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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Deposited Fe-8Cr-3V-2Mo-2W on SCM420 Substrate Using Directed Energy Deposition and Effect of Post-Heat Treatment
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2021-03-05), p. 1231-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2021-03-05), p. 1231-
    Abstract: In this study, the Fe-8Cr-3V-2Mo-2W tool steel powder was deposited on the SCM420 substrate through the directed energy deposition (DED) process. This study focuses on the mechanical properties of the deposited Fe-8Cr-3V-2Mo-2W and the effect of heat treatment on it. The changes in the microstructural characteristics of the deposited region due to heat treatment after deposition were observed. The influence of heat treatment on the mechanical properties was then analyzed accordingly and hence, the hardness, wear, impact and tensile tests were conducted on the deposited material. These properties were compared with those of the commercial tool steel powder M2-deposited material and the carburized specimen. In the deposited Fe-8Cr-3V-2Mo-2W layer, an increased martensite phase fraction was obtained through post-heat treatment and the amount of precipitated carbides was also increased. This increased the hardness from 48 to 62 HRc after heat treatment and the wear resistance was significantly improved as well. The amount of impact energy absorbed decreased from 11 J before heat treatment to 6 J after heat treatment, but the tensile strength significantly increased from 607 to 922 MPa. When compared with the M2-deposited surface, the Fe-8Cr-3V-2Mo-2W deposits had 3% lower surface hardness and 76% lower fracture toughness but exhibited 56% higher tensile strength. When compared with the carburized SCM420, the Fe-8Cr-3V-2Mo-2W deposits exhibited 3% higher surface hardness and wear resistance, 90% lower fracture toughness and 5% higher tensile strength. This study shows that surface hardening through DED can exhibit similar or superior mechanical properties when compared to carburizing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14051231
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prenatal Diagnosis of Uniparental Disomy in Cases of Rare Autosomal Trisomies Detected Using Noninvasive Prenatal Test: A Case of Prader–Willi Syndrome
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-04), p. 580-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-04), p. 580-
    Abstract: Rare autosomal trisomies (RATs) other than common aneuploidies can be detected using noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). However, conventional karyotyping is insufficient for evaluating diploid fetuses with uniparental disomy (UPD) due to trisomy rescue. Using the diagnostic process for Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), we aim to describe the need for additional prenatal diagnostic testing for confirming UPD in fetuses diagnosed with RATs via NIPT and its clinical implications. NIPT was performed using the massively parallel sequencing (MPS) method, and all pregnant women with RATs underwent amniocentesis. After confirming the normal karyotype, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR), and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) were performed to detect UPD. Overall, six cases were diagnosed with RATs. There was a suspicion of trisomies of chromosomes 7, 8, and 15 in two cases each. However, these cases were confirmed to have a normal karyotype using amniocentesis. In one of six cases, PWS caused by maternal UPD 15 was diagnosed using MS-PCR and MS-MLPA. We propose that in cases where RAT is detected by NIPT, UPD should be considered following trisomy rescue. Even if amniocentesis confirms a normal karyotype, UPD testing (such as MS-PCR and MS-MLPA) should be recommended for accurate assessment, as an accurate diagnosis can lead to appropriate genetic counseling and improved overall pregnancy management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040580
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serum-Derived Exosomal MicroRNA Profiles Can Predict Poor Survival Outcomes in Patients with Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-11-27), p. 3548-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-11-27), p. 3548-
    Abstract: Exosomes containing microRNAs (miRNAs) might have utility as biomarkers to predict the risk of treatment failure in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) because exosomal cargo miRNAs could reflect tumor aggressiveness. We analyzed the exosomal miRNAs of patients in favorable (n = 22) and poor outcome (n = 23) groups in a training cohort. Then, using the Nanostring nCounter® microRNA array, we compared them with miRNAs identified in human NK/T lymphoma (NKTL) cell line-derived exosomes to develop exosomal miRNA profiles. We validated the prognostic value of serum exosomal miRNA profiles with an independent cohort (n = 85) and analyzed their association with treatment resistance using etoposide-resistant cell lines. A comparison of the top 20 upregulated miRNAs in the training cohort with poor outcomes with 16 miRNAs that were upregulated in both NKTL cell lines, identified five candidate miRNAs (miR-320e, miR-4454, miR-222-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-25-3p). Among these, increased levels of exosomal miR-4454, miR-21-5p, and miR-320e were associated with poor overall survival in the validation cohort. Increased levels were also found in relapsed patients post-treatment. These three miRNAs were overexpressed in NKTL cell lines that were resistant to etoposide. Furthermore, transfection of NKTL cell lines with miR-21-5p and miR-320e induced an increase in expression of the proinflammatory cytokines such as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha. These studies show that serum levels of exosomal miR-21-5p, miR-320e, and miR-4454 are increased in ENKTL patients with poor prognosis. Upregulation of these exosomal miRNAs in treatment-resistant cell lines suggests they have a role as biomarkers for the identification of ENKTL patients at high risk of treatment failure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123548
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimal Nozzle Position and Patient’s Posture to Enhance Drug Delivery into the Peritoneum during Rotational Intraperitoneal Pressurized Aerosol Chemotherapy in a Swine Model
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-10-31), p. 1799-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-10-31), p. 1799-
    Abstract: Even though rotational intraperitoneal pressurized aerosol chemotherapy (RIPAC) has been developed to improve the distribution and penetration depth of anti-cancer agents by pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC), the optimal nozzle position and patient’s posture have not been investigated. Thus, we used nine pigs weighing 50–60 kg, and sprayed 150 mL of 1% methylene blue as an aerosol through the nozzle, DreamPen® (Dreampac Corp., Wonju, Republic of Korea), with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min under a pressure of 140 to 150 psi for RIPAC in six and three pigs with supine and Trendelenburg positions, respectively. When we evaluated its distribution and penetration depth, even distribution among 13 regions of the abdomen was observed in three pigs with Trendelenburg position regardless of the depth of the nozzle. Regarding penetration depth, the numbers of regions with maximal penetration depth were high in the 2 cm depth of the nozzle with supine position (n = 5) and the 4 cm depth with Trendelenburg position (n = 3). Conclusively, even distribution and maximal penetration of anti-cancer agents can be expected during RIPAC in the medium depth (4 cm) between the nozzle inlet and the visceral peritoneum located on the opposite side of it and the Trendelenburg position.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111799
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Artemisia gmelinii Extract Attenuates Particulate Matter-Induced Neutrophilic Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Lung Injury
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-08-09), p. 1591-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-08-09), p. 1591-
    Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) induces and augments oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to respiratory diseases. Although Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, there are no reports on whether Artemisia gmelinii extract (AGE) regulates lung inflammation in a PM-induced model. Thus, we investigated the protective effects of AGE using a PM-induced mouse lung inflammation model. AGE significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory chemokines, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and the total number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Furthermore, AGE attenuated lung inflammation through the suppression of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, while promoting the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in lung tissues. Concordant with these observations, AGE suppressed inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, NETosis, myeloperoxidase, and neutrophil elastase by decreasing the mRNA expression of High mobility group box 1, Runt-related transcription factor 1, and Kruppel-like factor 6 in differentiated HL-60 cells. In summary, our data demonstrated that AGE suppresses PM-induced neutrophil infiltration, lung damage, and pulmonary inflammation by suppressing NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways and enhancing the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that AGE administration is an effective approach for preventing and treating PM-induced respiratory inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081591
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Ultrasonic Activation on Root Canal Filling Quality of Single-Cone Obturation with Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2021-03-08), p. 1292-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2021-03-08), p. 1292-
    Abstract: Background: We evaluated the effects of ultrasonic activation on root canal filling quality of the single-cone (SC) obturation technique with calcium silicate sealers and gutta percha cones. Methods: Thirty-six human single-rooted premolars were obturated with gutta percha and sealer. For the continuous wave (CW) group (n = 12), AH Plus with a continuous wave technique was used. The SC group (n = 12) received EndoSequence BC sealer with a single-cone technique. The SCU (SC with the addition of ultrasonic activation) group (n = 12) received the same treatment. Micro-computed tomography was used to scan the teeth, and the void volume within the root canal was evaluated at the apical, middle, and coronal levels. Then cross-sections were observed under a light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Void volume was significantly lower in the SCU group than in the CW and SC groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the CW and SC groups. The SCU group had fewer voids than the CW and SC groups in the coronal and middle third areas. Specimens showed no apparent gaps or voids in any group. SEM images revealed both gap-free and gap-containing regions at different levels in all groups. Conclusions: Single-cone obturation with calcium silicate-based sealers might obtain enhanced filling quality when used with ultrasonic activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14051292
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Clinical Characteristics of Macrolide-Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Korean Children: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-08), p. 306-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-08), p. 306-
    Abstract: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major causative pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in children, and the treatment of choice is macrolides. There is an increasing trend in reports of refractory clinical responses despite macrolide treatment due to the emergence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae. Early discrimination of macrolide-refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MrMP) from macrolide-sensitive M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MSMP) is vital; however, testing for macrolide susceptibility at the time of admission is not feasible. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of MrMP in Korean children, in comparison with those of MSMP. In this multicenter study, board-certified pediatric pulmonologists at 22 tertiary hospitals reviewed the medical records from 2010 to 2015 of 5294 children who were hospitalized with M. pneumoniae pneumonia and administered macrolides as the initial treatment. One-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare differences between groups. Of 5294 patients (mean age, 5.6 years) included in this analysis, 240 (4.5%), 925 (17.5%), and 4129 (78.0%) had MrMP, macrolide-less effective M. pneumoniae pneumonia, and MSMP, respectively. Compared with the MSMP group, the MrMP group had a longer fever duration, overall (13.0 days) and after macrolide use (8.0 days). A higher proportion of MrMP patients had respiratory distress, pleural effusion, and lobar pneumonia. The mean aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and C-reactive protein levels were the highest in the MrMP group, along with higher incidences of extrapulmonary manifestations and atelectasis (during and post infection). Pre-existing conditions were present in 17.4% (n = 725/4159) of patients, with asthma being the most common (n = 334/4811, 6.9%). This study verified that MrMP patients show more severe initial radiographic findings and clinical courses than MSMP patients. MrMP should be promptly managed by agents other than macrolides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020306
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Treatment Outcomes of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Yeungnam Region: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of the Study Alliance of Yeungnam Pediatric Hematology–Oncology (SAYPH)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Children Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2021-02-05), p. 109-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2021-02-05), p. 109-
    Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second most common pediatric leukemia, with a survival rate of 70%. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the treatment outcomes of pediatric AML among 144 patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2013. After induction, 80.6% of patients achieved complete remission (CR). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 58.8 ± 4.2% and 49.8 ± 4.2%, respectively. Based on the response to induction therapy, the 5-year OS was 66.9 ± 5.7% in patients with CR (p 〈 0.001). Ninety-nine patients with CR after induction therapy were examined, and their 5-year OS and EFS were 66.4 ± 4.9% and 56.3 ± 5.1%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates according to treatment were 59.9 ± 7.4% in the chemotherapy group and 72.3 ± 6.3% in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) group (p = 0.089). The EFS was 50.1 ± 7.4% in the chemotherapy group and 61.7 ± 6.9% in the HSCT group (p = 0.098). OS and EFS according to cytogenetics were insignificant. Our findings confirmed that the response to induction treatment was important for survival and HSCT had no significant survival benefits compared with those of chemotherapy. Moreover, many early induction deaths under the age of 2 years were observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children8020109
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Therapeutic Efficacy of Artificial Skin Produced by 3D Bioprinting
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-09), p. 5177-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-09), p. 5177-
    Abstract: The skin protects the body from external barriers. Certain limitations exist in the development of technologies to rapidly prepare skin substitutes that are therapeutically effective in surgeries involving extensive burns and skin transplantation. Herein, we fabricated a structure similar to the skin layer by using skin-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with bioink, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts using 3D-printing technology. The therapeutic effects of the produced skin were analyzed using a chimney model that mimicked the human wound-healing process. The 3D-printed skin substitutes exhibited rapid re-epithelialization and superior tissue regeneration effects compared to the control group. These results are expected to aid the development of technologies that can provide customized skin-replacement tissues produced easily and quickly via 3D-printing technology to patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14185177
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    A Pharmacokinetic Study of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine after Oral Administration of Ojeok-San by Validated LC-MS/MS Method in Human Plasma
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 22 ( 2021-11-19), p. 6991-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 22 ( 2021-11-19), p. 6991-
    Abstract: A sensitive and reproducible liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system was developed and fully validated for the simultaneous determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in human plasma after oral administration of the herbal prescription Ojeok-san (OJS); 2-phenylethylamine was used as the internal standard (IS). Both compounds presented a linear calibration curve (r2 ≥ 0.99) over a concentration range of 0.2–50 ng/mL. The developed method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, lower limit of quantitation, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability, according to the regulatory guidelines from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. This validated method was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic assessment of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in 20 healthy Korean volunteers administered OJS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226991
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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