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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of Transition-Metal Oxide Deposition on Carbon Electrodes of a Supercapacitor
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 6, No. 12 ( 2016-12-07), p. 413-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 12 ( 2016-12-07), p. 413-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app6120413
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
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    Effects of Thermal Annealing on the Characteristics of High Frequency FBAR Devices
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-03-30), p. 397-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-03-30), p. 397-
    Abstract: In this study, piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film was deposited on the Pt/Ti/SiNx/Si substrate to construct the FBAR device. The Pt/Ti multilayers were deposited on SiNx/Si as the bottom electrode and the Al thin film was deposited on the ZnO piezoelectric layer as the top electrode by a DC sputtering system. The ZnO thin film was deposited onto the Pt thin film by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system. The cavity on back side for acoustic reflection of the FBAR device was achieved by KOH solution and reactive ion etching (RIE) processes. The crystalline structures and surface morphologies of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The optimized as-deposited ZnO thin films with preferred (002)-orientation were obtained under the sputtering power of 80 W and sputtering pressure of 20 mTorr. The crystalline characteristics of ZnO thin films and the frequency responses of the FBAR devices can be improved by using the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. The optimized annealing temperature and annealing time are 400 °C and 10 min, respectively. Finally, the FBAR devices with structure of Al/ZnO/Pt/Ti/SiNx/Si were fabricated. The frequency responses showed that the return loss of the FBAR device with RTA annealing was improved from −24.07 to −34.66 dB, and the electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt2) was improved from 1.73% to 3.02% with the resonance frequency of around 3.4 GHz.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11040397
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 3
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    Comparison of Humoral Antibody Responses and Seroconversion Rates between Two Homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA-1273 Vaccination in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-06-27), p. 1161-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-06-27), p. 1161-
    Abstract: Background: Hemodialysis patients are at an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and are excluded from preauthorization COVID-19 vaccine trials; therefore, their immunogenicity is uncertain. Methods: To compare the antibody responses to homologous ChAdOx1 and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in hemodialysis patients, 103 age- and sex-matched hemodialysis patients with two homologous prime-boost vaccinations were recruited to detect anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG levels and seroconversion rates (SCRs) 14 days after a prime dose (PD14), before and 28 days after a boost dose (pre-BD0 and BD28). Results: Both mRNA-1273 and ChAdOx1 vaccinations elicited immunogenicity in study subjects, and the former induced higher anti-RBD IgG levels than the latter. The SCRs of both groups increased over time and varied widely from 1.82% to 97.92%, and were significantly different at PD14 and pre-BD0 regardless of different thresholds. At BD28, the SCRs of the ChAdOx1 group and the mRNA-1273 group were comparable using a threshold ≥ 7.1 BAU/mL (93.96% vs. 97.92%) and a threshold ≥ 17 BAU/mL (92.73% vs. 97.92%), respectively, but they were significantly different using a threshold ≥ 20.2% of convalescent serum anti-RBD levels (52.73% vs. 95.83%). The seroconversion (≥20.2% of convalescent level) at BD28 was associated with mRNA-1273 vaccination after being adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and the presence of solicited reactogenicity after a prime vaccination. Conclusion: Our prospective, observational cohort indicates that a full prime-boost mRNA-1273 vaccination is likely to provide higher immune protection in hemodialysis patients compared to ChAdOx1, and this population with a prime-boost ChAdOx1 vaccination should be prioritized for a third dose.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071161
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 4
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    Inhibition of Arachidonate 12/15-Lipoxygenase Improves α-Galactosidase Efficacy in iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes from Fabry Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2018-05-16), p. 1480-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2018-05-16), p. 1480-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051480
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    β-Funaltrexamine Displayed Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects in Cells and Rat Model of Stroke
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-05-29), p. 3866-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-05-29), p. 3866-
    Abstract: Chronic treatment involving opioids exacerbates both the risk and severity of ischemic stroke. We have provided experimental evidence showing the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of the μ opioid receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine for neurodegenerative diseases in rat neuron/glia cultures and a rat model of cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Independent of in vitro Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN-γ)-stimulated neuron/glia cultures and in vivo cerebral I/R injury in Sprague–Dawley rats, β-funaltrexamine downregulated neuroinflammation and ameliorated neuronal degeneration. Alterations in microglia polarization favoring the classical activation state occurred in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated neuron/glia cultures and cerebral I/R-injured cortical brains. β-funaltrexamine shifted the polarization of microglia towards the anti-inflammatory phenotype, as evidenced by decreased nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and prostaglandin E2, along with increased CD163 and arginase 1. Mechanistic studies showed that the suppression of microglia pro-inflammatory polarization by β-funaltrexamine was accompanied by the reduction of NF-κB, AP-1, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein, along with signal transducers and activators of transcription transcriptional activities and associated upstream activators. The effects of β-funaltrexamine are closely linked with its action on neuroinflammation by switching microglia polarization from pro-inflammatory towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes. These findings provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of β-funaltrexamine in combating neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113866
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Water Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-10-23), p. 2981-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-10-23), p. 2981-
    Abstract: Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO3− and NH4+) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km−2 yr−1, spanning from 230 kg-N km−2 yr−1 in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km−2 yr−1 in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO3− is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH4+ renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO3− export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO3− export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ1 of LH 〉 0.60) control NH4+ exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ1 of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH4+ exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w12112981
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    Stem Cell-Based Neuroprotective and Neurorestorative Strategies
    MDPI AG ; 2010
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2010-05-05), p. 2039-2055
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2010-05-05), p. 2039-2055
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms11052039
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Humoral Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of the Standard ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-02-17), p. 312-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-02-17), p. 312-
    Abstract: Background: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been widely administered against SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, data regarding its immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and potential differences in responses among Asian populations remain scarce. Methods: 270 participants without prior COVID-19 were enrolled to receive ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination with a prime–boost interval of 8–9 weeks. Their specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, neutralizing antibody titers (NT50), platelet counts, and D-dimer levels were analyzed before and after vaccination. Results: The seroconversion rates of anti-RBD and anti-spike IgG at day 28 after a boost vaccination (BD28) were 100% and 95.19%, respectively. Anti-RBD and anti-spike IgG levels were highly correlated (r = 0.7891), which were 172.9 ± 170.4 and 179.3 ± 76.88 BAU/mL at BD28, respectively. The geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of NT50 for all participants increased to 132.9 IU/mL (95% CI 120.0–147.1) at BD28 and were highly correlated with anti-RBD and anti-spike IgG levels (r = 0.8248 and 0.7474, respectively). Body weight index was statistically significantly associated with anti-RBD IgG levels (p = 0.035), while female recipients had higher anti-spike IgG levels (p = 0.038). The GMCs of NT50 declined with age (p = 0.0163) and were significantly different across age groups (159.7 IU/mL for 20–29 years, 99.4 IU/mL for ≥50 years, p = 0.0026). Injection-site pain, fever, and fatigue were the major reactogenicity, which were more pronounced after prime vaccination and in younger participants ( 〈 50 years). Platelet counts decreased and D-dimer levels increased after vaccination but were not clinically relevant. No serious adverse events or deaths were observed. Conclusion: The vaccine is well-tolerated and elicited robust humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after standard prime–boost vaccination in Taiwanese recipients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020312
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 9
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    Adaptive Divergence without Distinct Species Relationships Indicate Early Stage Ecological Speciation in Species of the Rhododendronpseudochrysanthum Complex Endemic to Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-30), p. 1226-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-30), p. 1226-
    Abstract: The testing association of environmental variables with genetic and epigenetic variation could be crucial to deciphering the effects of environmental factors playing roles as selective drivers in ecological speciation. Although ecological speciation may occur in closely related species, species boundaries may not be established over a short evolutionary timescale. Here, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic variations using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP), respectively, and tested their associations with environmental variables in populations of four closely related species in the R. pseudochrysanthum complex. No distinctive species relationships were found using genetic clustering analyses, neighbor-joining tree, and neighbor-net tree based on the total AFLP variation, which is suggestive of the incomplete lineage sorting of ancestral variation. Nonetheless, strong isolation-by-environment and adaptive divergence were revealed, despite the significant isolation-by-distance. Annual mean temperature, elevation, normalized difference vegetation index, and annual total potential evapotranspiration were found to be the most important environmental variables explaining outlier genetic and epigenetic variations. Our results suggest that the four closely related species of the R. pseudochrysanthum complex share the polymorphism of their ancestor, but reproductive isolation due to ecological speciation can occur if local environmental divergence persists over time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11091226
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 10
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    Metformin Use before Influenza Vaccination May Lower the Risks of Influenza and Related Complications
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-10-19), p. 1752-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-10-19), p. 1752-
    Abstract: Older adults are more likely to have influenza and respond less well to the flu vaccine. We conducted this study to investigate whether pre-influenza vaccination metformin use had an effect on influenza and relevant complications in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Propensity score matching was used to identify 28,169 pairs of metformin users and nonusers from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the risks of hospitalization for influenza, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, ventilation, and mortality between metformin users and nonusers. Compared with metformin nonusers, the aHRs (95% CI) for metformin users at risk of hospitalization for influenza, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, invasive mechanical ventilation, death due to cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality were 0.60 (0.34, 1.060), 0.63 (0.53, 0.76), 0.41 (0.36, 0.47), 0.56 (0.45, 0.71), 0.49 (0.33, 0.73), and 0.44 (0.39, 0.51), respectively. Higher cumulative duration of metformin use was associated with lower risks of these outcomes than no use of metformin. This cohort study demonstrated that pre-influenza vaccination metformin use was associated with lower risks of hospitalizations for influenza, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, mechanical ventilation, and mortality compared to metformin nonusers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101752
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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