, after YF treatment, physiological parameters showed remarkable changes in plant height, root length, stem thickness, and dry and fresh weight. Compared to blank control, the activities of the four resistant enzymes increased significantly in the P. polymyxa YF treatment group. The upregulation in the P. polymyxa YF group was 4.04, 0.54, 0.46, and 3.10 times, respectively. PCR analysis identified genes in both bacterial strains coding for antimicrobial lipopeptides, including fenB, ituC, and srfAA, which are associated with fengycin, iturin, and surfactin synthesis. These findings demonstrated that P. polymyxa YF has a prominent antagonistic effect on R. solani, suggesting its potential as an effective biological control agent for controlling potato black scurf.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy14020351
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Exceptional Strengthening Efficiency and Hardness of Ti/Mg-9Al-Zn-0.3Mn Matrix Composite
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 20 ( 2022-10-11), p. 7075-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 20 ( 2022-10-11), p. 7075-
    Abstract: The involvement of magnesium matrix composite enhanced by metal particles, the development of low lattice mismatch interface, and the refining of particle size are all of great significance in improving strengthening efficiency. In this work, nano-crystalline Ti/Mg-9Al-Zn-0.3Mn composites were prepared by mechanical milling. The microstructure was characterized and the mechanical property was measured. After mechanical milling, the grain of the Mg matrix was refined to ~72 nm. Ti particles were smashed to submicron scale, and dispersed in the Mg matrix. In total, 68% of Ti particles were nano-scale and the average particle size was 133 nm. A nano-scale Mg17Al12 precipitate was found and the average particle size was approximately 44 nm. Meanwhile, coherent interfaces of Ti/Mg and Mg17Al12/Mg were observed, and it was found that the (101)Mg plane and (100)Ti plane inclined 12° and [044]Mg17Al12 was parallel to [010] Mg. The hardness of the milled Ti/Mg-9Al-Zn-0.3Mn composite was 1.98 GPa, 247% higher than the initial alloy. Milled Mg-9Al-Zn-0.3Mn alloy under the same preparation processing was used as a comparison, and the value of hardness was 1.53 GPa. Tiny Ti particles displayed excellent strengthening efficiency. Strengthening mechanisms of the milled Ti/Mg-9Al-Zn-0.3Mn composite were analyzed and the main strengthening mechanisms included the strengthening of grain boundary strengthening, Orowan strengthening, dislocation strengthening, solid solution strengthening and load-bearing strengthening, which accounted for 56.3%, 18.2%, 17.4%, 4.7% and 3.5%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15207075
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
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    Investigating the Factors Influencing the Decoupling of Transport-Related Carbon Emissions from Turnover Volume in China
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-08-27), p. 3034-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-08-27), p. 3034-
    Abstract: With the boom of vehicles, especially the dramatic rise of private car ownership, in China, transport CO2 emission in China has surged. However, China has been taking the responsibility to cut down carbon emissions and to make positive efforts towards technology innovations in the transport sector. Breaking the link between transport carbon emissions and transport turnover capacity for the past decades should be analyzed. The paper tested the decoupling degree and ranked its potential determinants for every transport mode in consideration of specific transport mode characteristics. We extended the original Kaya identity to make the factor analysis more pertinent to the analysis of transport-related CO2 emissions. Besides, we combined the decomposition technique with decoupling analysis, decomposing the transport decoupling index into five distinct aspects to detect the key drivers of the decoupling of transport-related CO2 emissions from transport turnover volume. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between transport-related CO2 emission and transport output, which also offers a novel perspective on transport and corresponding environmental research. The results uncovered that a weak decoupling state appeared between 1990–1995 and 2000–2010 in China’s transport sector. Transport energy efficiency exerted the most significant impact in accelerating the decoupling of transport-related CO2 emissions from turnover volume for all transport modes while the energy mix effect impeded the decoupling evolution in most observed periods. Railway transport turnover and rail locomotives shared rises boosted by decoupling evolution, while vehicular transport showed adverse effects. The rise of the transport facilities’ shares of railways, waterways, and airways also advanced the decoupling evolution. Hence, policies of switching travel modes and establishing a “smart growth” pattern for private vehicles should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su10093034
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
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    Genetic Diversity and Genetic Differentiation of Populations of Golden-Backed Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jinbei) in Traditional Rice Fields in Guizhou, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-05-27), p. 1377-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-05-27), p. 1377-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the current status of the germplasm resources of golden-backed carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jinbei) cultured in paddy fields in Guizhou Province, China. Five populations of golden-backed carp in Liping County, Jinping County, Huangping County, Congjiang County and Duyun City in Guizhou Province were subjected to high-throughput sequencing by 2b-RAD technology, and their genetic diversity and genetic differentiation were analysed. Based on sequencing, 44,896 SNP loci were obtained, and all five population genetic diversity indicators showed low diversity. In the NJ tree, the Congjiang and Liping populations were mixed together, and the other three groups formed a cluster. A cross-validation error box plot and pong cluster plot were constructed to show the K value results. When K = 1, the cross-validation error rate was the lowest. Principal component analysis showed that the Duyun population formed a group separate from the group comprising the other four populations. The genetic differentiation index and genetic distances between the Duyun population and the remaining four populations were greater than 0.05, indicating population differentiation. The genetic diversity of the five populations of golden-backed carp in Guizhou Province was low, the genetic differentiation of the Duyun population was the most significant, and the Duyun population was separate from the other four groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12111377
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
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    Dual-Drug Loaded Separable Microneedles for Efficient Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-07-21), p. 1518-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-07-21), p. 1518-
    Abstract: Although the inhibitors of the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have achieved a certain success in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), great effort should be made to overcome side effects and to improve patient compliance. The present research aimed to address these problems by the co-delivery of tocilizumab (TCZ)—an inhibitor of IL-6R—and an aptamer Apt1-67, which specifically inhibits TNF receptor 1 via separable microneedles (MN). MN were featured with a sustained release of TCZ from needle tips and a rapid release of Apt1-67 from needle bodies by using methacrylate groups grafted hyaluronic acid as the fillings of needle tips and polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the fillings of needle bodies. Our results demonstrated that TCZ and Apt1-67 were distributed in MN as expected, and they could be released to the surroundings in the skin. In vivo studies revealed that combined medication via MN (TCZ/Apt1-67@MN) was superior to MN loaded with a single drug. Compared with subcutaneous injection, TCZ/Apt1-67@MN was of great advantage in inhibiting bone erosion and alleviating symptoms of CIA mice. This study not only provides a novel approach for combined medication with different release properties but also supplies a strategy for improving drug efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071518
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Evaluating the Spatial Evolution of the Eco-Economy Harmony in Anxi County, China, Based on Ecosystem Services Value
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2024-02-09), p. 1491-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2024-02-09), p. 1491-
    Abstract: The harmonious development of the ecological environment and the economy is extremely important to achieve regional ecological construction and sustainable development. To properly assess the status of the harmonious development of the ecosystem and the economy, this study constructed an improved ecosystem services value (ESV) and eco-economic harmony (EEH) model to analyze the coordination relationships between the ecosystem and the economy in this region, based on Landsat TM/OLI data of Anxi County in 1999, 2009, and 2019. The results were as follows. (1) Significant changes in land- use occurred in Anxi County between 1999 and 2019. While grassland, cultivated land, and water bodies decreased by 22.91%, 36.82%, and 8.18%, respectively, other land-use types expanded including construction land (206.10%), garden land (56.39%), forest land (10.37%), and unutilized land (90.43%). (2) The ESV decreased by CNY 41.02 billion during this period, with the largest contribution from forest land and the most important service function being regulating services, and mountainous townships made a great contribution to the total ESV. (3) The eco-economic system of Anxi County was at an inharmonic level. The evaluation model produced more favorable results, especially at the township scale, which is highly sensitive to economic policy. This can provide scientific evidence for inter-regional ecological compensation and sustainable development while providing reference and inspiration for similar areas around the world to carry out relevant research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su16041491
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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