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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Prediction of Excess Enthalpy Using Volume-Translated Peng–Robinson Equation of State
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  ChemEngineering Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2021-02-09), p. 8-
    Details
    In: ChemEngineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2021-02-09), p. 8-
    Abstract: In this work volume-translated Peng–Robinson group contribution equation of state was used to calculate excess enthalpies. Four model systems were selected with the purpose to compare experimental and predicted enthalpy values at different temperatures. After the calculations were performed in Matlab software, results were verified with free software tool of Dortmunder Datenbank (DDB). In a next step, the mixing process and interaction forces were described on the basis of the sign and course of enthalpy values. The endothermic behavior of three systems could be well predicted, while for the most polar system, predictions were less precise. Furthermore, the discrepancy between experimental data from the literature and predicted values was discussed to evaluate the accuracy of the selected model. Lowest mean deviations ( 〈 75 J/mol and 〈 15% at all temperatures) could be stated for alkane/benzene mixtures, while highest deviations could be again observed for the most polar mixture. Although the magnitude of deviations was in agreement with the literature, it could be shown that the selected temperature is of major importance for the quality of predictions. Furthermore, a review of different literature values for the n-hexane/benzene system could reveal that the reliability of experimental data has to be carefully checked.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-7084
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering5010008
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2912712-9
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  • 2
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    Gender-Related Discrepancies in Short-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-12), p. 2202-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-12), p. 2202-
    Abstract: The sex differences in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) surgery are still unclear. Our aim was to investigate the impact of gender on short-term outcomes in males and females after off-pump bypass procedures. Our research was designed as a double-center retrospective analysis. Generally, 343 patients (men (n = 255) and women (n = 88)) who underwent an OPCAB procedure were included in our study. To provide a statistical analysis of unequal cohorts, we created a propensity score-based matching (PSM) analysis (men, n = 61; women, n = 61). The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Dialysis, transient ischemic attack (TIA), low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), reoperation due to postoperative bleeding, wound infection and duration of hospital stay were secondary outcomes in our analysis. No significant differences were detected within the male and female groups regarding age (p = 0.116), BMI (p = 0.221), diabetes (p = 0.853), cardiogenic shock (0.256), STEMI (p = 0.283), NSTEMI (p = 0.555) and dialysis (p = 0.496). Males underwent significantly more frequently (p = 0.005) total-arterial revascularization with T-graft technique (p = 0.005) than females. In contrast, temporary pacer use was significantly higher (p = 0.022) in females compared to males. The in-hospital mortality rate was not significantly higher (p = 0.496) in the female group compared to the male group. Likewise, secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between the non-adjusted and the adjusted groups. Based on our findings, gender has no impact on short-term outcomes after OPCAB surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062202
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Consequences of Obesity on Short-Term Outcomes in Patients Who Underwent Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 1929-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 1929-
    Abstract: The correlation between off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery and obesity-related outcomes is still uncertain. The aim of our study was to analyse the pre-, intra-, and postoperative short-term outcomes between obese and non-obese patients after off-pump bypass surgery. We performed a retrospective analysis from January 2017 until November 2022, including a total of 332 (non-obese (n = 193) and obese (n = 139)) patients who underwent an OPCAB procedure due to coronary artery disease (CAD). The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Our results showed no difference regarding mean age of the study population between both groups. The use of the T-graft technique was significantly higher (p = 0.045) in the non-obese group compared to the obese group. The dialysis rate was significantly lower in non-obese patients (p = 0.019). In contrast, the wound infection rate was significantly higher (p = 0.014) in the non-obese group compared to the obese group. The all-cause in-hospital mortality rate did not differ significantly (p = 0.651) between the two groups. Furthermore, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and reoperation were relevant predictors for in-hospital mortality. Therefore, OPCAB surgery remains a safe procedure even in obese patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051929
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Treatment of Complex Two-Vessel Coronary Heart Disease with Single Left Internal Mammary Artery as T-Graft with Itself—A Retrospective Double Center Analysis of Short-Term Outcomes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 10 ( 2022-10-09), p. 1415-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 10 ( 2022-10-09), p. 1415-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: The strategy of revascularization may be constrained in patients with insufficient bypass grafts and with increased risk of wound healing disorders. Among those with complex left-sided double-vessel disease in whom a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as the surgical procedure of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via left minithoracotomy (MICS CABG), is not a treatment option, CABG using the left internal mammary artery as a T-graft with itself may be an effective treatment strategy. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the data from patients treated in Cologne and Tuebingen from 2019 to 2022. We included 40 patients who received left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting, and additional T-graft with the LIMA itself. The objective was focused on intraoperative and short-term outcomes. Results: A total of 40 patients were treated with the LIMA-LIMA T-graft procedure with a Fowler score calculated at 20.1 ± 3.0. A total of 37.5% of all patients had lacking venous graft material due to prior vein stripping, and 21 patients presented severe vein varicosis. An overall of 2.6 ± 0.5 distal anastomoses (target vessels were left anterior descending, diagonal, intermediate branch, and/or left marginal ramus) were performed, partly sequentially. Mean flow of LIMA-Left anterior descending (LAD) anastomosis was 59.31 ± 11.04 mL/min with a mean PI of 1.21 ± 0.18. Mean flow of subsequent T-Graft accounted for 51.31 ± 3.81 mL/min with a mean PI of 1.39 ± 0.47. Median hospital stay was 6.2 (5.0; 7.5) days. No incidence of postoperative wound healing disorders was observed, and all patients were discharged. There was one 30-day readmission with a diagnosis of pericardial effusion (2.5%). There was no 30-day mortality within the cohort. Conclusions: Patients requiring surgical myocardial revascularization due to complex two-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) can be easily managed with LIMA alone, despite an elevated Fowler score and a promising outcome. A prospective study needs to be conducted, as well as longer term surveillance, to substantiate and benchmark the long-term results, as well as the patency rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101415
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 5
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    Interorganizational Networks in Physical Activity Promotion: A Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 14 ( 2021-07-08), p. 7306-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 14 ( 2021-07-08), p. 7306-
    Abstract: Public health challenges such as physical inactivity are multiplex and cannot be effectively addressed by single organizations or sectors. For this reason, public health policies have to involve various sectors and foster partnerships among organizations. Social network analysis (SNA) provides a methodological toolkit that enables the investigation of relationships between organizations to reveal information about the structure and cooperation within networks. This systematic review provides an overview of studies utilizing SNA to analyze the structure of networks that promote physical activity, including the structural set-up, types, and conditions of cooperation, the existence or absence of key actors, the characteristics of organizations working together, and potential barriers limiting collaboration. In total, eight eligible studies were identified. To evaluate the quality of these studies, a quality assessment tool for SNA was created. Relevant aspects from each study were systematically outlined using a data extraction template developed for network studies. The studies reported low to moderate density scores with many ties not being realized. Organizations tend to work side by side than as real partners, whereas organizations of the same type are more strongly connected. Most of the studies identified governmental health organizations as key players in their networks. Network maturity influences network outcomes. Shared goals and geographic proximity are potential facilitators for network development. For future research, more sophisticated methods and longitudinal studies are required to describe how networks, with the aim of promoting physical activity, develop and change to identify predicting factors for an effective network structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147306
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
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    Blood Levels of Free-Circulating Mitochondrial DNA in Septic Shock and Postsurgical Systemic Inflammation and Its Influence on Coagulation: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Observational Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-06-30), p. 2056-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-06-30), p. 2056-
    Abstract: Major surgery is regularly associated with clinical signs of systemic inflammation, which potentially affects the rapid identification of sepsis. Therefore, this secondary analysis of an observational study aims to determine whether NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could be used as a potential biomarker for the discrimination between septic shock and postsurgical systemic inflammation. Overall, 80 patients were included (septic shock (n = 20), cardiac artery bypass grafting (CABG, n = 20), major abdominal surgery (MAS, n = 20), and matched controls (CTRL, n = 20)). Quantitative PCR was performed to measure ND1 mtDNA. Thromboelastography was used to analyze the coagulatory system. Free-circulating ND1 mtDNA levels were significantly higher in septic shock patients compared to patients suffering from post-surgical inflammation ({copies/µL}: CTRL: 1208 (668–2685); septic shock: 3823 (2170–7318); CABG: 1272 (417–2720); and MAS: 1356 (694–2845); CTRL vs. septic shock: p 〈 0.001; septic shock vs. CABG: p 〈 0.001; septic shock vs. MAS: p = 0.006; CABG vs. MAS: p = 0.01). ND1 mtDNA levels in CABG patients showed a strong positive correlation with fibrinogen (correlation coefficient [r]= 0.57, p 〈 0.001) and fibrinogen-dependent thromboelastographic assays (maximum clot firmness, EXTEM: r = 0.35, p = 0.01; INTEM: r = 0.31, p = 0.02; FIBTEM: r = 0.46, p 〈 0.001). In conclusion, plasma levels of free-circulating ND1 mtDNA were increased in septic shock patients and were discriminative between sepsis and surgery-induced inflammation. Furthermore, this study showed an association between ND1 mtDNA and a fibrinogen-dependent pro-coagulatory shift in cardiac surgical patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072056
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction Is Associated with Increased Levels of Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Lung Transplant Recipients
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2022-07-16), p. 4142-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2022-07-16), p. 4142-
    Abstract: Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD) is a life-threatening complication that limits the long-term survival of lung transplantation patients. Early diagnosis remains the basis of efficient management of CLAD, making the need for distinctive biomarkers critical. This explorative study aimed to investigate the predictive power of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) to detect CLAD. The study included 106 lung transplant recipients and analyzed 286 BAL samples for cell count, cell differentiation, and inflammatory and mitochondrial biomarkers, including mtDNA. A receiver operating curve analysis of mtDNA levels was used to assess its ability to detect CLAD. The results revealed a discriminatory pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in the BAL fluid of CLAD patients. The concentration of mtDNA increased in step with each CLAD stage, reaching its highest concentration in stage 4, and correlated significantly with decreasing FEV1. The receiver operating curve analysis of mtDNA in BAL revealed a moderate prediction of CLAD when all stages were grouped together (AUROC 0.75, p-value 〈 0.0001). This study has found the concentration mtDNA in BAL to be a potential predictor for the early detection of CLAD and the differentiation of different CLAD stages, independent of the underlying pathology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144142
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    Statin Use Ameliorates Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—Data from a Population-Based Cohort Study Applying Propensity Score Matching
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-27), p. 369-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-27), p. 369-
    Abstract: The anti-cancer properties of statins have attracted much attention recently, but little is known about the prognostic role of statins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In a retrospective approach, we analyzed a population-based cohort of 602 OSCC patients with primary curative tumor resection to negative margins and concomitant neck dissection between 2005–2017. Long-term medication with statins was correlated with overall survival (OAS) as well as recurrence-free survival (RFS) using uni- and multivariable Cox regression. Additionally, propensity score matching was applied to adjust for confounders. Statin use was present in 96 patients (15.9%) at a median age of 65.7 years. Statin treatment correlated with ameliorated survival in multivariable Cox regression in the complete cohort (OAS: HR 0.664; 95% CI 0.467–0.945, p = 0.023; RFS: HR 0.662; 95% CI 0.476–0.920, p = 0.014) as well as matched-pair cohort of OSCC patients (OAS: HR 0.691; 95% CI 0.479–0.997, p = 0.048; RFS: HR 0.694; 95% CI 0.493–0.976, p = 0.036) when compared to patients not taking statins at time of diagnosis. These findings were even more pronounced by sub-group analysis in the matched-pair cohort (age 〈 70 years). These data indicate that statin use might ameliorate the oncological outcome in primarily resected OSCC patients, but prospective clinical trials are highly recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020369
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 9
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    Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Allows the Reliable Assessment of Deformity Correction during Periacetabular Osteotomy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-17), p. 4817-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-17), p. 4817-
    Abstract: We aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of measures characterizing anterior, lateral, and posterior acetabular coverage on intraoperative fluoroscopic images compared to postoperative radiographs when performing periacetabular osteotomies (PAOs). A study involving 100 PAOs was initiated applying a standardized intraoperative imaging protocol. Coverage was determined by the lateral center edge angle (LCEA), the Tönnis angle (TA), and the anterior and posterior wall index (AWI, PWI). An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) model was used to assess interrater (ICC (3,2)) and intrarater (ICC (2,1)) reliability. The ICC (2,2) between analyses obtained from intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative radiographs and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined and complemented by Bland–Altman analysis, the mean difference, and 95% limits of agreement (LOA). The ICCs were 0.849 for the LCEA (95% CI 0.783–0.896), 0.897 for the TA (95% CI 0.851–0.930), 0.864 for the AWI (95% CI 0.804–0.907), and 0.804 for the PWI (0.722–0.864). The assessed interrater reliability was excellent except for the AWI, which was graded good (ICC = 0.857, 95% CI 0.794–0.902). Interrater agreement was generally good and fair for the AWI (ICC = 0.715, 95% CI 0.603–0.780). For each postoperative radiograph, interrater reliability was good with ICCs ranging from 0.813 (TA) to 0.881 (PWI). Intrarater reliability was good for all measurements and excellent for the preoperative TA (ICC = 0.993, 95% CI 0.984–0.997) and PWI (ICC = 0.954, 95% CI 0.919–0.97). In summary, we confirm the validity and reliability of intraoperative fluoroscopy as an alternative imaging modality to radiography to evaluate acetabular fragment orientation during PAO. We affirm the LCEA and TA as precise measures for lateral head coverage, and show the suitability of the AWI and PWI to steadily assess acetabular version.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164817
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Taxane-Induced Neuropathy and Its Ocular Effects—A Longitudinal Follow-up Study in Breast Cancer Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 2444-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 2444-
    Abstract: A common severe neurotoxic side effect of breast cancer (BC) therapy is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and intervention is highly needed for the detection, prevention, and treatment of CIPN at an early stage. As the eye is susceptible to neurotoxic stimuli, the present study aims to determine whether CIPN signs in paclitaxel-treated BC patients correlate with ocular changes by applying advanced non-invasive biophotonic in vivo imaging. Patients (n = 14, 10 controls) underwent monitoring sessions after diagnosis, during, and after therapy (T0-T3). Monitoring sessions included general anamnesis, assessment of their quality of life, neurological scores, ophthalmological status, macular optical coherence tomography (OCT), and imaging of their subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) by large-area confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM). At T0, no significant differences were detected between patients and controls. During treatment, patients’ scores significantly changed while the greatest differences were found between T0 and T3. None of the patients developed severe CIPN but retinal thickenings could be detected. CLSM revealed large SNP mosaics with identical areas while corneal nerves remained stable. The study represents the first longitudinal study combining oncological examinations with advanced biophotonic imaging techniques, demonstrating a powerful tool for the objective assessment of the severity of neurotoxic events with ocular structures acting as potential biomarkers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092444
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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