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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correlation between Irradiation Treatment and Metabolite Changes in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae Using Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-20), p. 4641-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-20), p. 4641-
    Abstract: The metabolites produced by the larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to different doses of irradiation were analyzed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and a metabonomic analysis method of irradiated insects based on GC-MS was established. The analysis revealed 67 peaks, of which 23 peaks were identified. The metabolites produced by larvae treated with different irradiation doses were compared by multivariate statistical analysis, and eight differential metabolites were selected. Irradiation seriously influenced the fatty acid metabolic pathway in larvae. Using the R platform combined with the method of multivariate statistical analysis, changes to metabolite production under four irradiation doses given to B. dorsalis larvae were described. Differential metabolites of B. dorsalis larvae carried chemical signatures that indicated irradiation dose, and this method is expected to provide a reference for the detection of irradiated insects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144641
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids, Total Cholesterol, and Stomach Cancer in a Chinese Population
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2019-07-26), p. 1730-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2019-07-26), p. 1730-
    Abstract: To investigate the associations between dietary fatty acids and cholesterol consumption and stomach cancer (SC), we analyzed data from a population-based case-control study with a total of 1900 SC cases and 6532 controls. Dietary data and other risk or protective factors were collected by face-to-face interviews in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2003 to 2010. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple unconditional logistic regression models and an energy-adjusted method. The joint associations between dietary factors and known risk factors on SC were examined. We observed positive associations between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and total cholesterol and the development of SC, comparing the highest versus lowest quarters. Increased intakes of dietary SFAs (p-trend = 0.005; aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01–1.22 with a 7 g/day increase as a continuous variable) and total cholesterol (p-trend 〈 0.001; aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06–1.22 with a 250 mg/day increase as a continuous variable) were monotonically associated with elevated odds of developing SC. Our results indicate that dietary SFAs, MUFAs, and total cholesterol are associated with stomach cancer, which might provide a potential dietary intervention for stomach cancer prevention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11081730
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Population Pharmacodynamic Analyses of Human Anti-Rabies Virus Monoclonal Antibody (Ormutivimab) in Healthy Adult Subjects
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-07-29), p. 1218-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-07-29), p. 1218-
    Abstract: Ormutivimab is the first recombinant human anti-rabies monoclonal antibody (rhRIG) approved for clinical application in China. In this study, a population pharmacodynamic (PPD) model was established to compare the neutralizing antibody activities of Ormutivimab and human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG), alone or combined with human rabies vaccine (Vero), in a phase II clinical trial, and to recommend a target dose for the phase III trial. The model was verified to fit the PPD data well. The stability of the model was verified by the bootstrap method. The level of neutralizing antibodies in vivo increased rapidly after administration of Ormutivimab or HRIG. Neutralizing antibodies with a strong activity were produced at 7 days (Ormutivimab + vaccine) or 10 days (HRIG + vaccine) after induction by the vaccine in vivo. Compared to that induced by HRIG + vaccine, the level of the neutralizing antibodies induced by Ormutivimab + vaccine peaked higher and faster. The levels of neutralizing antibodies induced by Ormutivimab + vaccine and HRIG + vaccine were similar within 21 days after administration. According to these results and the safety data, 20 IU·kg−1 was recommended as the target dose in the confirmatory study of Ormutivimab. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02559921.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081218
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glycochenodeoxycholate Affects Iron Homeostasis via Up-Regulating Hepcidin Expression
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-08-02), p. 3176-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-08-02), p. 3176-
    Abstract: Increasing hepcidin expression is a vital factor in iron homeostasis imbalance among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have elucidated that abnormal serum steroid levels might cause the elevation of hepcidin. Glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDCA), a steroid, is significantly elevated in patients with CKD. However, the correlation between GCDCA and hepcidin has not been elucidated. Decreased serum iron levels and increased hepcidin levels were both detected in patients with CKD in this study. Additionally, the concentrations of GCDCA in nephropathy patients were found to be higher than those in healthy subjects. HepG2 cells were used to investigate the effect of GCDCA on hepcidin in vitro. The results showed that hepcidin expression increased by nearly two-fold against control under 200 μM GCDCA treatment. The phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 increased remarkably, while STAT3 and CREBH remained unchanged. GCDCA triggered the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), followed with the transcription and expression of both BMP6 and ALK3 (upward regulators of SMAD1/5/8). Thus, GCDCA is a potential regulator for hepcidin, which possibly acts by triggering FXR and the BMP6/ALK3-SMAD signaling pathway. Furthermore, 40 C57/BL6 mice were treated with 100 mg/kg/d, 200 mg/kg/d, and 300 mg/kg/d GCDCA to investigate its effect on hepcidin in vivo. The serum level of hepcidin increased in mice treated with 200 mg/kg/d and 300 mg/kg/d GCDCA, while hemoglobin and serum iron levels decreased. Similarly, the FXR-mediated SMAD signaling pathway was also responsible for activating hepcidin in liver. Overall, it was concluded that GCDCA could induce the expression of hepcidin and reduce serum iron level, in which FXR activation-related SMAD signaling was the main target for GCDCA. Thus, abnormal GCDCA level indicates a potential risk of iron homeostasis imbalance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14153176
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Polysaccharide Isolated from Codonopsis pilosula with Immunomodulation Effects Both In Vitro and In Vivo
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 20 ( 2019-10-09), p. 3632-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 20 ( 2019-10-09), p. 3632-
    Abstract: In this study, an acidic polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen (WCP-I) and its main fragment, WCP-Ia, obtained after pectinase digestion, were structurally elucidated and found to consist of a rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) region containing both arabinogalactan type I (AG-I) and type II (AG-II) as sidechains. They both expressed immunomodulating activity against Peyer’s patch cells. Endo-1,4-β-galactanase degradation gave a decrease of interleukine 6 (IL-6) production compared with native WCP-I and WCP-Ia, but exo-α-l-arabinofuranosidase digestion showed no changes in activity. This demonstrated that the stimulation activity partly disappeared with removal of β-d-(1→4)-galactan chains, proving that the AG-I side chain plays an important role in immunoregulation activity. WCP-Ia had a better promotion effect than WCP-I in vivo, shown through an increased spleen index, higher concentrations of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum, and a slight increment in the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio. These results suggest that β-d-(1→4)-galactan-containing chains in WCP-I play an essential role in the expression of immunomodulating activity. Combining all the results in this and previous studies, the intestinal immune system might be the target site of WCP-Ia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203632
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MFIDMA: A Multiple Information Integration Model for the Prediction of Drug–miRNA Associations
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 41-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 41-
    Abstract: Abnormal microRNA (miRNA) functions play significant roles in various pathological processes. Thus, predicting drug–miRNA associations (DMA) may hold great promise for identifying the potential targets of drugs. However, discovering the associations between drugs and miRNAs through wet experiments is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, it is significant to develop computational prediction methods to improve the efficiency of identifying DMA on a large scale. In this paper, a multiple features integration model (MFIDMA) is proposed to predict drug–miRNA association. Specifically, we first formulated known DMA as a bipartite graph and utilized structural deep network embedding (SDNE) to learn the topological features from the graph. Second, the Word2vec algorithm was utilized to construct the attribute features of the miRNAs and drugs. Third, two kinds of features were entered into the convolution neural network (CNN) and deep neural network (DNN) to integrate features and predict potential target miRNAs for the drugs. To evaluate the MFIDMA model, it was implemented on three different datasets under a five-fold cross-validation and achieved average AUCs of 0.9407, 0.9444 and 0.8919. In addition, the MFIDMA model showed reliable results in the case studies of Verapamil and hsa-let-7c-5p, confirming that the proposed model can also predict DMA in real-world situations. The model was effective in analyzing the neighbors and topological features of the drug–miRNA network by SDNE. The experimental results indicated that the MFIDMA is an accurate and robust model for predicting potential DMA, which is significant for miRNA therapeutics research and drug discovery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12010041
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strong External Electric Fields Reduce Explosive Sensitivity: A Theoretical Investigation into the Reaction Selectivity in NH2NO2∙∙∙NH3
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 2586-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 2586-
    Abstract: Controlling the selectivity of a detonation initiation reaction of explosive is essential to reduce sensitivity, and it seems impossible to reduce it by strengthening the external electric field. To verify this, the effects of external electric fields on the initiation reactions in NH2NO2∙∙∙NH3, a model system of the nitroamine explosive with alkaline additive, were investigated at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,p) and CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,p) levels. The concerted effect in the intermolecular hydrogen exchange is characterized by an index of the imaginary vibrations. Due to the weakened concerted effects by the electric field along the −x-direction opposite to the “reaction axis”, the dominant reaction changes from the intermolecular hydrogen exchange to 1,3-intramolecular hydrogen transference with the increase in the field strengths. Furthermore, the stronger the field strengths, the higher the barrier heights become, indicating the lower sensitivities. Therefore, by increasing the field strength and adjusting the orientation between the field and “reaction axis”, not only can the reaction selectivity be controlled, but the sensitivity can also be reduced, in particular under a super-strong field. Thus, a traditional concept, in which the explosive is dangerous under the super-strong external electric field, is theoretically broken. Compared to the neutral medium, a low sensitivity of the explosive with alkaline can be achieved under the stronger field. Employing atoms in molecules, reduced density gradient, and surface electrostatic potentials, the origin of the reaction selectivity and sensitivity change is revealed. This work provides a new idea for the technical improvement regarding adding the external electric field into the explosive system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062586
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of Inulin-Type Fructan from Platycodon grandiflorus and Study on Its Prebiotic and Immunomodulating Activity
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2019-03-27), p. 1199-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2019-03-27), p. 1199-
    Abstract: Platycodon grandiflorus is a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, of which polysaccharides are reported to be the main components responsible for its bio-functions. In this work, the inulin-type fructan (PGF) was obtained by DEAE anion exchange chromatography from the water extracted from P. grandifloras. Characterization was performed with methanolysis, methylation, and NMR and the results showed that PGF is a β-(2-1) linked fructan, with terminal glucose and with a degree of polymerization of 2–10. In order to study its biofunctions, the prebiotic and immunomodulation properties were assayed. We found that PGF exhibited good prebiotic activity, as shown by a promotion on six strains of lactobacillus proliferation. Additionally, the PGF also displayed direct immunomodulation on intestinal epithelial cells and stimulated the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors. These results indicated that the inulin from P. grandiflorus is a potential natural source of prebiotics as well as a potential intestinal immunomodulator, which will be valuable for further studies and new applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SGCNCMI: A New Model Combining Multi-Modal Information to Predict circRNA-Related miRNAs, Diseases and Genes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biology Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-13), p. 1350-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-13), p. 1350-
    Abstract: Computational prediction of miRNAs, diseases, and genes associated with circRNAs has important implications for circRNA research, as well as provides a reference for wet experiments to save costs and time. In this study, SGCNCMI, a computational model combining multimodal information and graph convolutional neural networks, combines node similarity to form node information and then predicts associated nodes using GCN with a distributive contribution mechanism. The model can be used not only to predict the molecular level of circRNA–miRNA interactions but also to predict circRNA–cancer and circRNA–gene associations. The AUCs of circRNA—miRNA, circRNA–disease, and circRNA–gene associations in the five-fold cross-validation experiment of SGCNCMI is 89.42%, 84.18%, and 82.44%, respectively. SGCNCMI is one of the few models in this field and achieved the best results. In addition, in our case study, six of the top ten relationship pairs with the highest prediction scores were verified in PubMed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology11091350
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Morphometric Characteristic of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) · Wuhan Strain and Its Egg Production Improved by Selectively Inbreeding
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Life Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-10), p. 873-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-10), p. 873-
    Abstract: The use of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae to recycle various organic materials while producing biomass for use as feed is well established. Variety selection is important from the perspective of application. In the current study, morphometric and life-history traits of a Wuhan-domesticated BSF colony (Wuhan strain) were compared to those of a ‘selectively inbred’ population (inbred strain, inbred for 10 generations). In terms of morphological characteristics, the results showed that both strains had dichoptic compound eyes, club-shaped antennae, blue halters, and blue-green metallic luster wings with a hexagon discal cell. In both strains, the body and wing length of female adults were slightly larger than those of male adults. The first four larval stages of the BSF occurred rapidly (1–12 days) with transitions across stages resulting in doubling of size for both populations. Selective inbreeding did not alter the life-history traits of the larval exuviate stage in terms of age, size, weight, and feed reduction rate. Overall egg production for the inbred strain was significantly higher (1.5 times greater) than the Wuhan strain. This is explained by increased adult emergence and individual oviposition performance. It was speculated that inbreeding improved the reproductive success of inbred adult female offspring and selection process steadied it. The findings indicate that selective inbreeding could enhance overall oviposition performance and provide a strategy to selectively breed BSF with high egg production for future applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life12060873
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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