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  • MDPI AG  (1,070)
  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Selective Nonenzymatic Amperometric Detection of Lactic Acid in Human Sweat Utilizing a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT)-Polypyrrole Core-Shell Nanowire
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-08-28), p. 111-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-08-28), p. 111-
    Abstract: Lactic acid plays an important role as a biochemical indicator for sports medicine and clinical diagnosis. The detection of lactic acid in sweat is a promising technique without any intrusive inconvenience or risk of infection. In this study, we present a selective nonenzymatic amperometric detection method for lactic acid in human sweat utilizing a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-polypyrrole core-shell nanowire. Because polypyrrole is a p-type conducting polymer, onto which anions are exclusively doped, leading to charge transfer, it offers selective detection for lactate anions at a specific potential, while being inert to the neutral and cationic species contained in human sweat. A chronoamperometric study reveals good sensing performance for lactic acid with a high sensitivity of 2.9 μA mM−1 cm−2 and detection limit of 51 μM. Furthermore, the MWCNT-polypyrrole nanowire exhibits excellent selectivity for lactic acid over interfering species, such as sodium chloride, glucose, urea, and riboflavin, which coexist with lactic acid in sweat. Finally, a nonenzymatic amperometric sensor for the selective detection of lactic acid in human sweat is demonstrated on commercial flexible electrodes. The results demonstrate the potential applications of the MWCNT-polypyrrole core-shell nanowire as a nonenzymatic amperometric lactate sensor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios10090111
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 2
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    A Plant-Produced Porcine Parvovirus 1-82 VP2 Subunit Vaccine Protects Pregnant Sows against Challenge with a Genetically Heterologous PPV1 Strain
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 54-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 54-
    Abstract: Porcine parvovirus (PPV) causes reproductive failure in sows, and vaccination remains the most effective means of preventing infection. The NADL-2 strain has been used as a vaccine for ~50 years; however, it does not protect animals against genetically heterologous PPV strains. Thus, new effective and safe vaccines are needed. In this study, we aimed to identify novel PPV1 strains, and to develop PPV1 subunit vaccines. We isolated and sequenced PPV1 VP2 genes from 926 pigs and identified ten PPV1 strains (belonging to Groups C, D and E). We selected the Group D PPV1-82 strain as a vaccine candidate because it was close to the highly pathogenic 27a strain. The PPV1-82 VP2 protein was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. It formed virus-like particles and exhibited a 211 agglutination value. The PPV1-190313 strain (Group E), isolated from an aborted fetus, was used as the challenging strain because it was pathogenic. The unvaccinated sow miscarried at 8 days postchallenge, and mummified fetuses were all PPV1-positive. By contrast, pregnant sows vaccinated with PPV1-82 VP2 had 9–11 Log2 antibody titers and produced normal fetuses after PPV1-190313 challenge. These results suggest the PPV1-82 VP2 subunit vaccine protects pregnant sows against a genetically heterologous PPV1 strain by inducing neutralizing antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010054
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 3
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    The Antifungal Effect of Weissella confusa WIKIM51 (Wilac D001) on Vaginal Epithelial Cells Infected by Candida albicans
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2024-03-22), p. 2676-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2024-03-22), p. 2676-
    Abstract: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a genital infection caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans). Weissella confusa WIKIM51 (Wilac D001) is known to be detected in dandelion kimchi, produce lactic acid, and have an anti−inflammatory ability; however, its diverse antifungal effects have not been studied. Here, we investigated the antifungal effect of Wilac D001 in C. albicans compared to Lactobacillus species on vaginal epithelial cells (VECs). To test the antifungal ability of Wilac D001 against C. albicans on VECs, an adhesion test, pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8) analysis, and a disk diffusion test were performed. The acid tolerance test was conducted to investigate the viability of Wilac D001 in various acidic conditions. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and L. rhamnosus were used as positive controls. Wilac D001 showed the capacity to inhibit the colonization of C. albicans by adhering to VECs, with an inhibitory effect similar to that of positive controls. Both pro−inflammatory cytokines including IL−6 and IL−8 concentrations were significantly decreased when Wilac D001 was treated on C. albicans-infected VECs, respectively (p 〈 0.001). The result of the disk diffusion test indicates that the inhibitory ability of Wilac D001 is comparable to L. reuteri and L. rhamnosus on agar plates infected with C. albicans. Our results demonstrate that Weissella confusa WIKIM51 has antifungal effects against VECs infected by C. albicans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app14072676
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 4
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    Effect of Particulate Matter 2.5 on Fetal Growth in Male and Preterm Infants through Oxidative Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-10-26), p. 1916-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-10-26), p. 1916-
    Abstract: Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) levels are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined whether the concentration of indoor PM2.5 affected pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, we evaluated biomarkers of pregnancy-related complications caused by fine dust. We collected clinical information and data based on residential addresses from the Air Korea database to assess PM2.5 exposure levels. As a multicenter prospective cohort study, we measured the indoor PM2.5 concentration and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. The PM2.5 concentration of the low-birth-weight (LBW) delivery group was 27.21 μg/m3, which was significantly higher than that of the normal-birth-weight (NBW) group (26.23 μg/m3) (p = 0.02). When the newborns were divided by sex, the PM2.5 concentration of the LBW group was 27.89 μg/m3 in male infants, which was significantly higher than that of the NBW group (26.26 μg/m3) (p = 0.01). In the prospective study, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine significantly increased in the high-concentration group (113.55 ng/mL, compared with 92.20 ng/mL in the low-concentration group); in the high-concentration group, the rates of preterm birth (PTB) and small size for gestational age significantly increased (p 〈 0.01, p = 0.01). This study showed an association between PM2.5, oxidative stress, and fetal growth, with the PTB group being more vulnerable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111916
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 5
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    Correction: Park et al. Effect of Particulate Matter 2.5 on Fetal Growth in Male and Preterm Infants through Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1916
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2024-01-23), p. 135-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2024-01-23), p. 135-
    Abstract: In the original publication [...]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020135
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 6
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    Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of PS1-2 Peptide against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 1779-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 1779-
    Abstract: Clinically, fungal pneumonia rarely occurs in adults, and invasive fungal infections can cause substantial morbidity, and mortality due to sepsis and septic shock. In the present study, we have designed peptides that exhibit potent antifungal activities against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in physiological monovalent, and divalent ionic buffers, with minimal fungicidal concentrations ranging from 16 to 32 µM. None of these tested peptides resulted in the development of drug resistance similar to fluconazole. Among them, the PS1-2 peptide did not induce stimulation of macrophages by C. albicans, and it exerted antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects against C. albicans-induced intratracheal infection, in an acute lung injury mouse model. PS1-2 is likely a novel therapeutic agent for the control, and prevention of drug-resistant C. albicans infection, and our findings may be useful for designing antimicrobial peptides to combat fungal infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121779
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
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  • 7
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    Effects of Connective Tissue Growth Factor on the Cell Viability, Proliferation, Osteogenic Capacity and mRNA Expression of Stem Cell Spheroids
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2021-07-16), p. 6572-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2021-07-16), p. 6572-
    Abstract: Background: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cellular communication network factor family protein involved in many cellular functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of CTGF on the proliferation, osteogenic capacity, and mRNA expression of spheroids composed of gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). Methods: CTGF was applied at final concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL. Qualitative cell viability was determined using Live/Dead kit assay. Metabolic viability was determined with a colorimetric assay kit. Osteogenic activity was analyzed with alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red S staining. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, and COL1A1. Results: In general, there was no significant difference in cell viability between the groups on Days 1, 4, and 7. Addition of CTGF produced an increase in Alizarin Red S staining. qPCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, and COL1A1 were significantly increased with the addition of CTGF. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we conclude that CTGF can be applied for increased osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11146572
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
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    NELL-1 Increased the Osteogenic Differentiation and mRNA Expression of Spheroids Composed of Stem Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Medicina Vol. 57, No. 6 ( 2021-06-08), p. 586-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 57, No. 6 ( 2021-06-08), p. 586-
    Abstract: Background and objectives: NELL-1 is a competent growth factor and it reported to target cells committed to the osteochondral lineage. The secreted, osteoinductive glycoproteins are reported to rheostatically control skeletal ossification. This study was performed to determine the effects of NELL-1 on spheroid morphology and cell viability and the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids. Materials and Methods: Cultures of stem cell spheroids of gingiva-derived stem cells were grown in the presence of NELL-1 at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 500 ng/mL. Evaluations of cell morphology were performed using a microscope, and cell viability was assessed using a two-color assay and Cell Counting Kit-8. Evaluation of the activity of alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition assays involved anthraquinone dye assay to determine the level of osteogenic differentiation of cell spheroids treated with NELL-1. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate the expressions of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, COL1A1, and β-actin mRNAs. Results: The applied stem cells produced well-formed spheroids, and the addition of NELL-1 at tested concentrations did not show any apparent changes in spheroid shape. There were no significant changes in diameter with addition of NELL-1 at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 500 ng/mL concentrations. The quantitative cell viability results derived on Days 1, 3, and 7 did not show significant disparities among groups (p 〉 0.05). There was statistically higher alkaline phosphatase activity in the 10 ng/mL group compared with the unloaded control on Day 7 (p 〈 0.05). A significant increase in anthraquinone dye staining was observed with the addition of NELL-1, and the highest value was noted at 10 ng/mL (p 〈 0.05). qPCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2 and BSP were significantly increased when NELL-1 was added to the culture. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we conclude that NELL-1 can be applied for increased osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060586
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 9
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    Candidacidal and Antibiofilm Activity of PS1-3 Peptide against Drug-Resistant Candida albicans on Contact Lenses
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2022-07-31), p. 1602-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2022-07-31), p. 1602-
    Abstract: The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant fungi has accelerated research on novel antifungal agents. In particular, Candida albicans infections are related to biofilm formation on medical devices, such as catheters, stents, and contact lenses, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of a peptide against drug-resistant C. albicans. α-Helical peptides in which the sequence of KWYK was repeated twice and four times, designated peptide series 1 (PS1)-1 and PS1-3, respectively, were generated, and the candidacidal activities of PS1-1, PS1-3, and fluconazole against drug-resistant C. albicans cells were assessed. The PS1-3 peptide showed higher killing activity than PS1-1 or fluconazole and acted via a membranolytic mechanism. In addition, the PS1-3 peptide exhibited more potent activity than PS1-1 and fluconazole in terms of fungal biofilm inhibition and reduction at the minimum fungicidal concentration on the contact lens surface. Overall, these findings established PS1-3 as a potential candidacidal agent for applications on contact lenses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081602
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Identification of Short-Chain Fatty Acids for Predicting Preterm Birth in Cervicovaginal Fluid Using Mass Spectrometry
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2024-03-17), p. 3396-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2024-03-17), p. 3396-
    Abstract: Preterm birth (PTB) refers to delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Premature neonates exhibit higher neonatal morbidity and mortality rates than term neonates; therefore, predicting and preventing PTB are important. In this study, we investigated the potential of using short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, specific vaginal microbiota-derived metabolites, as a biomarker in predicting PTB using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) was collected from 89 pregnant women (29 cases of PTB vs. 60 controls) without evidence of other clinical infections, and SCFA levels were measured. Furthermore, the PTB group was divided into two subgroups based on birth timing after CVF sampling: delivery ≤ 2 days after sampling (n = 10) and ≥2 days after sampling (n = 19). The concentrations of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, and heptanoic acid were significantly higher in the PTB group than in the term birth (TB) group (p 〈 0.05). In particular, the concentrations of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, hexanoic acid, and heptanoic acid were continuously higher in the PTB group than in the TB group (p 〈 0.05). In the delivery ≤ 2 days after sampling group, the propionic acid, isobutyric acid, hexanoic acid, and heptanoic acid levels were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p 〈 0.05). This study demonstrated a significant association between specific SCFAs and PTB. We propose these SCFAs as potential biomarkers for the prediction of PTB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063396
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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