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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Inhibition of Virus-Induced Cytokine Production from Airway Epithelial Cells by the Late Addition of Budesonide
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Medicina Vol. 56, No. 3 ( 2020-02-27), p. 98-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 56, No. 3 ( 2020-02-27), p. 98-
    Abstract: Background and objectives: Viral infection is the main cause of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) exacerbation and accumulate inflammatory cells to airway tissue. We have reported poly I:C, a mimic product of the virus and ligand of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), induced inflammatory chemokines from airway epithelial cells and found prior incubation with corticosteroids diminishes the effect of TLR3 activation. In clinical practice, mild asthma is recommended as-needed budesonide (BUD) when symptoms occur following a viral infection, etc. However, many questions still surround BUD’s usefulness if taken after a virus has already infected airway tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of BUD on inflammatory cytokines induced by viral infection. Materials and Methods: Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with poly I:C or infected with human rhinovirus-16 (HRV16) and BUD was added after the initial stimulation. Expression of both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and CCL26/eotaxin-3 was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Knockdown study was performed. Results: Pre-or post-incubation with BUD inhibited both poly I:C- and HRV16-induced mRNAs and proteins of both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and CCL26 with significance. Knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor diminished these effects of BUD. Under the same conditions of BUD’s experiment, post-incubation with neither fluticasone propionate nor dexamethasone suppressed expression of both TSLP and CCL26, which induced by poly I:C. Conclusion: Post-addition of BUD inhibited the virus-induced TSLP and CCL26 from the airway epithelial cells. These results suggest that inhalation of BUD after viral infection has beneficial effects on asthma. Conclusion: Late addition of BUD may benefit among patient with viral infection and type 2 allergic airway disease such as asthma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030098
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 2
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    Correlation of Arterial CO2 and Respiratory Impedance Values among Subjects with COPD
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-08-31), p. 2819-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-08-31), p. 2819-
    Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory illness characterized by airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms with a global prevalence estimated to be more than 10% in 2010 and still on the rise. Furthermore, hypercapnic subject COPD leads to an increased risk of mortality, morbidity, and poor QoL (quality of life) than normocapnic subjects. Series of studies showed the usefulness of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) to measure small airway closure. Traditional findings suggested that hypercapnia may not be the main treating targets, but recent findings suggested that blood stream CO2 may lead to a worse outcome. This study aimed to seek the relationship between CO2 and small airway closure by using FOT. Subjects with COPD (n = 124; hypercapnia 22 and normocapnia 102) were analyzed for all pulmonary function values, FOT values, and arterial blood gas analysis. Student’s t-test, Spearman rank correlation, and multi linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. COPD subjects with hypercapnia showed a significant increase in R5, R20, Fres, and ALX values, and a greater decrease in X5 value than normocapnic patients. Also, multiple linear regression analysis showed R5 was associated with hypercapnia. Hypercapnia may account for airway closure among subjects with COPD and this result suggests treating hypercapnia may lead to better outcomes for such a subject group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092819
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Impact of Positive-Margin Resection of External Auditory Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 17 ( 2023-08-27), p. 4289-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 17 ( 2023-08-27), p. 4289-
    Abstract: Background: Positive-margin resection of external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma (EAC-SCC) is still a major cause of recurrence. The aim of this study is to examine the clinical impact of positive-margin resection of EAC-SCCs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 40 surgical cases with en bloc temporal bone resection of EAC-SCC at a tertiary referral center from October 2016 to March 2022. Results: Two-year disease-specific, overall, and disease-free survival rates for all 40 cases reviewed were 85.2%, 88.85%, and 76.96%, respectively. En bloc resection with a negative margin significantly improved patient prognosis (p 〈 0.001). Positive-margin resection was observed in 9/40 cases (22.5%). Insufficient assessment of preoperative images was the cause in two of these cases. Postoperative lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were observed in cases in which vascular, lymphatic duct or perineural invasion was found on postoperative pathological examination. In addition, three cases in which no vascular, lymphatic duct, or perineural invasion was found exhibited local recurrence during the follow-up period. Of the nine positive-margin resection cases, only two showed no postoperative recurrence. Conclusions: Once positive-margin resections are confirmed, cases might have a high risk of tumor recurrence, even with the addition of postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174289
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
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    Late-Evening Snack with Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Enriched Nutrients Does Not Always Inhibit Overt Diabetes in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Pilot Study
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-09-07), p. 2140-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-09-07), p. 2140-
    Abstract: Cirrhosis patients often have abnormal glucose metabolism. We investigated the effects of a late-evening snack (LES) with branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutrients (BCAA-EN) on glucose metabolism in cirrhosis patients. LES with BCAA-EN was administered for 1 week in 13 patients with cirrhosis and hypoalbuminemia. Blood glucose (BG) levels were measured every 15 min. The patients were divided into two groups based on BG levels: group 1 (G1, n = 11): nocturnal BG levels 〈 200 mg/dL and group 2 (G2, n = 2): nocturnal BG levels ≥200 mg/dL. G1 had nocturnal BG levels 〈 200 mg/dL, whereas G2 had nocturnal BG levels ≥200 mg/dL. The average BG levels did not significantly change after BCAA-EN administration in G1 (before 91.9 ± 29.0 mg/dL; after 89.0 ± 24.3 mg/dl). However, the average BG levels significantly increased after BCAA-EN administration in G2 (before 153.6 ± 43.3 mg/dL; after 200.9 ± 59.7 mg/dL) (p 〈 0.01). The glycated albumin level (16.6 ± 0.9% vs. 16.2 ± 2.1%), fasting immunoreactive insulin (F-IRI) level (53.9 ± 34.0 μU/mL vs. 16.5 ± 11.0 μU/mL), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score (17.85 ± 10.58 vs. 4.02 ± 2.59) were significantly higher in G2 than in G1 (p 〈 0.05, p 〈 0.05, and p 〈 0.01, respectively). The quantitative insulin sensitivity check indices (0.32 ± 0.03 vs. 0.27 ± 0.02) were significantly higher in G1 than in G2 (p 〈 0.01). One patient in G2 was obese and had type 2 diabetes. The other patient was obese and had a high HOMA-IR score and F-IRI level. A LES with BCAA-EN does not inhibit overt diabetes in most cirrhosis patients. However, close attention should be paid to fluctuations in BG levels in cirrhosis patients who present with obesity and severe insulin resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11092140
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 5
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    Management of Residual Hearing with Cartilage Conduction Hearing Aid after Lateral Temporal Bone Resection: Our Institutional Experience
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Audiology Research Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-06-09), p. 263-274
    Details
    In: Audiology Research, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-06-09), p. 263-274
    Abstract: Background: There is no guideline for hearing compensation after temporal bone resection. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze surgical cases with reconstruction for hearing preservation after temporal bone malignancy resection and propose a new alternative to compensate for hearing loss. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 30 patients who underwent lateral temporal bone surgery for temporal bone malignancy at our institution and examined their hearing abilities after surgery. Result: The hearing outcomes of patients with an external auditory meatus reconstruction varied widely. The mean postoperative air–bone gap at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz ranged from 22.5 dB to 71.25 dB. On the other hand, the average difference between the aided sound field thresholds with cartilage conduction hearing aid and bone conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz ranged from −3.75 to 41.25. More closely located auricular cartilage and temporal bone resulted in smaller differences between the aided sound field and bone conduction thresholds. Conclusions: There is still room for improvement of surgical techniques for reconstruction of the auditory meatus to preserve hearing after temporal bone resection. The cartilage conduction hearing aid may provide non-invasive postoperative hearing compensation after lateral temporal bone resection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2039-4349
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11020024
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2612981-4
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  • 6
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    Preoperative 3D FSE T1-Weighted MR Plaque Imaging for Severely Stenotic Cervical ICA: Accuracy of Predicting Emboli during Carotid Endarterectomy
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2016-10-27), p. 1791-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2016-10-27), p. 1791-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111791
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    The Coefficient of Variation of Step Time Can Overestimate Gait Abnormality: Test-Retest Reliability of Gait-Related Parameters Obtained with a Tri-Axial Accelerometer in Healthy Subjects
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2020-01-21), p. 577-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2020-01-21), p. 577-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether variation in gait-related parameters among healthy participants could help detect gait abnormalities. In total, 36 participants (21 men, 15 women; mean age, 35.7 ± 9.9 years) performed a 10-m walk six times while wearing a tri-axial accelerometer fixed at the L3 level. A second walk was performed ≥1 month after the first (mean interval, 49.6 ± 7.6 days). From each 10-m data set, the following nine gait-related parameters were automatically calculated: assessment time, number of steps, stride time, cadence, ground force reaction, step time, coefficient of variation (CV) of step time, velocity, and step length. Six repeated measurement values were averaged for each gait parameter. In addition, for each gait parameter, the difference between the first and second assessments was statistically examined, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated with the level of significance set at p 〈 0.05. Only the CV of step time showed a significant difference between the first and second assessments (p = 0.0188). The CV of step time also showed the lowest ICC, at 〈 0.50 (0.425), among all parameters. Test–retest results of gait assessment using a tri-axial accelerometer showed sufficient reproducibility in terms of the clinical evaluation of all parameters except the CV of step time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20030577
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 8
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    Rab44 Deficiency Induces Impaired Immune Responses to Nickel Allergy
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 994-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 994-
    Abstract: Rab44 was recently identified as an atypical Rab GTPase that possesses EF-hand and coiled-coil domains at the N-terminus, and a Rab-GTPase domain at the C-terminus. Rab44 is highly expressed in immune-related cells such as mast cells, macrophages, osteoclasts, and granulocyte-lineage cells in the bone marrow. Therefore, it is speculated that Rab44 is involved in the inflammation and differentiation of immune cells. However, little is known about the role of Rab44 in inflammation. In this study, we showed that Rab44 was upregulated during the early phase of differentiation of M1- and M2-type macrophages. Rab44-deficient mice exhibited impaired tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10 production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The number of granulocytes in Rab44-deficient mice was lower, but the lymphocyte count in Rab44-deficient mice was significantly higher than that in wild-type mice after LPS stimulation. Moreover, Rab44-deficient macrophages showed impaired nickel-induced toxicity, and Rab44-deficient mice showed impaired nickel-induced hypersensitivity. Upon nickel hypersensitivity induction, Rab44-deficient mice showed different frequencies of immune cells in the blood and ears. Thus, it is likely that Rab44 is implicated in immune cell differentiation and inflammation, and Rab44 deficiency induces impaired immune responses to nickel allergies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020994
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    N-Cadherin mRNA Levels in Peripheral Blood Could Be a Potential Indicator of New Metastases in Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2020-01-14), p. 511-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2020-01-14), p. 511-
    Abstract: Background: There is growing evidence that patients with metastatic breast cancer whose disease progresses from a new metastasis (NM) have a worse prognosis than that of patients whose disease progresses from a pre-existing metastasis. The aim of this pilot study is to identify a blood biomarker predicting NM in breast cancer. Methods: The expression of epithelial (cytokeratin 18/19) or mesenchymal (plastin-3, vimentin, and N-cadherin) markers in the peripheral blood (PB) of recurrent breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with eribulin or S-1 was measured over the course of treatment by RT-qPCR. The clinical significance of preoperative N-cadherin expression in the PB or tumor tissues of breast cancer patients undergoing curative surgery was assessed by RT-qPCR or using public datasets. Finally, N-cadherin expression in specific PB cell types was assessed by RT-qPCR. Results: The expression levels of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin were high in the NM cases, whereas that of the epithelial marker cytokeratin 18 was high in the pre-existing metastasis cases. High preoperative N-cadherin expression in PB or tumor tissues was significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival. N-cadherin was expressed mainly in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in PB. Conclusion: N-cadherin mRNA levels in blood may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker predicting NM, including recurrence, in breast cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020511
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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