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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential Effectiveness of Hypothermic Targeted Temperature Management According to the Severity of Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 23 ( 2021-11-30), p. 5643-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 23 ( 2021-11-30), p. 5643-
    Abstract: International guidelines recommend targeted temperature management (TTM) to improve the neurological outcomes in adult patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). However, it still remains unclear if the lower temperature setting (hypothermic TTM) or higher temperature setting (normothermic TTM) is superior for TTM. According to the most recent large randomized controlled trial (RCT), hypothermic TTM was not found to be associated with superior neurological outcomes than normothermic TTM in PCAS patients. Even though this represents high-quality evidence obtained from a well-designed large RCT, we believe that we still need to continue investigating the potential benefits of hypothermic TTM. In fact, several studies have indicated that the beneficial effect of hypothermic TTM differs according to the severity of PCAS, suggesting that there may be a subgroup of PCAS patients that is especially likely to benefit from hypothermic TTM. Herein, we summarize the results of major RCTs conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of hypothermic TTM, review the recent literature suggesting the possibility that the therapeutic effect of hypothermic TTM differs according to the severity of PCAS, and discuss the potential of individualized TTM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235643
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Baseline High-Resolution CT Findings Predict Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: German and Japanese Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2019-11-24), p. 2069-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2019-11-24), p. 2069-
    Abstract: Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is a major cause of morbidity and death in IPF. However, sensitive predictive factors of AE-IPF have not been well-investigated. To investigate whether high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) abnormalities predict AE-IPF in independent ethnic cohorts, this study included 121 patients with IPF (54 German and 67 Japanese; mean age, 68.5 ± 7.6 years). Two radiologists independently visually assessed the presence and extent of lung abnormalities in each patient. Twenty-two (18.2%) patients experienced AE-IPF during the follow-up. The incidence of AE-IPF was significantly higher in the Japanese patients (n = 18, 26.9%) than in the German patients (n = 4, 7.3%, p 〈 0.01). In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with a larger extent of ground glass opacity (GGO), fibrosis, and traction bronchiectasis experienced an earlier onset of AE-IPF (p = 0.0033, 0.0088, and 0.049, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, a larger extent of GGO and fibrosis on HRCT were independent predictors of AE-IPF (p = 0.026 and 0.037, respectively). Additionally, Japanese ethnicity was independently associated with the incidence of AE-IPF after adjustment for HRCT findings (p = 0.0074). In conclusion, a larger extent of GGO and fibrosis on HRCT and Japanese ethnicity appear to be risk factors for AE-IPF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122069
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association between Wearing a Mask and COVID-19
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 17 ( 2021-08-30), p. 9131-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 17 ( 2021-08-30), p. 9131-
    Abstract: With the widespread and increasing number of cases of Coronavirus Disease (2019) globally, countries have been taking preventive measures against this pandemic. However, there is no universal agreement across cultures on whether wearing face masks are an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. We investigated the relationship between mask wearing and COVID-19 among close contacts of COVID-19 patients in the Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. In the Hiroshima Prefecture, a COVID-19 form adapted from the reporting form, “Japanese Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters”, was developed to collect data from COVID-19 patients’ close contacts under active epidemiological surveillance at Public Health Centers. The relative risk of COVID-19 for mask users versus non-mask users was calculated. A total of 820 interviewees were included in the analysis and 53.3% of them responded that they wore masks. Non-mask users were infected at a rate of 16.4%, while mask users were infected at a rate of 7.1%. Those who wore masks were infected at a rate of 0.4 times that of those who did not wear masks. (RR = 0.4, 95%CI = 0.3–0.6; Adjusted RR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.3–0.9). These findings implied that COVID-19 could be avoided to a certain degree by wearing a mask.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179131
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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