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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 18 ( 2020-09-15), p. 6710-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 18 ( 2020-09-15), p. 6710-
    Kurzfassung: Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a significant concern owing to the increasing accumulation of microplastics in the environment. In this paper, we summarize the presence of microplastics in food and the analytical methods used for isolation and identification of microplastics. Although a large number of studies on seafood such as fish and shellfish exist, estimating the overall human exposure to microplastics via food consumption is difficult owing to the lack of studies on other food items. Analytical methods still need to be optimized for appropriate recovery of microplastics in various food matrices, rendering a quantitative comparison of different studies challenging. In addition, microplastics could be added or removed from ingredients during processing or cooking. Thus, research on processed food is crucial to estimate the contribution of food to overall human microplastic consumption and to mitigate this exposure in the future.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186710
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2175195-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Experimental Research to Determine the Effect of Ultrasound in Drying Bo Chinh Ginseng by Ultrasound-Assisted Heat Pump Drying Method
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-13), p. 11525-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-13), p. 11525-
    Kurzfassung: This study focused on the experimental drying of Bo Chinh ginseng by the ultrasound-assisted heat pump drying method, in which the effects of drying air temperature (T), ultrasonic power (P), intermittency ratio of ultrasound generator (A) on the moisture effective diffusion coefficient (Deff), saponin content (Sp) and color change (dE) during the drying process were determined. The results showed that the drying time was reduced from 12.5 h at 35 °C to 8.9 h at 40 °C and greatly reduced to 5.8 h at 55 °C. The moisture diffusion coefficient Deff and color change index increased with the increase in drying temperature. Meanwhile, from 35 °C to 45 °C, the saponin content after drying tended to increase gradually, but when the temperature continued to rise from 45 °C to 55 °C, the saponin content decreased. The effect of ultrasonic power in the drying process was in particular as follows. The drying time of 8.8 h at 40 W ultrasonic power reduced to 7.8 h at 80 W ultrasonic power, and reduced to 7 h at 160 W ultrasonic power. The remaining saponin content after drying tended to increase gradually at the power level of 40–120 W (from 89.2% to 95.2%) and decrease when the power increased from 120 to 160 W (from 95.2% to 90.5%). The moisture diffusion coefficient Deff also increased with the increase in ultrasonic power. Meanwhile, the color change of dried products decreased as the ultrasonic power increased in the range of 40–120 W but increased with the ultrasonic power range from 120 to 160 W. Additionally, the experimental method and Box–Behnken design were used for optimizing the drying process with the optimal drying conditions such as drying air temperature of 45.2 °C, ultrasonic power of 127.7 W and intermittency ratio of ultrasound generator of 0.18.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122211525
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2704225-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hierarchical Pooling in Graph Neural Networks to Enhance Classification Performance in Large Datasets
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 18 ( 2021-09-10), p. 6070-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 18 ( 2021-09-10), p. 6070-
    Kurzfassung: Deep learning methods predicated on convolutional neural networks and graph neural networks have enabled significant improvement in node classification and prediction when applied to graph representation with learning node embedding to effectively represent the hierarchical properties of graphs. An interesting approach (DiffPool) utilises a differentiable graph pooling technique which learns ‘differentiable soft cluster assignment’ for nodes at each layer of a deep graph neural network with nodes mapped on sets of clusters. However, effective control of the learning process is difficult given the inherent complexity in an ‘end-to-end’ model with the potential for a large number parameters (including the potential for redundant parameters). In this paper, we propose an approach termed FPool, which is a development of the basic method adopted in DiffPool (where pooling is applied directly to node representations). Techniques designed to enhance data classification have been created and evaluated using a number of popular and publicly available sensor datasets. Experimental results for FPool demonstrate improved classification and prediction performance when compared to alternative methods considered. Moreover, FPool shows a significant reduction in the training time over the basic DiffPool framework.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21186070
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2052857-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Highly Porous Hydroxyapatite/Graphene Oxide/Chitosan Beads as an Efficient Adsorbent for Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions Removal
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 20 ( 2021-10-11), p. 6127-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 20 ( 2021-10-11), p. 6127-
    Kurzfassung: Dye and heavy metal contaminants are mainly aquatic pollutants. Although many materials and methods have been developed to remove these pollutants from water, effective and cheap materials and methods are still challenging. In this study, highly porous hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide/chitosan beads (HGC) were prepared by a facile one-step method and investigated as efficient adsorbents. The prepared beads showed a high porosity and low bulk density. SEM images indicated that the hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were well dispersed on the CTS matrix. FT-IR spectra confirmed good incorporation of the three components. The adsorption behavior of the obtained beads to methylene blue (MB) and copper ions was investigated, including the effect of the contact time, pH medium, dye/metal ion initial concentration, and recycle ability. The HGC beads showed rapid adsorption, high capacity, and easy separation and reused due to the porous characteristics of GO sheets and HA nanoparticles as well as the rich negative charges of the chitosan (CTS) matrix. The maximum sorption capacities of the HGC beads were 99.00 and 256.41 mg g−1 for MB and copper ions removal, respectively.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206127
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2008644-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Coverage of Health Information by Different Sources in Communities: Implication for COVID-19 Epidemic Response
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2020-05-20), p. 3577-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2020-05-20), p. 3577-
    Kurzfassung: Health personnel and community workers are at the front line of the COVID-19 emergency response and need to be equipped with adequate knowledge related to epidemics for an effective response. This study aimed to identify the coverage of COVID-19 health information via different sources accessed by health workers and community workers in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was carried out from January to February 2020 in Vietnam. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used for recruiting participants. We utilized the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire. A higher percentage of participants knew about “Clinical and pathogen characteristics of COVID-19”, compared to “Regulations and policies related to COVID-19”. The percentage of participants accessing the information on “Guidelines and policies on prevention and control of COVID-19” was the lowest, especially among medical students. “Mass media and peer-educators” channels had a higher score of accessing COVID-19 information, compared to “Organizations/ agencies/ associations” sources. Participants consumed most of their COVID-19 information via “Internet, online newspapers, social networks”. Our findings indicate an urgency to re-design training programs and communication activities for a more effective dissemination of information related to the COVID-19 epidemic or epidemics in general.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103577
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2175195-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Synthesis and Selective Cytotoxic Activities on Rhabdomyosarcoma and Noncancerous Cells of Some Heterocyclic Chalcones
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Molecules Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2016-03-09), p. 329-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2016-03-09), p. 329-
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030329
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 2008644-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Design of a High-Efficiency Multilayer Dielectric Diffraction Grating with Enhanced Laser Damage Threshold
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-07), p. 1952-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-07), p. 1952-
    Kurzfassung: Diffraction gratings are becoming increasingly widespread in optical applications, notably in lasers. This study presents the work on the characterization and evaluation of Multilayer Dielectric Diffraction Gratings (MDG) based on the finite element method using Comsol MultiPhysics software. The optimal multilayer dielectric diffraction grating structure using a rectangular three-layer structure consisting of an aluminum oxide Al2O3 layer sandwiched between two silicon dioxide SiO2 layers on a multilayer dielectric mirror is simulated. Results show that this MDG for non-polarized lasers at 1064 nm with a significantly enhanced −1st diffraction efficiency of 97.4%, reaching 98.3% for transverse-electric (TE) polarization and 96.3% for transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization. This design is also preferable in terms of the laser damage threshold (LDT) because most of the maximum electric field is spread across the high LDT material SiO2 for TE polarization and scattered outside the grating for TM polarization. This function allows the system to perform better and be more stable than normal diffraction grating under a high-intensity laser.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12121952
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2662255-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Improved Depth-of-Field Photoacoustic Microscopy with a Multifocal Point Transducer for Biomedical Imaging
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 7 ( 2020-04-03), p. 2020-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 7 ( 2020-04-03), p. 2020-
    Kurzfassung: In this study, a photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) system based on a multifocal point (MFP) transducer was fabricated to produce a large depth-of-field tissue image. The customized MFP transducer has seven focal points, distributed along with the transducer’s axis, fabricated by separate spherically-focused surfaces. These surfaces generate distinct focal zones that are overlapped to extend the depth-of-field. This design allows extending the focal zone of 10 mm for the 11 MHz MFP transducer, which is a great improvement over the 0.48 mm focal zone of the 11 MHz single focal point (SFP) transducer. The PAM image penetration depths of a chicken-hemoglobin phantom using SFP and MFP transducers were measured as 5 mm and 8 mm, respectively. The significant increase in the PAM image-based penetration depth of the chicken-hemoglobin phantom was a result of using the customized MFP transducer.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20072020
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2052857-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Application Prospects of MXenes Materials Modifications for Sensors
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-01-18), p. 247-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-01-18), p. 247-
    Kurzfassung: The first two-dimensional (2D) substance sparked a boom in research since this type of material showed potential promise for applications in field sensors. A class of 2D transition metal nitrides, carbides, and carbonitrides are referred to as MXenes. Following the 2011 synthesis of Ti3C2 from Ti3AlC2, much research has been published. Since these materials have several advantages over conventional 2D materials, they have been extensively researched, synthesized, and studied by many research organizations. To give readers a general understanding of these well-liked materials, this review examines the structures of MXenes, discusses various synthesis procedures, and analyzes physicochemistry properties, particularly optical, electronic, structural, and mechanical properties. The focus of this review is the analysis of modern advancements in the development of MXene-based sensors, including electrochemical sensors, gas sensors, biosensors, optical sensors, and wearable sensors. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further study on the creation of MXenes-based sensors are discussed.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi14020247
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2620864-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Penicillium digitatum as a Model Fungus for Detecting Antifungal Activity of Botanicals: An Evaluation on Vietnamese Medicinal Plant Extracts
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2022-09-13), p. 956-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2022-09-13), p. 956-
    Kurzfassung: Medicinal plants play important roles in traditional medicine, and numerous compounds among them have been recognized for their antimicrobial activity. However, little is known about the potential of Vietnamese medicinal plants for antifungal activity. In this study, we examined the antagonistic activity of twelve medicinal plant species collected in Northern Vietnam against Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Candida albicans. The results showed that the antifungal activities of the crude extracts from Mahonia bealei, Ficus semicordata, and Gnetum montanum were clearly detected with the citrus postharvest pathogen P. digitatum. These extracts could fully inhibit the growth of P. digitatum on the agar medium, and on the infected citrus fruits at concentrations of 300–1000 µg/mL. Meanwhile, the other tested fungi were less sensitive to the antagonistic activity of the plant extracts. In particular, we found that the ethanolic extract of M. bealei displayed a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against all four pathogenic fungi. Analysis of this crude extract by enrichment coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that berberine and palmatine are major metabolites. Additional inspections indicated berberine as the key compound responsible for the antifungal activity of the M. bealei ethanolic extract. Our study provides a better understanding of the potential of Vietnamese medicinal plant resources for combating fungal pathogens. This work also highlights that the citrus pathogen P. digitatum can be employed as a model fungus for screening the antifungal activity of botanicals.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof8090956
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2784229-0
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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