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  • MDPI AG  (6.329)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    β-Delayed γ Emissions of 26P and Its Mirror Asymmetry
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-11-30), p. 2278-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-11-30), p. 2278-
    Kurzfassung: The study of the origin of asymmetries in mirror β decay is extremely important to understand the fundamental nuclear force and the nuclear structure. The experiment was performed at the National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) to measure the β-delayed γ rays of 26P by silicon array and Clover-type high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Combining with results from the β decay of 26P and its mirror nucleus 26Na, the mirror asymmetry parameter δ ( ≡ft+/ft−− 1) was determined to be 46(13)% for the transition feeding the first excited state in the daughter nucleus. Our independent results support the conclusion that the large mirror asymmetry is close to the proton halo structure in 26P.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym13122278
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2518382-5
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    GDF3 Protects Mice against Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Mortality by Suppression of Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cells Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-01-03), p. 120-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-01-03), p. 120-
    Kurzfassung: Macrophages are critical for regulation of inflammatory response during endotoxemia and septic shock. However, the mediators underlying their regulatory function remain obscure. Growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3), a member of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, has been implicated in inflammatory response. Nonetheless, the role of GDF3 in macrophage-regulated endotoxemia/sepsis is unknown. Here, we show that serum GDF3 levels in septic patients are elevated and strongly correlate with severity of sepsis and 28-day mortality. Interestingly, macrophages treated with recombinant GDF3 protein (rGDF3) exhibit greatly reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, comparing to controls upon endotoxin challenge. Moreover, acute administration of rGDF3 to endotoxin-treated mice suppresses macrophage infiltration to the heart, attenuates systemic and cardiac inflammation with less pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) and more anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2), as well as prolongs mouse survival. Mechanistically, GDF3 is able to activate Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation, and consequently inhibits the expression of nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) in macrophages. Accordingly, blockade of Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation with SB431542 significantly offsets rGDF3-mediated anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, this study uncovers that GDF3, as a novel sepsis-associated factor, may have a dual role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Acute administration of rGDF3 into endotoxic shock mice could increase survival outcome and improve cardiac function through anti-inflammatory response by suppression of M1 macrophage phenotype. However, constitutive high levels of GDF3 in human sepsis patients are associated with lethality, suggesting that GDF3 may promote macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype which could lead to immunosuppression.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells9010120
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2661518-6
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Core-Shell Structure and Dielectric Properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3@ Fe2O3 Ceramics Prepared by Co-Precipitation Method
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Crystals Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-31), p. 623-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-31), p. 623-
    Kurzfassung: Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) ceramic materials have been widely used in the field of multilayer ceramic capacitors. Surface modification through the surface coating to form a heterogeneous layer could effectively improve the dielectric properties. In this work, BST powders were prepared by a co-precipitation method. The effects of reaction conditions on the microstructure of the BST powder were investigated. The reaction temperatures significantly affected the morphology of BST powder, and the rhombic-type particles were obtained with the reaction temperature around 80 °C. Meanwhile, the BST@Fe2O3 was prepared by the chemical precipitation method using BST powders with rhombic-type microstructure as “core”, and the so-called “core-shell” microstructure was confirmed in the BST@Fe2O3 powder. Then, BST@x wt%Fe2O3 (x = 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10, denoting the different content of Fe2O3) ceramics were further prepared, and the influence of “core-shell” structure on the phase structure, microstructure, and dielectric properties was investigated. With the increasing of Fe2O3 content, the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition temperature shifts toward lower temperatures, and dielectric peaks gradually become broad and frequency-dependent, which may be due to inconsistent chemical composition from core to shell.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst11060623
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2661516-2
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effect of Vacancy Behavior on Precipitate Formation in a Reduced-Activation V−Cr−Mn Medium-Entropy Alloy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-12-23), p. 153-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-12-23), p. 153-
    Kurzfassung: In this work, we studied the evolution of vacancy-like defects and the formation of brittle precipitates in a reduced-activation V−Cr−Mn medium-entropy alloy. The evolution of local electronic circumstances around Cr and Mn enrichments, the vacancy defects, and the CrMn3 precipitates were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and positron annihilation spectroscopy. The microstructure measurements showed that the Mn and Cr enrichments in the as-cast sample significantly evolved with temperature, i.e., from 400 °C, the Cr/Mn-segregated regions gradually dissolved into the matrix and then disappeared, and from 900 °C to 1000 °C, they existed as CrMn3 precipitates. The crystallite size of the phase corresponding to CrMn3 precipitates was about 29.4 nm at 900 °C and 43.7 nm at 1000 °C. The positron annihilation lifetime results demonstrated that the vacancies mediated the migration of Cr and Mn, and Cr and Mn segregation finally led to the formation of CrMn3 precipitates. The coincidence Doppler broadening results showed that the characteristic peak moved to the low-momentum direction, due to an increase in the size of the vacancy defects at the interface and the formation of CrMn3 precipitates.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16010153
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Neuroendocrine–Immune Regulatory Network of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2022-06-08), p. 3697-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2022-06-08), p. 3697-
    Kurzfassung: Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides) is a popular medicinal herb and health supplement in China, Japan, and Korea, and has a variety of pharmaceutical properties. The neuroendocrine–immune (NEI) network is crucial in maintaining homeostasis and physical or psychological functions at a holistic level, consistent with the regulatory theory of natural medicine. This review aims to systematically summarize the chemical compositions, biological roles, and pharmacological properties of E. ulmoides to build a bridge between it and NEI-associated diseases and to provide a perspective for the development of its new clinical applications. After a review of the literature, we found that E. ulmoides has effects on NEI-related diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, insomnia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. However, clinical studies on E. ulmoides were scarce. In addition, E. ulmoides derivatives are diverse in China, and they are mainly used to enhance immunity, improve hepatic damage, strengthen bones, and lower blood pressure. Through network pharmacological analysis, we uncovered the possibility that E. ulmoides is involved in functional interactions with cancer development, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and various inflammatory pathways associated with NEI diseases. Overall, this review suggests that E. ulmoides has a wide range of applications for NEI-related diseases and provides a direction for its future research and development.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123697
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Hydraulic Driving Mechanisms of Cyanobacteria Accumulation and the Effects of Flow Pattern on Ecological Restoration in Lake Dianchi Caohai
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2019-01-28), p. 361-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2019-01-28), p. 361-
    Kurzfassung: Due to rapid increases in socioeconomic development and the human population over the past few decades, the shallow lakes in China have suffered from eutrophication and poor water quality. The conditions in Lake Dianchi Caohai, which is in the northern part of Lake Dianchi, are considered the most serious. The ecological restoration of Lake Dianchi Caohai began in the late 1980s. Lake managers and the public have been puzzled by the lack of a significant response of the water quality to the flow pattern despite the tremendous investment in water quality improvements. Therefore, lake managers desperately need to understand the responses of pollutant behaviors to proposed management measures. In this paper, a depth-averaged two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model based on hydrological data, measured lake bed elevation, and water quality data is developed to simulate the flow field and water quality of Lake Dianchi Caohai. This model was validated using water quality data from the Caohaizhongxin site in 2016, and a close agreement was found between the model results and observations. Wind-driven circulation in Lake Dianchi Caohai was observed in the model results, which revealed that the lake flow pattern was dominated by wind-driven circulation, while the inflow/outflow played only a subsidiary role during this period. The formation of the wind-driven current in Lake Dianchi Caohai could be roughly divided into three stages. The hydrodynamic processes connected with the distribution of chlorophyll a are evaluated and discussed to adequately understand the hydraulic mechanisms driving the accumulation of cyanobacteria. Moreover, we designed three scenarios after comparing all possible operation scenarios to analyze the contributions of each different operation scenario to the water quality improvements. The optimal ecological operation scenario which has the best impacts on the water quality, especially the reduction in Chla and NH3-N concentration, is proposed based on our comprehensive analysis. The water quality improvement and management suggestions proposed in this paper are based on lake flow patterns and make up for previous studies that did not consider the effects of hydraulic characteristics on water quality improvement in Lake Dianchi Caohai.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030361
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Nanocrystal Encapsulation, Release and Application Based on pH-Sensitive Covalent Dynamic Hyperbranched Polymers
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Polymers Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-11-22), p. 1926-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-11-22), p. 1926-
    Kurzfassung: A new strategy for nanocrystal encapsulation, release and application based on pH-sensitive covalent dynamic hyperbranched polymers is described. The covalent dynamic hyperbranched polymers, with multi-arm hydrophobic chains and a hydrophilic hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) (HPAMAM) core connected with pH-sensitive imine bonds (HPAMAM–DA), could encapsulate CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and Au nanoparticles (NPs). Benefiting from its pH response property, CdTe QDs and Au NPs encapsulated by HPAMAM–DA could be released to aqueous phase after imine hydrolysis. The released CdTe/HPAMAM and Au/HPAMAM nanocomposites exhibited excellent biological imaging behavior and high catalytic activities on p-nitrophenol hydrogenation, respectively.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym11121926
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2527146-5
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Single-Atom Iron Catalyst Based on Functionalized Mesophase Pitch Exhibiting Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 1608-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 1608-
    Kurzfassung: Designing highly efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts is of great importance in the fields of energy conversion and storage. We report on the facile synthesis of a single atom (SA) iron catalyst via the pyrolysis of a functionalized mesophase pitch. Monomers of naphthalene and indole underwent polymerization in the presence of iron chloride, which afterwards served as the pore-forming agent and iron source for the resulting catalyst. The SA-Fe@NC catalyst has a well-defined atomic dispersion of iron atoms coordinated by N-ligands in the porous carbon matrix, exhibiting excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity (E1/2 = 0.89 V) that outperforms the commercial Pt/C catalyst (E1/2 = 0.84 V). Moreover, it shows better long-term stability than the Pt/C catalyst in alkaline media. This facile strategy could be employed in versatile fossil feedstock and develop promising non-platinum group metal ORR catalysts for fuel cell technologies.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal12121608
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2662126-5
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A Critical Review of the Use of Virtual Reality in Construction Engineering Education and Training
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2018-06-08), p. 1204-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2018-06-08), p. 1204-
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061204
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Recent Mechanistic Understanding of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Fe-Carbide
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-06-29), p. 1052-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-06-29), p. 1052-
    Kurzfassung: With an increase in energy consumption globally, Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a good alternative for producing fuels and chemicals from coal, natural gas or biomass. Among them, coal to liquids has been put into production in countries that have large coal reserves. In this process, Fe-based catalysts are commonly used due to their earth abundance, comparatively wide operation range and ready availability to handle low H2/CO ratio from coal. Despite their extensive applications, the kinetic and mechanistic understandings of Fe carburization and FT reaction on Fe-carbides are relatively limited due to the complexity of the phase composition of the applied catalysts. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of FT synthesis on Fe-carbide with an emphasis on the underlying mechanism. Specifically, the employment of a model catalyst, such as Raney Fe, could provide a convenient way to furnish kinetic information regarding Fe carburization and subsequent FT reaction. A major challenge for further understanding catalytic reactions occurring at the Fe-carbide surface is correlating FT activity and selectivity to a specific active site. To address this issue, the advancements of both DFT calculations and surface science techniques are highly demanded.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal13071052
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2662126-5
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