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  • MDPI AG  (6)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Temperature on the Timeliness of eDNA/eRNA: A Case Study of Fenneropenaeus chinensis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-04-03), p. 1155-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-04-03), p. 1155-
    Abstract: Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has been successfully applied to detect organisms in various aquatic ecosystems. However, eDNA has been proven to exist for a long time in environmental samples. The timeliness of eDNA detection results largely depends on the rate of molecular degradation. Environmental RNA (eRNA) is considered an excellent complementary tool because most researchers believe that RNA degrades faster than DNA in vitro, while, to the best of our knowledge, the number of published articles related to eRNA is very limited. To address an important knowledge gap, this study focused on the response mechanism of eRNA degradation to water temperature change as compared with eDNA. Changes in the concentration of eDNA and eRNA of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene from Fenneropenaeuschinensis were detected at four temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25 °C). The results showed that the degradation rate of eDNA increased with an increase in temperature. The degradation rate constants ranged from 0.011 to 0.486 h−1 and the degradation time ranged from 8 to 383 h for eDNA. The degradation rate of eRNA changed slightly with an increase in temperature. The degradation rate constants ranged from 0.190 to 0.379 h−1 and the degradation time ranged from 11 to 22 h for eRNA. eRNA showed better stability under temperature change and maintained a faster degradation rate at low temperatures. These results provide answers to the questions of whether eRNA and eDNA degradation rates are fast or slow. Furthermore, this study may suggest the potential superiority of eRNA over eDNA and promote further study of eRNA in future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14071155
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Autophagy Promotes Porcine Parvovirus Replication and Induces Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Porcine Placental Trophoblasts
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Viruses Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 15-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 15-
    Abstract: Autophagy plays important roles in the infection and pathogenesis of many viruses, yet the regulatory roles of autophagy in the process of porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection remain unclear. Herein, we show that PPV infection induces autophagy in porcine placental trophoblasts (PTCs). Induction of autophagy by rapamycin (RAPA) inhibited the occurrence of apoptotic cell death, yet promoted viral replication in PPV-infected cells; inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA or ATG5 knockdown increased cellular apoptosis and reduced PPV replication. Interestingly, we found that in the presence of caspase-inhibitor zVAD-fmk, PPV induces non-apoptotic cell death that was characterized by lysosomal damage and associated with autophagy. Induction of complete autophagy flux by RAPA markedly promoted PPV replication compared with incomplete autophagy induced by RAPA plus bafilomycin (RAPA/BAF) in the early phase of PPV infection (24 h.p.i.). Meanwhile, induction of complete autophagy with RAPA increased lysosomal damage and non-apoptotic cell death in the later phase of PPV infection. Therefore, our data suggest that autophagy can enhance PPV replication and promote the occurrence of lysosomal-damage-associated non-apoptotic cell death in PPV-infected porcine placental trophoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v12010015
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on the Impact Resistance of Bionic Layered Composite of TiC-TiB2/Al from Al-Ti-B4C System
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Materials Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2016-08-20), p. 708-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2016-08-20), p. 708-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma9080708
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances and Challenges of Corrosion and Topology Detection of Grounding Grid
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2019-06-03), p. 2290-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2019-06-03), p. 2290-
    Abstract: The grounding device plays performs the role of releasing a lightning current and a fault current in the power system, and the corrosion of the conductor will cause damage to the grounding body, which threatens the safe operation of the power system. The grounding grid corrosion detection technology and equipment guarantee the safe operation of the power system. This paper discusses the research status of grounding corrosion and topological detection in detail and introduces the basic principles, research difficulties and existing problems of the methods such as the electric network method, electromagnetic field method, electrochemical method, ultrasonic detection method and electromagnetic imaging method. The methods of electromagnetic imaging and time difference positioning proposed in recent years have been also discussed in detail. The paper points out that the application of grounding grid corrosion detection distance engineering still faces great challenges and that multi-disciplinary, multi-information fusion, new sensing technology, big data platforms and intelligent computing will be the trends to follow in research on grounding grid fault, corrosion detection and life prediction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app9112290
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluate the Biomass of Fenneropenaeus chinensis from the Southern Coast of Shandong Peninsula Using eDNA
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 342-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 342-
    Abstract: Fenneropenaeus chinensis is an important economic species in the north of China, and plays an important role in both marine fishing and aquaculture. Long-term overfishing has led to the rapid decline of wild F. chinensis resources. The traditional trawl survey could not meet the demands of the F. chinensis resource survey. In this study, environmental DNA (eDNA) technology was used to evaluate the biomass of F. chinensis in the traditional Qinghai (Qingdao Haiyang) fishing ground in the southern sea area of the Shandong Peninsula, with the purpose of verifying whether eDNA technology can provide a new resource assessment method for fisheries resource species such as F. chinensis. The eDNA quantitative results of the Qingdao water samples ranged from 1972 copies/L to 6937 copies/L, with an average of 4366 ±1691 copies/L. Those in Haiyang water samples ranged from 4795 copies/L to 8715 copies/L, with an average of 6737 ± 1348 copies/L. The concentration of eDNA in shrimp culture ponds ranged from 1.14 × 106 copies/L to 7.61 × 106 copies/L, with an average of 3.33 × 106 ± 2.28 × 106 copies/L. The amount of eDNA released by each gram of F. chinensis per 24 h was about 2.91 × 106 copies. According to this calculation, it was estimated that the distribution of F. chinensis was about one shrimp in every 300 m2 sea area. Similarly, it is estimated that one shrimp is distributed every 240 m2 in the Haiyang sea area. The result of this study confirms the feasibility of using eDNA to evaluate the biomass of shrimps.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15020342
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microstructure and Dry-Sliding Wear Behavior of B4C Ceramic Particulate Reinforced Al 5083 Matrix Composite
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Metals Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2016-09-21), p. 227-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2016-09-21), p. 227-
    Abstract: B4C ceramic particulate–reinforced Al 5083 matrix composite with various B4C content was fabricated successfully via hot-press sintering under Argon atmosphere. B4C particles presented relative high wettability, bonding strength and symmetrical distribution in the Al 5083 matrix. The hardness value, friction coefficient and wear resistance of the composite were higher than those of the Al 5083 matrix. The augment of the B4C content resulted in the increase of the friction coefficient and decrease of the wear mass loss, respectively. The 30 wt % B4C/Al 5083 composite exhibited the highest wear resistance. At a low load of 50 N, the dominant wear mechanisms of the B4C/Al 5083 composite were micro-cutting and abrasive wear. At a high load of 200 N, the dominant wear mechanisms were micro-cutting and adhesion wear associated with the formation of the delamination layer which protected the composite from further wear and enhanced the wear resistance under the condition of high load.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met6090227
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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