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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development and Validation of the Mood Instability Questionnaire-Trait (MIQ-T)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Medicina Vol. 57, No. 8 ( 2021-08-18), p. 838-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 57, No. 8 ( 2021-08-18), p. 838-
    Abstract: Background and objectives: Mood instability (MI) is a stable trait associated with psychiatric disorders, yet there is a lack of tools to measure MI. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Mood Instability Questionnaire-Trait (MIQ-T) to evaluate MI in mood disorder patients. Material and methods: Items were taken from various established questionnaires to create an initial list of MIQ-T questions. Data from 309 psychiatric patients (n = 309; 62 major depressive disorder, 58 bipolar I disorder, and 189 bipolar II disorder) were gathered from their medical records and were utilized in an exploratory factor analysis to clarify the underlying components of MI. Then, anonymous survey data from 288 individuals from the general population were included in the analysis as a comparison group. Associations between MIQ-T and other previously validated clinical instruments for mood disorders were examined to test external validity. Results: The exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the five-factor structure (Lability, Upward Tendency, Downward Tendency, Childhood Instability, and Seasonality) of 59 items was the most appropriate with clear, cohesive features. MIQ-T exhibited high internal consistency (α = 0.96) and moderate to strong correlations with other previously validated clinical instruments, which were consistent with theoretical predictions, providing evidence of criterion validity. Short forms were also created to address the high internal consistency value, which can indicate redundancy, and to increase the approachability of the measure. We found that the patients with bipolar II disorder had higher MIQ-T scores than the patients with bipolar I disorder or major depressive disorder and the comparison group. Conclusion: Together, these findings validate the newly developed MIQ-T as an instrument of mood instability. MIQ-T can be a potential research tool for mood disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080838
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Development of Raman Lidar for Remote Sensing of CO2 Leakage at an Artificial Carbon Capture and Storage Site
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-09), p. 1439-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-09), p. 1439-
    Abstract: We developed a Raman lidar system that can remotely detect CO2 leakage and its volume mixing ratio (VMR). The system consists of a laser, a telescope, an optical receiver, and detectors. Indoor CO2 cell measurements show that the accuracy of the Raman lidar is 99.89%. Field measurements were carried out over a four-day period in November 2017 at the Eumsong Environmental Impact Evaluation Test Facility (EIT), Korea, where a CO2 leak was located 0.2 km from the Raman lidar. The results show good agreement between CO2 VMR measured by the Raman lidar system (CO2 VMRRaman LIDAR) and that measured by in situ instruments (CO2 VMRIn-situ). The correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and percentage difference between CO2 VMRIn-situ and CO2 VMRRaman LIDAR are 0.81, 0.27%, 0.37%, and 4.92%, respectively. The results indicate that Raman lidar is an effective tool in detecting CO2 leakage and in measuring CO2 VMR remotely.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs10091439
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 3
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    Osteoprotective Effects of Loganic Acid on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells and Osteoporosis-Induced Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2020-12-28), p. 233-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2020-12-28), p. 233-
    Abstract: Osteoporosis is a common disease caused by an imbalance of processes between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts in postmenopausal women. The roots of Gentiana lutea L. (GL) are reported to have beneficial effects on various human diseases related to liver functions and gastrointestinal motility, as well as on arthritis. Here, we fractionated and isolated bioactive constituent(s) responsible for anti-osteoporotic effects of GL root extract. A single phytochemical compound, loganic acid, was identified as a candidate osteoprotective agent. Its anti-osteoporotic effects were examined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with loganic acid significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and increasing mRNA expression levels of bone metabolic markers such as Alpl, Bglap, and Sp7. However, loganic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation of primary-cultured monocytes derived from mouse bone marrow. For in vivo experiments, the effect of loganic acid on ovariectomized (OVX) mice was examined for 12 weeks. Loganic acid prevented OVX-induced bone mineral density loss and improved bone structural properties in osteoporotic model mice. These results suggest that loganic acid may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010233
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Ameliorative Effects of Loganin on Arthritis in Chondrocytes and Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus-Induced Animal Model
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-02-08), p. 135-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-02-08), p. 135-
    Abstract: Arthritis is a common inflammatory disease that causes pain, stiffness, and joint swelling. Here, we investigated the ameliorative effects of loganin on arthritis in vitro and in vivo. A single bioactive compound was fractionated and isolated from Cornus officinalis (CO) extract to screen for anti-arthritic effects. A single component, loganin, was identified as a candidate. The CO extract and loganin inhibited the expression of factors associated with cartilage degradation, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), in interukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-induced chondrocyte inflammation. In addition, prostaglandin and collagenase levels were reduced following treatment of IL-1β-induced chondrocytes with loganin. In the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced mouse model, loganin administration attenuated cartilage degeneration by inhibiting COX-2, MMP-3, and MMP-13. Transverse micro-CT images revealed that loganin reduced DMM-induced osteophyte formation. These results indicate that loganin has protective effects in DMM-induced mice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph14020135
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
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    Clinical Significance of Glycolytic Metabolic Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 186-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 186-
    Abstract: High metabolic activity is a hallmark of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular features of HCC with high metabolic activity contributing to clinical outcomes and the therapeutic implications of these characteristics are poorly understood. We aimed to define the features of HCC with high metabolic activity and uncover its association with response to current therapies. By integrating gene expression data from mouse liver tissues and tumor tissues from HCC patients (n = 1038), we uncovered three metabolically distinct HCC subtypes that differ in clinical outcomes and underlying molecular biology. The high metabolic subtype is characterized by poor survival, the strongest stem cell signature, high genomic instability, activation of EPCAM and SALL4, and low potential for benefitting from immunotherapy. Interestingly, immune cell analysis showed that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are highly enriched in high metabolic HCC tumors, suggesting that high metabolic activity of cancer cells may trigger activation or infiltration of Tregs, leading to cancer cells’ evasion of anti-cancer immune cells. In summary, we identified clinically and metabolically distinct subtypes of HCC, potential biomarkers associated with these subtypes, and a potential mechanism of metabolism-mediated immune evasion by HCC cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010186
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
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    Inhibitory Effects of Loganin on Adipogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 4752-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 4752-
    Abstract: Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of mature adipocytes that store surplus energy in the form of lipids. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of loganin on adipogenesis in mouse preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells and primary cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro and in mice with ovariectomy (OVX)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in vivo. For an in vitro study, loganin was co-incubated during adipogenesis in both 3T3-L1 cells and ADSCs, lipid droplets were evaluated by oil red O staining, and adipogenesis-related factors were assessed by qRT-PCR. For in vivo studies, mouse models of OVX- and HFD-induced obesity were orally administered with loganin, body weight was measured, and hepatic steatosis and development of excessive fat were evaluated by histological analysis. Loganin treatment reduced adipocyte differentiation by accumulating lipid droplets through the downregulation of adipogenesis-related factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (Cebpa), perilipin 2 (Plin2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription protein 1 (Srebp1). Loganin administration prevented weight gain in mouse models of obesity induced by OVX and HFD. Further, loganin inhibited metabolic abnormalities, such as hepatic steatosis and adipocyte enlargement, and increased the serum levels of leptin and insulin in both OVX- and HFD-induced obesity models. These results suggest that loganin is a potential candidate for preventing and treating obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054752
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 7
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    Korean Validation of the Short Version of the TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire) in Patients with Mood Disorders
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Medicina Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2023-01-06), p. 115-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2023-01-06), p. 115-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) is designed to assess affective temperaments. The short version of the TEMPS-A (TEMPS-A-SV) has been translated into various languages for use in research and clinical settings. However, no research has been conducted to validate the Korean version of the TEMPS-A-SV in patients with mood disorders. The goal of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the TEMPS-A-SV in Korean mood disorder patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 715 patients (267 patients with major depressive disorder, 94 patients with bipolar disorder I, and 354 patients with bipolar disorder II) completed the Korean TEMPS-A-SV. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were used to assess the reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was also performed. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to examine associations between the five temperaments. The difference in five temperament scores between the gender or diagnosis groups was analyzed, and the correlation between five temperament scores and age was tested. Results: The Korean TEMPS-A-SV displayed good internal consistency (α = 0.65–0.88, ω = 0.66–0.9) and significant correlations between the subscales except one (the correlation between hyperthymic and anxious). Using EFA, a two-factor structure was produced: Factor I (cyclothymic, depressive, irritable, and anxious) and Factor II (hyperthymic). The cyclothymic temperament score differed by gender and the anxious temperament score was significantly correlated with age. All the temperaments, except for irritable temperament, showed significant differences between diagnosis groups. Conclusions: Overall, the results show that the TEMPS-A-SV is a reliable and valid measurement that can be used for estimating Koreans’ affective temperaments. However, more research is required on affective temperaments and associated characteristics in people with mood disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010115
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 8
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    Craniofacial Phenotype in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Its Impact on Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Adherence
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-27), p. 1196-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-27), p. 1196-
    Abstract: Positive airway pressure (PAP) is an important treatment tool for patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and adherence to PAP significantly affects treatment outcomes. Disease severity, adverse effects, and psychosocial factors are known to predict medication adherence. Cephalometric parameters have been reported to positively correlate with upper airway collapse. However, research on the correlation between these cephalometric parameters and PAP adherence remains insufficient. This study aimed to identify this relationship. This study included 185 patients with OSA who were prescribed PAP. Polysomnography (PSG) was performed to diagnose OSA, and paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) was performed to check for comorbidities of the upper airway. In addition, cephalometric parameters such as the hyoid–posterior nasal spine (H-PNS), posterior nasal spine–mandibular plane (PNS-MP), and hyoid–mandibular plane (H-MP) were measured in the midsagittal and axial CT views. Adherence was evaluated 3–12 months after the PAP prescription. A total of 136 patients were PAP-adherent, and 49 were nonadherent. There were more males in the adherent group and a higher average height in the adherent group. The PSG results showed that the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), arousal index (AI), rapid eye movement (REM) AHI, and supine AHI were significantly higher, and the lowest oxygen saturation was lower in the adherent group. In the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model adjusted for sex and height, among the cephalometric parameters, H-MP was significantly longer in the adherent group (p = 0.027), and H-PNS showed a longer tendency (p = 0.074). In the logistic regression analysis model, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of adherence and severe OSA in the third tertile compared to the first tertile of H-MP were 2.93 (1.25–6.86) and 4.00 (1.87–8.56). In the case of H-PNS, they were 2.58 (1.14–5.81) and 4.86 (2.24–10.54), respectively. This study concluded that an inferiorly placed hyoid bone in adult patients is associated with PAP adherence and disease severity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081196
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 9
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    CO2 Reforming of CH4 Using Coke Oven Gas over Ni/MgO-Al2O3 Catalysts: Effect of the MgO:Al2O3 Ratio
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-30), p. 1468-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-30), p. 1468-
    Abstract: Research is being actively conducted to improve the carbon deposition and sintering resistance of Ni-based catalysts. Among them, the Al2O3-supported Ni catalyst has been broadly studied for the dry reforming reaction due to its high CH4 activity at the beginning of the reaction. However, there is a problem of deactivation due to carbon deposition of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst and sintering of Ni, which is a catalytically active material. Supplementing MgO in Ni/Al2O3 catalyst can result in an improved MgAl2O4 spinel structure and basicity, which can be helpful for the activation of methane and carbon dioxide molecules. In order to confirm the optimal supports’ ratio in Ni/MgO-Al2O3 catalysts, the catalysts were prepared by supporting Ni after controlling the MgO:Al2O3 ratio stepwise, and the prepared catalysts were used for CO2 reforming of CH4 (CDR) using coke oven gas (COG). The catalytic reaction was conducted at 800 °C and at a high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV = 1,500,000 h−1) to screen the catalytic performance. The Ni/MgO-Al2O3 (MgO:Al2O3 = 3:7) catalyst showed the best catalytic performance between prepared catalysts. From this study, the ratio of MgO:Al2O3 was confirmed to affect not only the basicity of the catalyst but also the dispersion of the catalyst and the reducing property of the catalyst surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal11121468
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 10
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    Holotoxin A1 Induces Apoptosis by Activating Acid Sphingomyelinase and Neutral Sphingomyelinase in K562 and Human Primary Leukemia Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2018-04-10), p. 123-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2018-04-10), p. 123-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md16040123
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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