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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diagnostic Value of Preoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Colorectal Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Current Oncology Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2014-02-01), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Current Oncology, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2014-02-01), p. 1-7
    Abstract: Background: Since the first introduction of tumour markers, their usefulness for diagnosis has been a challenging question. The aim of the present prospective study was to investigate, in colorectal cancer patients, the relationship between preoperative tumour marker concentrations and various clinical variables. Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 131 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma and 131 age- and sex-matched control subjects with no malignancy. The relationships of the tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and carbohydrate antigen (ca) 19-9 with disease stage, tumour differentiation (grade), mucus production, liver function tests, T stage, N stage, M stage were investigated. Results: Serum concentrations of cea were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p = 0.001); they were also significantly higher in stage iii (p = 0.018) and iv disease (p = 0.001) than in stage i. Serum concentrations of cea were significantly elevated in the presence of spread to lymph nodes (p = 0.005) in the patient group. Levels of both tumour markers were significantly elevated in the presence of distant metastasis in the patient group (p = 0.005 for cea; p = 0.004 for ca 19-9). Conclusions: Preoperative levels of cea and ca 19-9 might provide an estimate of lymph node invasion and distant metastasis in colorectal cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1718-7729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3747/co.21.1711
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2270777-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electrospun Nanofibre Air Filters for Particles and Gaseous Pollutants
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-06-08), p. 6553-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-06-08), p. 6553-
    Abstract: Nanofibre filters may offer new properties not available in commercial fibre filters. These include a higher surface area and the ability to include novel materials within the fibres. In addition the small size allows potential gains in performance due to the slip-flow phenomenon in which normal gas viscosity does not apply to objects smaller than the mean free path of the gas. We tested the properties of novel electrospun fibre filters generated from polyvinyl alcohol solutions, optionally embedded with nano-grains of photocatalytic TiO2 and activated charcoal. The tested materials exhibited pressure drops in the range of 195 Pa to 2693 Pa for a face velocity of 5.3 cm/s and a removal efficiency greater than 97% for 12–480 nm particles. Basis weights for the filters ranged from 16.6 to 67.6 g/m2 and specific surface areas ranged from 1.4 to 17.4 m2/g. Reactivity towards volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was achieved by irradiating the photocatalytic filters with ultraviolet light. It is necessary to solve the problems connected to the absorbance of VOCs and further reduce the resistance to airflow in order for these filters to achieve widespread use. The incorporation of reactive air filtration into building ventilation systems will contribute to improved indoor air quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13126553
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy of LAMB against Emerging Azole- and Multidrug-Resistant Candida parapsilosis Isolates in the Galleria mellonella Model
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2020-12-18), p. 377-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2020-12-18), p. 377-
    Abstract: While being the third leading cause of candidemia worldwide, numerous studies have shown severe clonal outbreaks due to fluconazole-resistant (FLCR) Candida parapsilosis isolates associated with fluconazole therapeutic failure (FTF) with enhanced mortality. More recently, multidrug resistant (MDR) C. parapsilosis blood isolates have also been identified that are resistant to both azole and echinocandin drugs. Amphotericin B (AMB) resistance is rarely reported among C. parapsilosis isolates and proper management of bloodstream infections due to FLZR and MDR isolates requires prompt action at the time of outbreak. Therefore, using a well-established Galleria mellonella model, we assessed whether (a) laboratory-based findings on azole or echinocandin (micafungin) resistance in C. parapsilosis lead to therapeutic failure, (b) LAMB could serve as an efficient salvage treatment option, and (c) distinct mutations in ERG11 impact mortality. Our in vivo data confirm fluconazole inefficacy against FLCR C. parapsilosis isolates carrying Y132F, Y132F + K143R, Y132F + G307A, and G307A + G458S in Erg11p, while LAMB proved to be an efficacious accessible option against both FLCR and MDR C. parapsilosis isolates. Moreover, positive correlation of in vitro and in vivo data further highlights the utility of G. melonella as a reliable model to investigate azole and polyene drug efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof6040377
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Force-Based Characterization of the Wetting Properties of LDPE Surfaces Treated with CF4 and H2 Plasmas
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Polymers Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-04-29), p. 2132-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-04-29), p. 2132-
    Abstract: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films are widely used in packaging, insulation and many other commodity applications due to their excellent mechanical and chemical properties. However, the water-wetting and water-repellant properties of these films are insufficient for certain applications. In this study, bare LDPE and textured LDPE (T-LDPE) films were subjected to low-pressure plasmas, such as carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) and hydrogen (H2), to see the effect of plasma treatment on the wetting properties of LDPE films. In addition, the surface of the LDPE film was textured to improve the hydrophobicity through the lotus effect. The LDPE and T-LDPE films had contact angle (θ) values of 98.6° ± 0.6 and 143.6° ± 1.0, respectively. After CF4 plasma treatments, the θ values of the surfaces increased for both surfaces, albeit within the standard deviation for the T-LDPE film. On the other hand, the contact angle values after H2 plasma treatment decreased for both surfaces. The surface energy measurements supported the changes in the contact angle values: exposure to H2 plasma decreased the contact angle, while exposure to CF4 plasma increased the contact angle. Kinetic friction force measurements of water drops on LDPE and T-LDPE films showed a decrease in friction after the CF4 plasma treatment, consistent with the contact angle and surface energy measurements. Notably, the kinetic friction force measurements proved to be more sensitive compared to the contact angle measurements in differentiating the wetting properties of the T-LDPE versus 3× CF4-plasma-treated LDPE films. Based on Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images of the flat LDPE samples, the 3× CF4 plasma treatment did not significantly change the surface morphology or roughness. However, in the case of the T-LDPE samples, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed noticeable morphological changes, which were more significant at sharp edges of the surface structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym15092132
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel Cu/Zn Reinforced Polymer Composites: Experimental Characterization for Radiation Protection Efficiency (RPE) and Shielding Properties for Alpha, Proton, Neutron, and Gamma Radiations
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Polymers Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2021-09-17), p. 3157-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2021-09-17), p. 3157-
    Abstract: In this study, brass (Cu/Zn) reinforced polymer composites with different proportions of brass powders were fabricated. Different types of nuclear shielding parameters such as mass and linear attenuation coefficients, radiation protection efficiency, half and tenth value layers, and effective atomic number values were determined experimentally and theoretically in the energy range of 0.060–1.408 MeV in terms of gamma-ray shielding capabilities of fabricated polymer composites. A high Purity Germanium detector (HPGe) in conjunction with a Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA) and twenty-two characteristic gamma-ray energies have been used in the experimental phase. In addition, the exposure and energy absorption buildup factors of reinforced Cu/Zn composites were calculated, and relative dose distribution values were computed to verify them. Proton mass stopping power (ΨP), proton projected range (ΦP), alpha mass stopping power (ΨA), and alpha projected range (ΦA) parameters, which indicate the interactions of the produced composites with charged particle radiation, were investigated. Fast neutron removal cross-section (ΣR) results were determined to give an idea in terms of neutron shielding. According to the obtained results, it is reported that the CuZn20 coded sample’s ability to attenuate gamma-ray and charged particle radiation is more efficient than that of other prepared composites. A CuZn05 coded sample was found to be more suitable for neutron shielding capability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym13183157
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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