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  • MDPI AG  (129)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oral Exposure to Genistein during Conception and Lactation Period Affects the Testicular Development of Male Offspring Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02-26), p. 377-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02-26), p. 377-
    Abstract: Sexual hormones are essential for the process of spermatogenesis in the testis. However, the effect of maternal genistein (GEN) on the pups’ testicular development remain-unclear. Our present study evaluated the effects of supplementing GEN for parental and offspring mice on the reproductive function and growth performance of the male pups. Mothers during gestation and lactation period were assigned to a control diet (CON group), low dose GEN (LGE group) diet (control diet +40 mg/kg GEN), and high dose of GEN (HGE group) diet (control diet +800 mg/kg GEN). Their male offspring underwent the same treatment of GEN after weaning. LGE treatment (40 mg/kg GEN) significantly increased body weights (p 〈 0.001), testes weights (p 〈 0.05), diameters of seminiferous tubule (p 〈 0.001) and heights of seminiferous epithelium (p 〈 0.05) of offspring mice. LGE treatment also increased serum testosterone (T) levels and spermatogenesis scoring (p 〈 0.05). However, HGE treatment (800mg/kg GEN) significantly decreased body weights (p 〈 0.001), testes weights (p 〈 0.05) and testis sizes (p 〈 0.001). Furthermore, mRNA expressions of ESR2 (p 〈 0.05), CYP19A1 (p 〈 0.001), SOX9 (p 〈 0.001) and BRD7 (p 〈 0.001) in testis of mice were increased in the LGE group. Similarly, HGE treatment increased mRNA expressions of ESR2 (p 〈 0.05) and CYP19A1 (p 〈 0.001). However, mRNA expressions of SOX9 and BRD7 were decreased significantly in the HGE group (p 〈 0.001). Meanwhile, higher ratio apoptotic germ cells and abnormal sperms were detected in the HGE group (p 〈 0.001). In conclusion, exposure to a low dose of GEN during fetal and neonatal life could improve testicular development of offspring mice, whereas, unfavorable adverse effects were induced by a high dose of GEN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10030377
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Multifaceted Role of Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy: Leveraging Autophagy with a Double-Edged Sword
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-19), p. 1138-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-19), p. 1138-
    Abstract: Flavonoids are considered as pleiotropic, safe, and readily obtainable molecules. A large number of recent studies have proposed that flavonoids have potential in the treatment of tumors by the modulation of autophagy. In many cases, flavonoids suppress cancer by stimulating excessive autophagy or impairing autophagy flux especially in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. However, the anti-cancer activity of flavonoids may be attenuated due to the simultaneous induction of protective autophagy. Notably, flavonoids-triggered protective autophagy is becoming a trend for preventing cancer in the clinical setting or for protecting patients from conventional therapeutic side effects in normal tissues. In this review, focusing on the underlying autophagic mechanisms of flavonoids, we hope to provide a new perspective for clinical application of flavonoids in cancer therapy. In addition, we highlight new research ideas for the development of new dosage forms of flavonoids to improve their various pharmacological effects, establishing flavonoids as ideal candidates for cancer prevention and therapy in the clinic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071138
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spermiogenesis, Stages of Seminiferous Epithelium and Variations in Seminiferous Tubules during Active States of Spermatogenesis in Yangzhou Goose Ganders
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-03-28), p. 570-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-03-28), p. 570-
    Abstract: The past three decades revolutionized the goose industry in the world. China holds the world’s largest goose breeds stock by 95% of the global total. To optimize the goose industry and cope with ever increasing poultry meat and egg demands, there is a dire need to focus on reproduction, as most geese breeds exhibit poor reproductive performance. The present study was conducted with the aim to add a contribution in the goose industry and research by the histological visualizing step wise development of germ cells during spermatogenesis by microscopy and a histological technique. Yangzhou goose is a synthetic breed developed by using local goose germplasm resources of China. It is popular in the Chinese goose industry due to high productivity and adaptability. This research evaluated the steps of spermiogenesis and stages along with morphological changes in the seminiferous epithelium in Yangzhou goose ganders. For the assessment of various stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, testis sections were embedded in molten paraffin wax. The initial steps of spermiogenesis were depicted by changes in acrosomic granules, whereas further stages were identified by nuclear morphological changes. Ten steps of spermiogenesis and nine stages of seminiferous epithelium were identified. Four types of spermatogonia Ad, Ap1, Ap2 and B were recognized. The results depicted a clear variation in the diameter of seminiferous tubules (ST), epithelium height (EH), luminal tubular diameter (LD), number of seminiferous tubules per field and the Johnsen score. Microscopy indicated that the stages of seminiferous epithelium were similar to other birds and mammals and the ST diameter, EH, LD and Johnsen score are positively correlated while the number of seminiferous tubules per field is negatively correlated with the ST diameter, EH, LD and Johnsen score. Fertility in Yangzhou ganders can further be improved by visualizing the histological development of germs cells in testis tissues during spermatogenesis after onset of breeding season and maturity. Our results suggest that Yangzhou ganders reach complete sexual maturity at 227 days of age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10040570
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparation of Immobilized Lipase Based on Hollow Mesoporous Silica Spheres and Its Application in Ester Synthesis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2019-01-22), p. 395-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2019-01-22), p. 395-
    Abstract: In this study, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized into modified hollow mesoporous silica (HMSS) materials with different hydrophobicity. Among propyl-(C3), phenyl-(C6), octyl-(C8), and octadecyl-(C18) modified HMSS as well as native HMSS, taking advantage of more hydrophobic microenvironment, the HMSS-C18-CRL showed exceptional performance in enzymatic esterification reaction. Using the novel HMSS-C18 with immobilized CRL (HMSS-C18-CRL), we investigated the esterification of phytosterols with polyunsaturated fat acid (PUFA) in a solvent-free system for the production of phytosterols esters. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to model and optimize the reaction conditions, namely, the enzyme load (5–25%), reaction time (10–110 min), molar ratio of α-linolenic acid (ALA)/phytosterols (1:1–7:1) and represented by the letters E, T, and M respectively. Best-fitting models were successfully established by multiple regressions with backward elimination. The optimum production was achieved at 70 min for reaction time, 20% based on the weight of substrate for enzyme loading, and 5.6:1 for ALA/phytosterols molar ratio. Under optimized conditions, a conversion of about 90 ± 2% was achieved. These results indicated that HMSS-C18-CRL demonstrates to be a promising catalyst and can be potentially applied in the functional lipid production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030395
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Transport and Uptake of Resveratrol Mediated via Glucose Transporter 1 and Its Antioxidant Effect in Caco-2 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 12 ( 2023-06-06), p. 4569-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 12 ( 2023-06-06), p. 4569-
    Abstract: Resveratrol has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-aging pharmacological activities. There is currently a gap in academic research regarding the uptake, transport, and reduction of H2O2-induced oxidative damage of resveratrol in the Caco-2 cell model. This study investigated the role of resveratrol in the uptake, transport, and alleviation of H2O2-induced oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells. In the Caco-2 cell transport model, it was observed that the uptake and transport of resveratrol (10, 20, 40, and 80 μM) were time dependent and concentration dependent. Different temperatures (37 °C vs. 4 °C) could significantly affect the uptake and transportation of resveratrol. The apical to basolateral transport of resveratrol was markedly reduced by STF-31, a GLUT1 inhibitor, and siRNA intervention. Furthermore, resveratrol pretreatment (80 μM) improves the viability of Caco-2 cells induced by H2O2. In a cellular metabolite analysis combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 21 metabolites were identified as differentials. These differential metabolites belong to the urea cycle, arginine and proline metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, ammonia recycling, aspartate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. The transport, uptake, and metabolism of resveratrol suggest that oral resveratrol could prevent intestinal diseases caused by oxidative stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124569
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    RGO-Coated Polyurethane Foam/Segmented Polyurethane Composites as Solid–Solid Phase Change Thermal Interface Material
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Polymers Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-16), p. 3004-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-16), p. 3004-
    Abstract: Thermal interface material (TIM) is crucial for heat transfer from a heat source to a heat sink. A high-performance thermal interface material with solid–solid phase change properties was prepared to improve both thermal conductivity and interfacial wettability by using reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated polyurethane (PU) foam as a filler, and segmented polyurethane (SPU) as a matrix. The rGO-coated foam (rGOF) was fabricated by a self-assembling method and the SPU was synthesized by an in situ polymerization method. The pure SPU and rGOF/SPU composite exhibited obvious solid–solid phase change properties with proper phase change temperature, high latent heat, good wettability, and no leakage. It was found that the SPU had better heat transfer performance than the PU without phase change properties in a practical application as a TIM, while the thermal conductivity of the rGOF/SPU composite was 63% higher than that of the pure SPU at an ultra-low rGO content of 0.8 wt.%, showing great potential for thermal management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym12123004
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dual Laser Beam Asynchronous Dicing of 4H-SiC Wafer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-10-29), p. 1331-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-10-29), p. 1331-
    Abstract: SiC wafers, due to their hardness and brittleness, suffer from a low feed rate and a high failure rate during the dicing process. In this study, a novel dual laser beam asynchronous dicing method (DBAD) is proposed to improve the cutting quality of SiC wafers, where a pulsed laser is firstly used to introduce several layers of micro-cracks inside the wafer, along the designed dicing line, then a continuous wave (CW) laser is used to generate thermal stress around cracks, and, finally, the wafer is separated. A finite-element (FE) model was applied to analyze the behavior of CW laser heating and the evolution of the thermal stress field. Through experiments, SiC samples, with a thickness of 200 μm, were cut and analyzed, and the effect of the changing of continuous laser power on the DBAD system was also studied. According to the simulation and experiment results, the effectiveness of the DBAD method is certified. There is no more edge breakage because of the absence of the mechanical breaking process compared with traditional stealth dicing. The novel method can be adapted to the cutting of hard-brittle materials. Specifically for materials thinner than 200 μm, the breaking process in the traditional SiC dicing process can be omitted. It is indicated that the dual laser beam asynchronous dicing method has a great engineering potential for future SiC wafer dicing applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi12111331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strain-Insensitive Elastic Surface Electromyographic (sEMG) Electrode for Efficient Recognition of Exercise Intensities
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2020-02-25), p. 239-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2020-02-25), p. 239-
    Abstract: Surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors are widely used in the fields of ergonomics, sports science, and medical research. However, current sEMG sensors cannot recognize the various exercise intensities efficiently because of the strain interference, low conductivity, and poor skin-conformability of their electrodes. Here, we present a highly conductive, strain-insensitive, and low electrode–skin impedance elastic sEMG electrode, which consists of a three-layered structure (polydimethylsiloxane/galinstan + polydimethylsiloxane/silver-coated nickel + polydimethylsiloxane). The bottom layer of the electrode consists of vertically conductive magnetic particle paths, which are insensitive to stretching strain, collect sEMG charge from human skin, and finally transfer it to processing circuits via an intermediate layer. Our skin-friendly electrode exhibits high conductivity (0.237 and 1.635 mΩ·cm resistivities in transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively), low electrode–skin impedance (47.23 kΩ at 150 Hz), excellent strain-insensitivity (10% change of electrode–skin impedance within the 0–25% strain range), high fatigue resistance ( 〉 1500 cycles), and good conformability with skin. During various exercise intensities, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of our electrode increased by 22.53 dB, which is 206% and 330% more than that of traditional Ag/AgCl and copper electrode, respectively. The ability of our electrode to efficiently recognize various exercise intensities confirms its great application potential for the field of sports health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi11030239
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Ultra-Sensitive and Multifunctional Electronic Skin with Synergetic Network of Graphene and CNT
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-30), p. 179-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-30), p. 179-
    Abstract: Electronic skin (e-skin) has attracted tremendous interest due to its diverse potential applications, including in physiological signal detection, health monitoring, and artificial throats. However, the major drawbacks of traditional e-skin are the weak adhesion of substrates, incompatibility between sensitivity and stretchability, and its single function. These shortcomings limit the application of e-skin and increase the complexity of its multifunctional integration. Herein, the synergistic network of crosslinked SWCNTs within and between multilayered graphene layers was directly drip coated onto the PU thin film with self-adhesion to fabricate versatile e-skin. The excellent mechanical properties of prepared e-skin arise from the sufficient conductive paths guaranteed by SWCNTs in small and large deformation under various strains. The prepared e-skin exhibits a low detection limit, as small as 0.5% strain, and compatibility between sensitivity and stretchability with a gauge factor (GF) of 964 at a strain of 0–30%, and 2743 at a strain of 30–60%. In physiological signals detection application, the e-skin demonstrates the detection of subtle motions, such as artery pulse and blinking, as well as large body motions, such as knee joint bending, elbow movement, and neck movement. In artificial throat application, the e-skin integrates sound recognition and sound emitting and shows clear and distinct responses between different throat muscle movements and different words for sound signal acquisition and recognition, in conjunction with superior sound emission performance with a sound spectrum response of 71 dB (f = 12.5 kHz). Overall, the presented comprehensive study of novel materials, structures, properties, and mechanisms offers promising potential in physiological signals detection and artificial throat applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13010179
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sulfur-Doped Organosilica Nanodots as a Universal Sensor for Ultrafast Live/Dead Cell Discrimination
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-10), p. 1000-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-10), p. 1000-
    Abstract: Rapid and accurate differentiation between live and dead cells is highly desirable for the evaluation of cell viability. Here, we report the application of the orange-emitting sulfur-doped organosilica nanodots (S-OSiNDs) for ultrafast (30 s), ultrasensitive (1 μg/mL), and universal staining of the dead bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cells but not the live ones, which satisfies the requirements of a fluorescent probe that can specifically stain the dead cells. We further verify that the fluorescence distribution range of S-OSiNDs (which are distributed in cytoplasm and nucleus) is much larger than that of the commercial dead/fixed cell/tissue staining dye RedDot2 (which is distributed in the nucleus) in terms of dead mammalian cell staining, indicating that S-OSiNDs possess a better staining effect of dead cells than RedDot2. Overall, S-OSiNDs can be used as a robust fluorescent probe for ultrafast and accurate discrimination between dead and live cells at a single cell level, which may find a variety of applications in the biomedical field.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios12111000
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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