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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Vertebral Bone Marrow and Endplate Assessment on MR Imaging for the Differentiation of Modic Type 1 Endplate Changes and Infectious Spondylodiscitis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2020-03-18), p. 826-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2020-03-18), p. 826-
    Abstract: On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, Modic type 1 (MT1) endplate changes and infectious spondylodiscitis share similar findings. Therefore, this study investigated vertebral bone marrow and endplate changes to enable their differentiation. The lumbar spine MR examinations of 91 adult patients were retrospectively included: 39 with MT1; 19 with early spondylodiscitis without abscess; and 33 with advanced spondylodiscitis with abscess. The assessment included percentage of bone marrow edema on sagittal short tau inversion recovery images, and the signal ratio of edema to unaffected bone and endplate contour (normal; irregular, yet intact; blurred; destructive) on sagittal unenhanced T1-weighted images. Differences were tested for statistical significance by Chi-square test and mixed model analysis of variance. The MR diagnostic accuracy in differentiating MT1 and spondylodiscitis was assessed by cross-tabulation and receiver-operating characteristic analysis. The endplate contours, edema extents, and T1-signal ratios of MT1 (extent, 31.96%; ratio, 0.83) were significantly different (p 〈 0.001) from early spondylodiscitis (56.42%; 0.60), and advanced spondylodiscitis (91.84%; 0.61). The highest diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, 94.87%; specificity, 94.23%; accuracy, 94.51%) in identifying MT1 was provided by an irregular, yet intact endplate contour. This may be a useful MR feature for the differentiation between MT1 and spondylodiscitis, particularly in its early stage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030826
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    Development of a Novel Microgap Reactor System for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Micropollutants from Aqueous Solutions with TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Immobilized by Spray Coating
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-11), p. 1351-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-11), p. 1351-
    Abstract: The presented investigation focuses on the development of a novel microgap reactor concept for the photocatalytic degradation of micropollutants from aqueous solutions with titanium dioxide-based catalysts immobilized by spray coating. Combinatorial experiment designs were utilized in order to study the influence of the microgap width, irradiance and catalyst layer thickness on the conversion of 17 α-ethinyl estradiol. The impact of catalyst-doping is discussed as well. Regarding conversion analyses, LC-MS/MS and GC-MS techniques were deployed, while XRD, ESEM and BET were utilized for catalyst characterization. The results show that the built-up microgap reactor system enables a conversion of 65% within a residence time of 2.7 min with UV-A irradiation and under steady flow conditions. Thus, the presented bench scale photocatalysis reactor provides promising fundamental findings for the future development of pilot scale approaches. With the deployment of industrial catalysts and base materials, microgap reactor photocatalytic degradation represents an attractive technology for large-scale application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal11111351
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 3
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    Reaction Analyses Based on Quaternary Metal/Metal Oxide Catalyst Testing in Micro-Structured Reactors Using Combinatorial High-Throughput Methods for Power-to-Gas Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 6-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 6-
    Abstract: To optimize the Sabatier process, quaternary supported catalyst materials are synthesized and tested. The syntheses are performed by the industrially established, reproducible and automated methods of impregnation and sol–gel synthesis. The screening of the 588 quaternary catalysts is carried out in a specially designed 10-fold parallel gas flow micro-structured reactor as wall catalysts in sequential operation mode at a temperature of T = 573 K and a pressure of p = 15 bar. For the description of the activity, the reaction parameters CO2 conversion, CH4 yield, and CH4/CO2 selectivity are used. These are determined by analyses of the gas phase composition using µGC-FID. The catalysts with the highest activities are validated in a micro-structured reactor with similar characteristics as the screening reactor in the temperature range between T = 573–673 K and a pressure of p = 15 bar. Characterization by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and scanning transmission electron microscopic images data on the phase and element distribution after calcination and reduction was conducted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal11010006
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 4
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    N-Acetylcysteine as Modulator of the Essential Trace Elements Copper and Zinc
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-12), p. 1117-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-12), p. 1117-
    Abstract: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a frequently prescribed drug and known for its metal chelating capability. However, to date it is not well characterized whether NAC intake affects the homeostasis of essential trace elements. As a precursor of glutathione (GSH), NAC also has the potential to modulate the cellular redox homeostasis. Thus, we aimed to analyze effects of acute and chronic NAC treatment on the homeostasis of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and on the activity of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. Cells were exposed to 1 mM NAC and were co-treated with 50 μM Cu or Zn. We showed that NAC treatment reduced the cellular concentration of Zn and Cu. In addition, NAC inhibited the Zn-induced Nrf2 activation and limited the concomitant upregulation of cellular GSH concentrations. In contrast, mice chronically received NAC via drinking water (1 g NAC/100 mL). Cu and Zn concentrations were decreased in liver and spleen. In the duodenum, NQO1, TXNRD, and SOD activities were upregulated by NAC. All of them can be induced by Nrf2, thus indicating a putative Nrf2 activation. Overall, NAC modulates the homeostasis of Cu and Zn both in vitro and in vivo and accordingly affects the cellular redox balance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111117
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
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    A Novel Tissue and Stem Cell Specific TERF1 Splice Variant Is Downregulated in Tumour Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 85-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 85-
    Abstract: In this study, we describe the identification of a novel splice variant of TERF1/PIN2, one of the main components of the telomeric shelterin complex. This new splice variant is identical to TERF1, apart from a 30 amino acid internal insertion near to the C-terminus of TERF1. Based on genome comparison analyses and RNA expression data, we show that this splice variant is conserved among hominidae but absent from all other species. RNA expression and histological analyses show specific expression in human spermatogonial and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), while all other analyzed tissues lack the expression of this TERF1-isoform, hence the name TERF1-tsi (TERF1-tissue-specific-isoform). In addition, we could not detect any expression in primary human cells and established cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry results involving two new rabbit polyclonal antibodies, generated against TERF1-tsi specific peptides, indicate nuclear localization of TERF1-tsi in a subset of spermatogonial stem cells. In line with this observation, immunofluorescence analyzes in various cell lines consistently revealed that ectopic TERF1-tsi localizes to the cell nucleus, mainly but not exclusively at telomeres. In a first attempt to evaluate the impact of TERF1-tsi in the testis, we have tested its expression in normal testis samples versus matched tumor samples from the same patients. Both RT-PCR and IHC show a specific downregulation of TERF1-tsi in tumor samples while the expression of TERF1 and PIN2 remains unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010085
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    A High-Throughput Screening Approach to Identify New Active and Long-Term Stable Catalysts for Total Oxidation of Methane from Gas-Fueled Lean–Burn Engines
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2020-02-01), p. 159-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2020-02-01), p. 159-
    Abstract: A unique high-throughput approach to identify new catalysts for total oxidation of methane from the exhaust gas of biogas-operated lean-burn engines is presented. The approach consists of three steps: (1) A primary screening using emission-corrected Infrared Thermography (ecIRT). (2) Validation in a conventional plug flow gas phase reactor using a model exhaust gas containing CH4, O2, CO, CO2, NO, NO2, N2O, SO2, H2O. (3) Ageing tests using a simplified exhaust gas (CH4, O2, CO2, SO2, H2O). To demonstrate the efficiency of this approach, one selected dataset with a sol-gel-based catalysts is presented. Compositions are 3 at.% precious metals (Pt, Rh) combined with different amounts of Al, Mn, and Ce in the form of mixed oxides. To find new promising materials for the abatement of methane, about two thousand different compositions were synthesized and ranked using ecIRT, and several hundred were characterized using a plug flow reactor and their ageing behaviour was determined.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal10020159
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 7
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    A Novel Primer Mixture for GH48 Genes: Quantification and Identification of Truly Cellulolytic Bacteria in Biogas Fermenters
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-08-25), p. 1297-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-08-25), p. 1297-
    Abstract: Genomic studies revealed the glycoside hydrolases of family 48 (GH48) as a powerful marker for the identification of truly cellulolytic bacteria. Here we report an improved method for detecting cellulolytic bacteria in lab-scale biogas fermenters by using GH48 genes as a molecular marker in DNA and RNA samples. We developed a mixture of primers for the specific amplification of a GH48 gene region in a broad range of bacteria. Additionally, we built a manually curated reference database containing GH48 gene sequences directly linked to the corresponding taxonomic information. Phylogenetic correlation analysis of GH48 to 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that GH48 gene sequences with 94% identity belong with high confidence to the same genus. Applying this analysis, GH48 amplicon reads revealed that at mesophilic fermenter conditions, 50–99% of the OTUs appear to belong to novel taxa. In contrast, at thermophilic conditions, GH48 gene sequences from the genus Hungateiclostridium dominated with 60–91% relative abundance. The novel primer combinations enabled detection and relative quantification of a wide spectrum of GH48 genes in cellulolytic microbial communities. Deep phylogenetic correlation analysis and a simplified taxonomic identification with the novel database facilitate identification of cellulolytic organisms, including the detection of novel taxa in biogas fermenters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091297
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 8
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    Development of A Novel High Throughput Photo-catalyst Screening Procedure: UV-A Degradation of 17α-Ethinylestradiol with Doped TiO2-Based Photo-catalysts
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2020-03-18), p. 1365-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2020-03-18), p. 1365-
    Abstract: The rising pollution of surface water by endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCS) could lead to the persistent harm of aquatic wildlife. Addressing this concern, advanced waste water treatment techniques should be established in addition to the present sewage treatment. Therefore, the promising advanced oxidation process of photocatalysis is discussed. With the aim of establishing a novel high throughput screening approach for photocatalysts, a workflow resting upon the use of a self-constructed 60-fold parallel stirring UV-A LED photoreactor, followed by parallel sample extraction by SPE and sequential automated analysis by GC-MS, was developed, and is presented in this article. With the described system, TiO2-based photocatalysts, doped with different amounts of zinc, and synthesised by a sol-gel-route, were tested regarding their activity in the photocatalytic degradation of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol. Thereby, the functional behavior of the photoreactor system and its applicability in a high throughput process could be evaluated. As a result of the catalyst screening, TiO2 catalysts with low amounts of zinc were found with a significantly higher activity, compared to undoped TiO2. In conclusion, the presented system provides an easily accessible high throughput method for a variety of photocatalytic experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13061365
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
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    Towards Automated Situational Awareness Reporting for Disaster Management—A Case Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-05-13), p. 7968-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-05-13), p. 7968-
    Abstract: Disasters do not follow a predictable timetable. Rapid situational awareness is essential for disaster management. People witnessing a disaster in the same area and beyond often use social media to report, inform, summarize, update, or warn each other. These warnings and recommendations are faster than traditional news and mainstream media. However, due to the massive amount of raw and unfiltered information, the data cannot be managed by humans in time. Automated situational awareness reporting could significantly and sustainably improve disaster management and save lives by quickly filtering, detecting, and summarizing important information. In this work, we aim to provide a novel approach towards automated situational awareness reporting using microblogging data through event detection and summarization. Therefore, we combine an event detection algorithm with different summarization libraries. We test the proposed approach against data from the Russo-Ukrainian war to evaluate its real-time capabilities and determine how many of the events that occurred could be highlighted. The results reveal that the proposed approach can outline significant events. Further research can be carried out to improve short-text summarization and filtering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15107968
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 10
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    Thermoelectrically-Cooled InAs/GaSb Type-II Superlattice Detectors as an Alternative to HgCdTe in a Real-Time Mid-Infrared Backscattering Spectroscopy System
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2020-12-18), p. 1124-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2020-12-18), p. 1124-
    Abstract: We report on the development of thermoelectrically cooled (TE-cooled) InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) single element infrared (IR) photodetectors and exemplify their applicability for real-time IR spectroscopy in the mid-infrared in a possible application. As the European Union’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) threatens the usage of the state-of-the-art detector material mercury cadmium telluride (MCT), RoHS-compatible alternatives to MCT have to be established for IR detection. We use bandgap engineered InAs/GaSb T2SLs to tailor the temperature-dependent bandgap energy for detection throughout the required spectral range. Molecular beam epitaxy of superlattice samples is performed on GaAs substrates with a metamorphic GaAsSb buffer layer. Photolithographic processing yields laterally-operated T2SL photodetectors. Integrated in a TE-cooled IR detector module, such T2SL photodetectors can be an alternative to MCT photodetectors for spectroscopy applications. Here, we exemplify this by exchanging a commercially available MCT-based IR detector module with our T2SL-based IR detector module in a real-time mid-infrared backscattering spectroscopy system for substance identification. The key detector requirements imposed by the spectroscopy system are a MHz-bandwidth, a broad spectral response, and a high signal-to-noise ratio, all of which are covered by the reported T2SL-based IR detector module. Hence, in this paper, we demonstrate the versatility of TE-cooled InAs/GaSb T2SL photodetectors and their applicability in an IR spectroscopy system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi11121124
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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