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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Reanalysis and Revision of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Artemia urmiana Günther, 1899 (Crustacea: Anostraca)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diversity Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2021-01-04), p. 14-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2021-01-04), p. 14-
    Abstract: In the previously published mitochondrial genome sequence of Artemia urmiana (NC_021382 [JQ975176]), the taxonomic status of the examined Artemia had not been determined, due to parthenogenetic populations coexisting with A. urmiana in Urmia Lake. Additionally, NC_021382 [JQ975176] has been obtained with pooled cysts of Artemia (0.25 g cysts consists of 20,000–25,000 cysts), not a single specimen. With regard to coexisting populations in Urmia Lake, and intra- and inter-specific variations in the pooled samples, NC_021382 [JQ975176] cannot be recommended as a valid sequence and any attempt to attribute it to A. urmiana or a parthenogenetic population is unreasonable. With the aid of next-generation sequencing methods, we characterized and assembled a complete mitochondrial genome of A. urmiana with defined taxonomic status. Our results reveal that in the previously published mitogenome (NC_021382 [JQ975176] ), tRNA-Phe has been erroneously attributed to the heavy strand but it is encoded in the light strand. There was a major problem in the position of the ND5. It was extended over the tRNA-Phe, which is biologically incorrect. We have also identified a partial nucleotide sequence of 311 bp that was probably erroneously duplicated in the assembly of the control region of NC_021382 [JQ975176], which enlarges the control region length by 16%. This partial sequence could not be recognized in our assembled mitogenome as well as in 48 further examined specimens of A. urmiana. Although, only COX1 and 16S genes have been widely used for phylogenetic studies in Artemia, our findings reveal substantial differences in the nucleotide composition of some other genes (including ATP8, ATP6, ND3, ND6, ND1 and COX3) among Artemia species. It is suggested that these markers should be included in future phylogenetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d13010014
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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  • 2
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    Rare Syringyl Acylated Flavonol Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Leonurus japonicus Houtt.
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Molecules Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2013-03-04), p. 2967-2977
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2013-03-04), p. 2967-2977
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032967
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    MET Mutation Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Advanced Endometrial Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-23), p. 4231-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-23), p. 4231-
    Abstract: An optimal therapeutic regimen for endometrial cancer with extra-uterine metastasis is unavailable. This study aims to improve our understanding of the genomic landscape of advanced endometrial cancer and identify potential therapeutic targets. The clinical and genomic profiles of 81 patients with stage III or IV endometrial cancer were integrated. To identify genomic aberrations associated with clinical outcomes, Cox proportional hazard regression was used. The impacts of the genomic aberrations were validated in vitro and in vivo. The mutation status of MET, U2AF1, BCL9, PPP2R1A, IDH2, CBL, BTK, and CHEK2 were positively correlated with poor clinical outcomes. MET mutations occurred in 30% of the patients who presented with poor overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.606; 95% confidence interval, 1.167~5.819; adjusted p-value, 0.067). Concurrent MET and KRAS mutations presented with the worst outcomes. MET mutations in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-binding (58.1%) or kinase (16.2%) domains resulted in differential HGF-induced c-MET phosphorylation. Different types of MET mutations differentially affected tumor growth and displayed different sensitivities to cisplatin and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. MET N375S mutation is a germline variant that causes chemoresistance to cisplatin, with a high incidence in Eastern Asia. This study highlights the ethnic differences in the biology of the disease, which can influence treatment recommendations and the genome-guided clinical trials of advanced endometrial cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164231
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
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    Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Alpha-1 Modulates Lifespan and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 612-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 612-
    Abstract: Altered metabolism is a hallmark of aging. The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is an essential metabolic pathway and plays an important role in lifespan regulation. Supplementation of α-ketoglutarate, a metabolite converted by isocitrate dehydrogenase alpha-1 (idha-1) in the TCA cycle, increases lifespan in C. elegans. However, whether idha-1 can regulate lifespan in C. elegans remains unknown. Here, we reported that the expression of idha-1 modulates lifespan and oxidative stress tolerance in C. elegans. Transgenic overexpression of idha-1 extends lifespan, increases the levels of NADPH/NADP+ ratio, and elevates the tolerance to oxidative stress. Conversely, RNAi knockdown of idha-1 exhibits the opposite effects. In addition, the longevity of eat-2 (ad1116) mutant via dietary restriction (DR) was reduced by idha-1 knockdown, indicating that idha-1 may play a role in DR-mediated longevity. Furthermore, idha-1 mediated lifespan may depend on the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of S6 kinase (p-S6K) inversely correlate with idha-1 expression, supporting that the idha-1-mediated lifespan regulation may involve the TOR signaling pathway. Together, our data provide new insights into the understanding of idha-1 new function in lifespan regulation probably via DR and TOR signaling and in oxidative stress tolerance in C. elegans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010612
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    The Fibronectin Expression Determines the Distinct Progressions of Malignant Gliomas via Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 7 ( 2021-04-06), p. 3782-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 7 ( 2021-04-06), p. 3782-
    Abstract: Due to the increasing incidence of malignant gliomas, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a simple and reliable GBM diagnosis is needed to screen early the death-threaten patients. This study aimed to identify a protein that can be used to discriminate GBM from low-grade astrocytoma and elucidate further that it has a functional role during malignant glioma progressions. To identify proteins that display low or no expression in low-grade astrocytoma but elevated levels in GBM, glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) was particularly examined according to the mining of the Human Protein Atlas. Web-based open megadata minings revealed that FN was mainly mutated in the cBio Cancer Genomic Portal but dominantly overexpressed in the ONCOMINE (a cancer microarray database and integrated data-mining platform) in distinct tumor types. Furthermore, numerous different cancer patients with high FN indeed exhibited a poor prognosis in the PrognoScan mining, indicating that FN involves in tumor malignancy. To investigate further the significance of FN expression in glioma progression, tumor specimens from five malignant gliomas with recurrences that received at least two surgeries were enrolled and examined. The immunohistochemical staining showed that FN expression indeed determined the distinct progressions of malignant gliomas. Furthermore, the expression of vimentin (VIM), a mesenchymal protein that is strongly expressed in malignant cancers, was similar to the FN pattern. Moreover, the level of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was almost recapitulated with the FN expression. Together, this study identifies a protein FN that can be used to diagnose GBM from low-grade astrocytoma; moreover, its expression functionally determines the malignant glioma progressions via TGF-β-induced EMT pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073782
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits In Vivo Growth of Xenograft Tumors of Human Glioblastoma Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2018-09-10), p. 2305-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2018-09-10), p. 2305-
    Abstract: Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) from cruciferous vegetables can inhibit the growth of various human cancer cells. In previous studies, we determined that PEITC inhibited the in vitro growth of human glioblastoma GBM 8401 cells by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting migration and invasion, and altering gene expression. Nevertheless, there are no further in vivo reports disclosing whether PEITC can suppress the growth of glioblastoma. Therefore, in this study we investigate the anti-tumor effects of PEITC in a xenograft model of glioblastoma in nude mice. Thirty nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with GBM 8401 cells. Mice with one palpable tumor were divided randomly into three groups: control, PEITC-10, and PEITC-20 groups treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 10 and 20 μmole PEITC/100 μL PBS daily by oral gavage, respectively. PEITC significantly decreased tumor weights and volumes of GBM 8401 cells in mice, but did not affect the total body weights of mice. PEITC diminished the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1 (myeloid cell leukemia 1) and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) in GBM 8401 cells. PEITC enhanced the levels of caspase-3 and Bax in GBM 8401 cells. The growth of glioblastoma can be suppressed by the biological properties of PEITC in vivo. These effects might support further investigations into the potential use of PEITC as an anticancer drug for glioblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092305
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
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    Novel Perbutyrylated Glucose Derivatives of (–)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibit Cancer Cells Proliferation by Decreasing Phosphorylation of the EGFR: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Molecular Docking
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 14 ( 2021-07-19), p. 4361-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 14 ( 2021-07-19), p. 4361-
    Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancer mortality worldwide. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in cellular functions and has become the new promising target. Natural products and their derivatives with various structures, unique biological activities, and specific selectivity have served as lead compounds for EGFR. D-glucose and EGCG were used as starting materials. A series of glucoside derivatives of EGCG (7–12) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against five human cancer cell lines, including HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480. In addition, we investigated the structure-activity relationship and physicochemical property–activity relationship of EGCG derivatives. Compounds 11 and 12 showed better growth inhibition than others in four cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, and MCF), with IC50 values in the range of 22.90–37.87 μM. Compounds 11 and 12 decreased phosphorylation of EGFR and downstream signaling protein, which also have more hydrophobic interactions than EGCG by docking study. The most active compounds 11 and 12, both having perbutyrylated glucose residue, we found that perbutyrylation of the glucose residue leads to increased cytotoxic activity and suggested that their potential as anticancer agents for further development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144361
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Evaluation of Laser-Assisted Trans-Nail Drug Delivery with Optical Coherence Tomography
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Sensors Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2016-12-12), p. 2111-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2016-12-12), p. 2111-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s16122111
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Protective Effects of Licochalcone A Ameliorates Obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Via Promotion of the Sirt-1/AMPK Pathway in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cells Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2019-05-11), p. 447-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2019-05-11), p. 447-
    Abstract: Licochalcone A is a chalcone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. It showed anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties in mice with acute lung injuries and regulated lipid metabolism through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hepatocytes. However, the effects of licochalcone A on reducing weight gain and improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are unclear. Thus, the present study investigated whether licochalcone A ameliorated weight loss and lipid metabolism in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD to induce obesity and NAFLD, and then were injected intraperitoneally with licochalcone A. In another experiment, a fatty liver cell model was established by incubating HepG2 hepatocytes with oleic acid and treating the cells with licochalcone A to evaluate lipid metabolism. Our results demonstrated that HFD-induced obese mice treated with licochalcone A had decreased body weight as well as inguinal and epididymal adipose tissue weights compared with HFD-treated mice. Licochalcone A also ameliorated hepatocyte steatosis and decreased liver tissue weight and lipid droplet accumulation in liver tissue. We also found that licochalcone A significantly regulated serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and free fatty acids, and decreased the fasting blood glucose value. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro, licochalcone A significantly decreased expression of the transcription factor of lipogenesis and fatty acid synthase. Licochalcone A activated the sirt-1/AMPK pathway to reduce fatty acid chain synthesis and increased lipolysis and β-oxidation in hepatocytes. Licochalcone A can potentially ameliorate obesity and NAFLD in mice via activation of the sirt1/AMPK pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells8050447
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 10
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    Divergent Pharmacology and Biased Signaling of the Four Melanocortin-4 Receptor Isoforms in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-08-16), p. 1248-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-08-16), p. 1248-
    Abstract: The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is essential for the modulation of energy balance and reproduction in both fish and mammals. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been extensively studied in various fields and provides a unique opportunity to investigate divergent physiological roles of paralogues. Herein we identified four trout mc4r (mc4ra1, mc4ra2, mc4rb1, and mc4rb2) genes. Four trout Mc4rs (omMc4rs) were homologous to those of teleost and mammalian MC4Rs. Multiple sequence alignments, a phylogenetic tree, chromosomal synteny analyses, and pharmacological studies showed that trout mc4r genes may have undergone different evolutionary processes. All four trout Mc4rs bound to two peptide agonists and elevated intracellular cAMP levels dose-dependently. High basal cAMP levels were observed at two omMc4rs, which were decreased by Agouti-related peptide. Only omMc4rb2 was constitutively active in the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Ipsen 5i, ML00253764, and MCL0020 were biased allosteric modulators of omMc4rb1 with selective activation upon ERK1/2 signaling. ML00253764 behaved as an allosteric agonist in Gs-cAMP signaling of omMc4rb2. This study will lay the foundation for future physiological studies of various mc4r paralogs and reveal the evolution of MC4R in vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom13081248
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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