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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Entropy Optimized Second Grade Fluid with MHD and Marangoni Convection Impacts: An Intelligent Neuro-Computing Paradigm
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-03), p. 1492-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-03), p. 1492-
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence applications based on soft computing and machine learning algorithms have recently become the focus of researchers’ attention due to their robustness, precise modeling, simulation, and efficient assessment. The presented work aims to provide an innovative application of Levenberg Marquardt Technique with Artificial Back Propagated Neural Networks (LMT-ABPNN) to examine the entropy generation in Marangoni convection Magnetohydrodynamic Second Grade Fluidic flow model (MHD-SGFM) with Joule heating and dissipation impact. The PDEs describing MHD-SGFM are reduced into ODEs by appropriate transformation. The dataset is determined through Homotopy Analysis Method by the variation of physical parameters for all scenarios of proposed LMT-ABPNN. The reference data samples for training/validation/testing processes are utilized as targets to determine the approximated solution of proposed LMT-ABPNN. The performance of LMT-ABPNN is validated by MSE based fitness, error histogram scrutiny, and regression analysis. Furthermore, the influence of pertinent parameters on temperature, concentration, velocity, entropy generation, and Bejan number is also deliberated. The study reveals that the larger β and Ma, the higher f′(η) while M has the reverse influence on f′(η). For higher values of β, M, Ma, and Ec, θ(η) boosts. The concentration ϕ(η) drops as Ma and Sc grow. An augmentation is noticed for NG for higher estimations of β,M, and Br. Larger β,M and Br decays the Bejan number.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11121492
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Everyday Life Information Seeking Patterns of Resident Female University Students in Pakistan
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2021-04-01), p. 3884-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2021-04-01), p. 3884-
    Abstract: Purpose: Everyday life information seeking (ELIS) is essential for the mastery of life and plays a central role in the daily problem-solving activities of all human beings. This study aimed to investigate the everyday life information seeking of female university students residing at hostels in Lahore, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research approach using a survey method was adopted to identify the dimensions of ELIS and to fill the paucity of research on the topic. Two-hundred and forty-eight female students living in various university and private hostels in Lahore, Pakistan, were surveyed, and the collected data was analyzed using Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Findings: Results of the study revealed that hostel living expanded the social circle of students, as it offered exposure to diverse multicultural social groups. Female students living in hostels required information related to their academic needs, safety concerns, social life, and self-help issues. They relied mainly on mobiles phones, the internet, social media, and inter-personal relationships for everyday information. Cultural differences, natural hesitation, language barriers, time concerns, and difficulty in identifying reliable information were the primary obstacles in meeting everyday life information needs. Originality/value: The findings of this study can be used as a premise for developing interventions and information services for female students that allow them to live comfortably in a safe environment in hostels and achieve their educational goals. The study results may also provide useful insights for university administrations to establish libraries in hostels to better cater to their female residents’ information needs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13073884
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biological Magnification of Microplastics: A Look at the Induced Reproductive Toxicity from Simple Invertebrates to Complex Vertebrates
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-08-05), p. 2831-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-08-05), p. 2831-
    Abstract: The issue of microplastic (MP) pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems faced today and for the future. Plastics are ubiquitous due to their exponential use and mismanagement, resulting in the accumulation of fragments across the world. Hence, the problem of MP pollution is aggravated when these plastic items disintegrate into smaller particles due to different physical, chemical, and environmental factors. The consumption of these MP pollutants by wildlife is a worldwide concern and a potentially crucial risk for all ecosystems. Consequently, MPs have caused a wide variety of problems for both public health and wildlife concerning vital life processes—specifically reproduction, which is critical to species’ survival in an ecosystem. Despite MPs’ detrimental effects on wildlife reproduction, it remains unclear how MPs can affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. This review highlights the significant reproductive toxicity of MPs in wildlife, with potentially devastating consequences for human health. The findings emphasize the urgency of developing effective solutions for mitigating the adverse effects of MP pollution on the reproductive systems of wildlife and preserving the integrity of aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15152831
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of Decarburized Graphene Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Crystals Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11-16), p. 1043-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11-16), p. 1043-
    Abstract: In this research, a facile and cost-effective method of graphene synthesis by the modified carburization process and its applications for supercapacitor electrodes is reported. In this simple approach, carbon was diffused into nickel foam and naturally cooled to obtain carbon precipitation for the in situ growth of graphene by decarburization. Phase-structure and surface-morphology analysis revealed the presence of a highly reduced structure of the graphene layer. Furthermore, the large-intensity D, substantial G, and 2D bands in Raman spectra were attributed to disordered multilayer graphene. The three-electrode systems were used to measure electrochemical efficiency. The electrode sample exhibited enhanced current density of 0.6 A/g, electrode energy of 1.0008 Wh/kg, and power density of 180 W/kg, showing significant electrochemical performance for supercapacitor electrode applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst10111043
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intent-Based End-to-End Network Service Orchestration System for Multi-Platforms
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 2782-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 2782-
    Abstract: On-demand service is the main feature of the 5G network, and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) provides it by virtualizing the existing 5G network infrastructure. NFV crafts various virtual networks on a shared physical network, but one of the core challenges in future 5G networks is to automate the modeling of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) and end-to-end Network Service (NS) orchestration with less human interaction. Traditionally, the descriptor of VNF and NS is created manually, which requires expert-level skills. This manual approach has a big threat of human error, which can be avoided by using the Intent-Based Networking (IBN) approach. The IBN approach eliminates the requirement of expertise for designing VNFs and NS by taking users’ intentions as an input. In this paper, the proposed system presents the Intent Management System for VNF modeling and end-to-end NS orchestration for multi-platforms. This system takes the high-level information related to a specific service, configures it accordingly, and converts it into the selected platform. The proposed system is tested using Mobile Central Office Re-architected as Data Center (M-CORD) and Open-Source Management and Orchestration (OSM) orchestrators. The results section shows that the proposed system reduces the effort of the end-user in creating network slices and provides seamless end-to-end service orchestration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12072782
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced Ferroelectric and Dielectric Properties of Niobium-Doped Lead-Free Piezoceramics
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 477-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 477-
    Abstract: Lead-free ceramics are promising candidates for replacing lead-based piezoelectric materials such as lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) if they can compete in dielectric and ferroelectric characteristics. In this work, for lead-free piezoelectric ceramic, 0.74(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3)-0.26(SrTiO3) (BNT-ST26) and niobium-substituted (Nb-BNT–ST26) ceramics were synthesized by solid-state reactions. The evolution of niobium substitution to the perovskite phase structure of BNT-ST26 ceramics was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectra. Electromechanical properties of Nb-BNT-ST26 ceramics initially increased with the addition of niobium up to 0.5% and decreased with a further increase in Nb content. Temperature-dependent dielectric curves showed that the depolarization temperature (Td) decreased below room temperature because of Nb substitution. The composition with 0.5% Nb yielded a maximum bipolar strain (Smax) of 0.265% and normalized strain of d33* ~ 576 pm/V under an electric field of 4.6 kV/mm at room temperature. At this critical concentration of 0.5% Nb, maximum saturation polarization of 26 μC/cm2 was achieved. The dielectric constant with temperature peaks became more diffused and the depolarization temperature decreased with the increasing Nb content. The study concludes that Nb-doped BNT-ST26 is an excellent material for high-temperature, stable, frequency-dependent, lead-free piezoelectric devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16020477
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermophysical Analysis of Water Based (Cu–Al2O3) Hybrid Nanofluid in an Asymmetric Channel with Dilating/Squeezing Walls Considering Different Shapes of Nanoparticles
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2018-09-04), p. 1549-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2018-09-04), p. 1549-
    Abstract: An innovative concept of water-based Cu–Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid has been employed to investigate the behavior of flow and heat transfer inside a rectangular channel whose permeable walls experiences dilation or contraction in height. The transformed set of ordinary differential equations is then solved by a well-known Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg algorithm. The analysis also includes three different shapes of copper nanocomposites, namely, platelet, cylinder and brick- shaped. The impact of various embedded parameters on the flow and heat transfer distributions have been demonstrated through the graphs. All the flow properties, temperature profile and rate of heat transfer at the walls are greatly influenced by the presence of copper nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was observed that the platelet shaped nanocomposites provide a better heat transfer ability as compared to the other shapes of nanoparticles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app8091549
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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