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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A Review on Carbon Quantum Dots Modified g-C3N4-Based Photocatalysts and Potential Application in Wastewater Treatment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2022-11-07), p. 11286-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2022-11-07), p. 11286-
    Kurzfassung: Carbon quantum dots (CDs) are a fascinating class of carbon nanomaterials (less than 10 nm in size) with unique optical, electrical, and physicochemical properties. In addition to these properties, CQDs exhibit the desired advantages of aqueous stability, low toxicity, high surface area, economic feasibility, chemical inertness, and highly tunable photoluminescence behaviour. Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has appeared as one of the required stable carbon-based polymers due to its varied applications in several fields. In this regard, modification strategies have been made in the g-C3N4 semiconductor using CQDs to enhance the adsorptive and photocatalytic activity. In comparison to other semiconductor quantum dots, g-C3N4 shows strong fluorescent properties, such as wide excitation spectra, photostability, and tunable photo-luminescent emission spectra. The interaction inside this multicomponent photocatalyst further promotes the photocatalytic activity by improving charge transference, which plays a vital role in electrochemistry. Therefore, CQDs are auspicious nanomaterials in the field of photocatalysis, wastewater treatment and water adsorption treatment. This particular article featured the recent progression in the field of CDs/g-C3N4-based photocatalysts focusing on their luminescent mechanism and potential applications in wastewater treatment.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122111286
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2704225-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Biochemical and Physical Characterization of Immobilized Candida rugosa Lipase on Metal Oxide Hybrid Support
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-03), p. 854-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-03), p. 854-
    Kurzfassung: Enzyme immobilization on inorganic materials is gaining more attention with the potential characteristics of high-surface-area-to-volume ratios, increasing the efficiency of enzyme loading on the support. Metal oxide hybrid support was prepared by a wetness impregnation of five metal precursors, including CaO, CuO, MgO, NiO, and ZnO, on Al2O3 and used as a support for the immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) by adsorption. Maximum activity recovery (70.6%) and immobilization efficiency (63.2%) were obtained after optimization of five parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) by Box–Behnken design (BBD). The biochemical properties of immobilized CRL showed high thermostability up to 70 °C and a wide range in pH stability (pH 4–10). TGA-DTA and FTIR analysis were conducted, verifying thermo-decomposition of lipase and the presence of an amide bond. FESEM-EDX showed the homogeneous distribution and high dispersion of magnesium and CRL on MgO-Al2O3, while a nitrogen adsorption–desorption study confirmed MgO-Al2O3 as a mesoporous material. CRL/MgO-Al2O3 can be reused for up to 12 cycles and it demonstrated high tolerance in solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, and tert-butanol) compared to free CRL.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal12080854
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2662126-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Layered Double Hydroxides as Rising-Star Adsorbents for Water Purification: A Brief Discussion
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-31), p. 4900-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-31), p. 4900-
    Kurzfassung: Within the frame of this article, briefly but comprehensively, we present the existing knowledge, perspectives, and challenges for the utilization of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) as adsorbents against a plethora of pollutants in aquatic matrixes. The use of LDHs as adsorbents was established by considering their significant physicochemical features, including their textural, structural, morphological, and chemical composition, as well as their method of synthesis, followed by their advantages and disadvantages as remediation media. The utilization of LDHs towards the adsorptive removal of dyes, metals, oxyanions, and emerging pollutants is critically reviewed, while all the reported kinds of interactions that gather the removal are collectively presented. Finally, future perspectives on the topic are discussed. It is expected that this discussion will encourage researchers in the area to seek new ideas for the design, development, and applications of novel LDHs-based nanomaterials as selective adsorbents, and hence to further explore the potential of their utilization also for analytic approaches to detect and monitor various pollutants.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154900
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2008644-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    An Integrated Approach for Electronic Waste Management—Overview of Sources of Generation, Toxicological Effects, Assessment, Governance, and Mitigation Approaches
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 24 ( 2023-12-18), p. 16946-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 24 ( 2023-12-18), p. 16946-
    Kurzfassung: Electronic waste (e-waste) management has become a significant challenge in recent years due to the increasing consumption of electronic devices and their improper disposal. Effective e-waste management requires a comprehensive approach that considers the environmental, economic, and social impacts of e-waste. This comprehensive review provides a critical assessment of e-waste management procedures, encompassing the stages of collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal. Emphasising the significance of embracing sustainable approaches like reusing, repairing, and recycling, the review underscores their pivotal role in mitigating the adverse environmental and human health effects of e-waste. This review provides an overview of e-waste management concerns specifically in India from its collection to the end cycle including toxicological, environmental, and human impacts and a graphical analysis of current and future e-waste trends. It emphasises the need to effectively enforce regulations and establish extended producer responsibility (EPR) to promote sustainable e-waste management practices. Additionally, the review delves into the complexities surrounding e-waste management, such as insufficient infrastructure, resource and funding constraints, and a dearth of awareness among stakeholders. It strongly underscores the necessity for a concerted endeavour involving governments, industries, and communities to tackle these obstacles and advance the cause of efficient e-waste management practices. This paper is valuable to the scientific community as it offers a thorough assessment of e-waste management, focusing on environmental, economic, and social impacts. It emphasises sustainable practices and regulatory measures, providing actionable insights to address e-waste challenges. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of e-waste management and highlights the importance of adopting sustainable practices to address the negative impacts of e-waste on the environment, human health, and the economy.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su152416946
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2518383-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and Mechanism
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-28), p. 1448-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-28), p. 1448-
    Kurzfassung: The prevalence of lethal viral infections necessitates the innovation of novel disinfection techniques for contaminated surfaces, air, and wastewater as significant transmission media of disease. The instigated research has led to the development of photocatalysis as an effective renewable solar-driven technology relying on the reactive oxidative species, mainly hydroxyl (OH●) and superoxide (O2●−) radicals, for rupturing the capsid shell of the virus and loss of pathogenicity. Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which possesses a visible light active bandgap structure, low toxicity, and high thermal stability, has recently attracted attention for viral inactivation. In addition, g-C3N4-based photocatalysts have also experienced a renaissance in many domains, including environment, energy conversion, and biomedical applications. Herein, we discuss the three aspects of the antiviral mechanism, intending to highlight the advantages of photocatalysis over traditional viral disinfection techniques. The sole agenda of the review is to summarize the significant research on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for viral inactivation by reactive oxidative species generation. An evaluation of the photocatalysis operational parameters affecting viral inactivation kinetics is presented. An overview of the prevailing challenges and sustainable solutions is presented to fill in the existing knowledge gaps. Given the merits of graphitic carbon nitride and the heterogeneous photocatalytic viral inactivation mechanism, we hope that further research will contribute to preventing the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic and future calamities.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal11121448
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2662126-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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