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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chemosensory Gene Families in the Oligophagous Pear Pest Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Insects Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2019-06-17), p. 175-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2019-06-17), p. 175-
    Abstract: Chemosensory systems play an important role in insect behavior, and some key associated genes have potential as novel targets for pest control. Cacopsylla chinensis is an oligophagous pest and has become one of the main pests of pear trees, but little is known about the molecular-level means by which it locates its hosts. In this study, we assembled the head transcriptome of C. chinensis using Illumina sequencing, and 63,052 Unigenes were identified. A total of 36 candidate chemosensory genes were identified, including five different families: 12 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 7 odorant receptors (ORs), 4 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 2 gustatory receptors (GRs). The number of chemosensory gene families is consistent with that found in other Hemipteran species, indicating that our approach successfully obtained the chemosensory genes of C. chinensis. The tissue expression of all genes using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) found that some genes displayed male head, female head, or nymph-biased specific/expression. Our results enrich the gene inventory of C. chinensis and provide valuable resources for the analysis of the functions of some key genes. This will help in developing molecular targets for disrupting feeding behavior in C. chinensis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects10060175
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the τ Decomposition Method for the Stability and Bifurcation of the TCP/AQM Networks versus Time Delay
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-02-25), p. 463-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-02-25), p. 463-
    Abstract: This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics of Transmission Control Protocol and Active Queue Management (TCP/AQM) networks, including the local stability and periodic bifurcation. The parameter of transportation delay affects the stability of the dynamical systems. One of the purposes of our work is to determine the delay stable interval of the transportation network. It is found that there is only one critical value of network delay by the τ decomposition technique. When the delay passes the critical point, the system performs Hopf bifurcation with a pair of symmetry with purely imaginary roots (PIR). In addition, the other purpose is to consider the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions. Combining with τ-decomposition strategy and central manifold theory, the issues of delay stable interval and stability of Hopf bifurcation are all tackled. Finally, numerical examples are illustrated to show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym14030463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aromatic Modification of Low Molecular Weight PEI for Enhanced Gene Delivery
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Polymers Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2017-08-15), p. 362-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2017-08-15), p. 362-
    Abstract: Low molecular weight polyethylenimine (1800 Da, also referred to as oligoethylenimines, OEI) was modified with amino acids, including two aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine) and an aliphatic amino acid (leucine). The substitution degree of amino acids could be controlled by adjusting the feeding mole ratio of the reactants. Fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism experiments demonstrated that the indole ring of tryptophan may intercalate into the DNA base pairs and contribute to efficient DNA condensation. In vitro gene expression results revealed that the modified OEIs (OEI-AAs) may provide higher transfection efficiency even than high molecular weight polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PEI), especially the aromatic tryptophan substituted OEI. Moreover, OEI-AAs exhibited excellent serum tolerance, and up to 137 times higher transfection efficiency than PEI 25 kDa that was obtained in the presence of serum. The cytotoxicity of OEI-AAs is much lower than PEI 25 kDa. This study may afford a new method for the development of low molecular weight oligomeric non-viral gene vectors with both high efficiency and biocompatibility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym9080362
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interactions between the Astrocytic Volume-Regulated Anion Channel and Aquaporin 4 in Hyposmotic Regulation of Vasopressin Neuronal Activity in the Supraoptic Nucleus
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cells Vol. 12, No. 13 ( 2023-06-26), p. 1723-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 13 ( 2023-06-26), p. 1723-
    Abstract: We assessed interactions between the astrocytic volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). Acute SON slices and cultures of hypothalamic astrocytes prepared from rats received hyposmotic challenge (HOC) with/without VRAC or AQP4 blockers. In acute slices, HOC caused an early decrease with a late rebound in the neuronal firing rate of vasopressin neurons, which required activity of astrocytic AQP4 and VRAC. HOC also caused a persistent decrease in the excitatory postsynaptic current frequency, supported by VRAC and AQP4 activity in early HOC; late HOC required only VRAC activity. These events were associated with the dynamics of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) filaments, the late retraction of which was mediated by VRAC activity; this activity also mediated an HOC-evoked early increase in AQP4 expression and late subside in GFAP-AQP4 colocalization. AQP4 activity supported an early HOC-evoked increase in VRAC levels and its colocalization with GFAP. In cultured astrocytes, late HOC augmented VRAC currents, the activation of which depended on AQP4 pre-HOC/HOC activity. HOC caused an early increase in VRAC expression followed by a late rebound, requiring AQP4 and VRAC, or only AQP4 activity, respectively. Astrocytic swelling in early HOC depended on AQP4 activity, and so did the early extension of GFAP filaments. VRAC and AQP4 activity supported late regulatory volume decrease, the retraction of GFAP filaments, and subside in GFAP-VRAC colocalization. Taken together, astrocytic morphological plasticity relies on the coordinated activities of VRAC and AQP4, which are mutually regulated in the astrocytic mediation of HOC-evoked modulation of vasopressin neuronal activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells12131723
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of Copy-Number Variations and Possible Candidate Genes in Recurrent Pregnancy Losses
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Genes Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2021-01-22), p. 141-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2021-01-22), p. 141-
    Abstract: It is well established that embryonic chromosomal abnormalities (both in the number of chromosomes and the structure) account for 50% of early pregnancy losses. However, little is known regarding the potential differences in the incidence and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities between patients with sporadic abortion (SA) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), let alone the role of submicroscopic copy-number variations (CNVs) in these cases. The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate the role of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and CNVs in the etiology of RPL compared with SA. Over a 3-year period, 1556 fresh products of conception (POCs) from miscarriage specimens were investigated using single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) and CNV sequencing (CNV-seq) in this study, along with further functional enrichment analysis. Chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 57.52% (895/1556) of all cases. Comparisons of the incidence and distributions of chromosomal abnormalities within the SA group and RPL group and within the different age groups were performed. Moreover, 346 CNVs in 173 cases were identified, including 272 duplications, 2 deletions and 72 duplications along with deletions. Duplications in 16q24.3 and 16p13.3 were significantly more frequent in RPL cases, and thereby considered to be associated with RPL. There were 213 genes and 131 signaling pathways identified as potential RPL candidate genes and signaling pathways, respectively, which were centered primarily on six functional categories. The results of the present study may improve our understanding of the etiologies of RPL and assist in the establishment of a population-based diagnostic panel of genetic markers for screening RPL amongst Chinese women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes12020141
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chemical Constituents of Stems and Leaves of Tagetespatula L. and Its Fingerprint
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 21 ( 2019-10-30), p. 3911-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 21 ( 2019-10-30), p. 3911-
    Abstract: Tagetespatula L. is a widely cultivated herbal medicinal plant in China and other countries. In this study, two new 2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran glucosides (1, 2) and fourteen known metabolites (3–16) were isolated from the stems and leaves of T. patula (SLT). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were characterized comprehensively based on one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. Absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by ECD calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate in vitro inhibitory activities against human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS) with IC50 values of 41.20 μmol/L and 30.43 μmol/L, respectively. The fingerprint profiles of stems and leaves of T. patula with three color types of flowers (Janie Yellow Bright, Jinmen Orange, Shouyao Red and Yellow color) were established by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ten different batches of stems and leaves were examined as follow: Shouyao Red and Yellow color (1, 2, 3), Janie Yellow Bright (4, 5, 6, 7) and Jinmen Orange (8, 9, 10). Twenty-two common peaks were identified with similarity values ranging from 0.910 to 0.977. Meanwhile, the average peak area of SLT in the three types of flowers was different and it was the highest in Janie Yellow Bright.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213911
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Febrile Seizures Cause Depression and Anxiogenic Behaviors in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 3228-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 3228-
    Abstract: Febrile seizure (FS) is a common type of seizure occurring in human during infancy and childhood. Although an epileptic seizure is associated with psychiatric disorders and comorbid diseases such as depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, sleep disorders, attention deficits, cognitive impairment, and migraine, the causal relationship between FS and psychiatric disorders is poorly understood. The objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship of FS occurrence in childhood with the pathogenesis of anxiety disorder and depression using an FS rat model. We induced febrile seizures in infantile rats (11 days postnatal) using a mercury vapor lamp. At 3 weeks and 12 weeks after FS induction, we examined behaviors and recorded local field potentials (LFPs) to assess anxiety and depression disorder. Interestingly, after FS induction in infantile rats, anxiogenic behaviors and depression-like phenotypes were found in both adult and juvenile FS rats. The analysis of LFPs revealed that 4–7 Hz hippocampal theta rhythm, a neural oscillatory marker for anxiety disorder, was significantly increased in FS rats compared with their wild-type littermates. Taken together, our findings suggest that FS occurrence in infants is causally related to increased levels of anxiety-related behaviors and depression-like symptoms in juvenile and adult rodents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11203228
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Engineering the Enantioselectivity of Yeast Old Yellow Enzyme OYE2y in Asymmetric Reduction of (E/Z)-Citral to (R)-Citronellal
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2019-03-18), p. 1057-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2019-03-18), p. 1057-
    Abstract: The members of the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family are capable of catalyzing the asymmetric reduction of (E/Z)-citral to (R)-citronellal—a key intermediate in the synthesis of L-menthol. The applications of OYE-mediated biotransformation are usually hampered by its insufficient enantioselectivity and low activity. Here, the (R)-enantioselectivity of Old Yellow Enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC1060 (OYE2y) was enhanced through protein engineering. The single mutations of OYE2y revealed that the sites R330 and P76 could act as the enantioselectivity switch of OYE2y. Site-saturation mutagenesis was conducted to generate all possible replacements for the sites R330 and P76, yielding 17 and five variants with improved (R)-enantioselectivity in the (E/Z)-citral reduction, respectively. Among them, the variants R330H and P76C partly reversed the neral derived enantioselectivity from 32.66% e.e. (S) to 71.92% e.e. (R) and 37.50% e.e. (R), respectively. The docking analysis of OYE2y and its variants revealed that the substitutions R330H and P76C enabled neral to bind with a flipped orientation in the active site and thus reverse the enantioselectivity. Remarkably, the double substitutions of R330H/P76M, P76G/R330H, or P76S/R330H further improved (R)-enantioselectivity to 〉 99% e.e. in the reduction of (E)-citral or (E/Z)-citral. The results demonstrated that it was feasible to alter the enantioselectivity of OYEs through engineering key residue distant from active sites, e.g., R330 in OYE2y.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061057
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Facile Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Nanoribbon-Based Nanocomposite Papers with Different Oxidation Degrees and Morphologies for Tunable Fire-Warning Response
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-08), p. 1963-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-08), p. 1963-
    Abstract: Smart fire-warning sensors based on graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials, via monitoring their temperature-responsive resistance transition, have attracted considerable interest for several years. However, an important question remains as to whether or not different oxidation degrees of the GO network can produce different impacts on fire-warning responses. In this study, we synthesized three types of GO nanoribbons (GONRs) with different oxidation degrees and morphologies, and thus prepared flame retardant polyethylene glycol (PEG)/GONR/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite papers via a facile, solvent free, and low-temperature evaporation-induced assembly approach. The results showed that the presence of the GONRs in the PEG/MMT promoted the formation of an interconnected nacre-like layered structure, and that appropriate oxidation of the GONRs provided better reinforcing efficiency and lower creep deformation. Furthermore, the different oxidation degrees of the GONRs produced a tunable flame-detection response, and an ideal fire-warning signal in pre-combustion (e.g., 3, 18, and 33 s at 300 °C for the three PEG/GONR/MMT nanocomposite papers), superior to the previous GONR-based fire-warning materials. Clearly, this work provides a novel strategy for the design and development of smart fire-warning sensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12121963
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Evolution of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Technology and Application: Progress and Perspectives
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-02-02), p. 2943-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-02-02), p. 2943-
    Abstract: As an emerging sequencing technology, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) has become a powerful tool for describing cell subpopulation classification and cell heterogeneity by achieving high-throughput and multidimensional analysis of individual cells and circumventing the shortcomings of traditional sequencing for detecting the average transcript level of cell populations. It has been applied to life science and medicine research fields such as tracking dynamic cell differentiation, revealing sensitive effector cells, and key molecular events of diseases. This review focuses on the recent technological innovations in scRNA-Seq, highlighting the latest research results with scRNA-Seq as the core technology in frontier research areas such as embryology, histology, oncology, and immunology. In addition, this review outlines the prospects for its innovative application in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research and discusses the key issues currently being addressed by scRNA-Seq and its great potential for exploring disease diagnostic targets and uncovering drug therapeutic targets in combination with multiomics technologies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032943
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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