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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Supported Rhodium–Cobalt Alloy Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-11), p. 2357-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-11), p. 2357-
    Abstract: Fuel cells are considered as efficient and environmentally ecofriendly alternatives for energy production. The oxygen-reduction reaction is important in energy-conversion systems for fuel cells. In this work, rhodium (Rh) and cobalt (Co) alloy nanoparticles were deposited on nitrogen (N)-doped carbon (C) supports (RhCo/NC) using ball milling and thermal decomposition. The RhCo/NC composites were transformed into small nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 4 nm. The properties of the as-synthesized RhCo/NC nanocatalyst were characterized through transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of the nanocatalyst for the ORR was investigated. The RhCo/NC nanocatalyst showed good activity for the ORR, long-term durability in chronoamperometry tests, and resistance to methanol crossover in an alkaline solution. This was because of the synergistic effects of the metal alloy. Chronoamperometric analysis demonstrated the remarkable durability of the RhCo/NC nanocatalyst compared to a commercial platinum (Pt)/C catalyst. Moreover, the RhCo/NC nanocatalyst exhibited good methanol tolerance. The RhCo/NC nanocatalyst can replace Pt-based catalysts in energy-conversion systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10112357
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of the Oncological Outcomes of Open versus Laparoscopic Surgery for T2 Gallbladder Cancer: A Propensity-Score-Matched Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-05-08), p. 2644-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-05-08), p. 2644-
    Abstract: Although laparoscopic treatment for T1 gallbladder cancer (GBC) has been described previously, the differences in oncologic outcomes between laparoscopic and conventional open surgery for T2 GBC have not been investigated. We aimed to assess the role of laparoscopic surgery using retrospectively collected data for 81 patients with T2 GBC who underwent surgical resection between January 2010 and December 2017. Eligible patients were classified into “laparoscopic” and “open” groups. Propensity-score matching was performed in a 1:1 ratio. The effects of surgery type on surgical and oncological outcomes were investigated. After propensity-score matching, 19 patients were included in the open and laparoscopic surgery groups. The median follow-up durations were 70 and 26 months in the open and laparoscopic groups, respectively. The operative time (316.8 ± 80.3 vs. 218.9 ± 145.0 min, p = 0.016) and length of postoperative hospital stay (14.4 ± 6.0 vs. 8.4 ± 5.9 days, p = 0.004) were significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group. The three-year overall (86.3% vs. 88.9%, p = 0.660) and disease-free (76.4% vs. 60.2%, p = 0.448) survival rates were similar between the groups. Propensity-score matching showed that laparoscopic surgery for T2 GBC yielded similar long-term oncological outcomes and favorable short-term outcomes in comparison with open surgery. Laparoscopic treatment should be considered in patients with T2 GBC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092644
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Graphene Oxide and Metal-Free Graphene in an Alkaline Medium
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-04-08), p. 1315-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-04-08), p. 1315-
    Abstract: Graphene is a well-known two-dimensional material with a large surface area and is used for numerous applications in a variety of fields. Metal-free carbon materials such as graphene-based materials are widely used as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). Recently, more attention has been paid to developing metal-free graphenes doped with heteroatoms such as N, S, and P as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. In contrast, we found our prepared graphene from graphene oxide (GO) by the pyrolysis method under a nitrogen atmosphere at 900 °C has shown better ORR activity in aqueous 0.1 M potassium hydroxide solution electrolyte as compared with the electrocatalytic activity of pristine GO. At first, we prepared various graphene by pyrolysis of 50 mg and 100 mg of GO in one to three alumina boats and pyrolyzed the samples under a N2 atmosphere at 900 °C. The prepared samples are named G50-1B to 3B and G100-1B and G100-2B. The prepared GO and graphenes were also analyzed under various characterization techniques to confirm their morphology and structural integrity. The obtained results suggest that the ORR electrocatalytic activity of graphene may differ based on the pyrolysis conditions. We found that G100-1B (Eonset, E1/2, JL, and n values of 0.843, 0.774, 4.558, and 3.76) and G100-2B (Eonset, E1/2, and JL values of 0.837, 0.737, 4.544, and 3.41) displayed better electrocatalytic ORR activity, as did Pt/C electrode (Eonset, E1/2, and JL values of 0.965, 0.864, 5.222, and 3.71, respectively). These results display the wide use of the prepared graphene for ORR and also can be used for fuel cell and metal–air battery applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13081315
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart Compared with a Conventional Premixed Insulin or Basal Insulin: A Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-18), p. 639-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-18), p. 639-
    Abstract: Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is a novel co-formulation of 70% insulin degludec and 30% insulin aspart. The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of IDegAsp compared with a conventional premixed insulin or basal insulin. We extracted data from citation databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, since inception to 2021. We calculated the mean differences for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), self-measured mean glucose, and postprandial glucose (PPG) and odds ratios for confirmed hypoglycemia events. Compared with twice-daily conventional premixed insulin, twice-daily IDegAsp showed a similar effect on changes in HbA1c, but it significantly reduced FPG and self-measured mean glucose levels. Furthermore, compared to once-daily basal insulin, once-daily IDegAsp had a similar effect on changes in HbA1c, but it significantly reduced self-measured mean glucose and PPG levels. The risk of overall confirmed hypoglycemia was similar between treatments; however, the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia events was significantly lower with IDegAsp than with conventional premixed insulin and basal insulin. Thus, IDegAsp was more effective than conventional premixed insulin and basal insulin at reducing blood glucose with fewer nocturnal hypoglycemia events.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090639
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Autoimmune Gastritis on Occurrence of Metachronous Gastric Neoplasms after Endoscopic Resection for Gastric Neoplasms
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-10-05), p. 4859-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-10-05), p. 4859-
    Abstract: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is characterized by antibody production against the gastric parietal cells, reducing the number of functional parietal cells. It is also associated with an increased susceptibility to gastric neuroendocrine tumors and gastric cancer. Endoscopic resection (ER) is an effective treatment for early gastric cancer; however, metachronous gastric neoplasms (MGN) can develop. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of AIG on the occurrence of MGN after ER for gastric neoplasms. We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent ER for gastric neoplasms. Patients with multiple lesions, recurrent lesions, or a history of partial gastrectomy were excluded. The presence of AIG was determined using anti-parietal cell antibody (APCA) testing. Follow-up endoscopy and metachronous tumor occurrence rates were compared between the AIG and non-AIG groups. Of the 569 patients, 282 underwent APCA testing and 20 (7.1%) were diagnosed with AIG. The incidence of MGN was significantly higher in the AIG group than in the non-AIG group (45.0% vs. 18.3%); however, the MGN occurrence pattern was similar between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that AIG (HR 3.32, 95% CI 1.55–7.10, p = 0.002) and a higher body mass index (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27, p = 0.002) were independent factors significantly associated with the occurrence of MGN. Patients with AIG have a higher risk of metachronous lesion occurrence after ER for gastric neoplasms. Positive results of APCA testing have independent clinical implications for predicting MGN. Proper monitoring and management are essential for early detection and treatment of recurrent lesions in patients with AIG.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194859
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Machine Learning Model to Distinguish between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease Using RNA Sequencing Data
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-15), p. 2365-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-15), p. 2365-
    Abstract: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) can be difficult to differentiate. As differential diagnosis is important in establishing a long-term treatment plan for patients, we aimed to develop a machine learning model for the differential diagnosis of the two diseases using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from endoscopic biopsy tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (n = 127; CD, 94; UC, 33). Biopsy samples were taken from inflammatory lesions or normal tissues. The RNA-seq dataset was processed via mapping to the human reference genome (GRCh38) and quantifying the corresponding gene models that comprised 19,596 protein-coding genes. An unsupervised learning model showed distinct clusters of four classes: CD inflammatory, CD normal, UC inflammatory, and UC normal. A supervised learning model based on partial least squares discriminant analysis was able to distinguish inflammatory CD from inflammatory UC after pruning the strong classifiers of normal CD vs. normal UC. The error rate was minimal and affected only two components: 20 and 50 genes for the first and second components, respectively. The corresponding overall error rate was 0.147. RNA-seq analysis of tissue and the two components revealed in this study may be helpful for distinguishing CD from UC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122365
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Experimental Study and Development of Design Formula for Estimating the Ultimate Strength of Curved Plates
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-03-08), p. 2379-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-03-08), p. 2379-
    Abstract: The curved plate has been extensively used as a structural member in many industrial fields, especially the shipbuilding industry. The present study investigated the ultimate strength and collapse behavior of the simply supported curved plate under a longitudinal compressive load. To do this, experimental apparatuses for evaluating the buckling collapse test of the curved plates was developed. Then, a series of buckling collapse experiments was carried out by considering the flank angle, slenderness ratio, and aspect ratio of plates. To examine the fundamental buckling and collapse behavior of the curved plate, elastoplastic large deflection analysis was performed using the commercial finite element analysis program. On the basis of both the experimental and FE analysis, the effects of the flank angle, slenderness ratio, and aspect ratio on the characteristics of the buckling and collapse behavior of the curved plates are discussed. Finally, the empirical design formula for predicting the ultimate strength of curved plates was derived. The proposed empirical formula is a good indicator for estimating the behavior of the curved plate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11052379
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    A Prospective Randomized, Double-Blind, Multi-Center, Phase III Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Olmesartan/Amlodipine plus Rosuvastatin Combination Treatment in Patients with Concomitant Hypertension and Dyslipidemia: A LEISURE Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-11), p. 350-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-11), p. 350-
    Abstract: Background: This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of an olmesartan/amlodipine single pill plus rosuvastatin combination treatment for patients with concomitant hypertension and dyslipidemia. Methods: Patients with both hypertension and dyslipidemia aged 20–80 were enrolled from 36 tertiary hospitals in Korea from January 2017 to April 2018. Patients were randomized to three groups in a 1:1:0.5 ratio, olmesartan/amlodipine single pill plus rosuvastatin (olme/amlo/rosu) or olmesartan plus rosuvastatin (olme/rosu) or olmesartan/amlodipine single pill (olme/amlo) combination. The primary endpoints were change of sitting systolic blood pressure (sitSBP) from baseline in the olme/amlo/rosu vs. olme/rosu groups and the percentage change of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline in the olme/amlo/rosu vs. olme/amlo groups after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: A total of 265 patients were randomized, 106 to olme/amlo/rosu, 106 to olme/rosu and 53 to olme/amlo groups. Baseline characteristics among the three groups did not differ. The mean sitSBP change was significantly larger in the olme/amlo/rosu group with −24.30 ± 12.62 mmHg (from 153.58 ± 10.90 to 129.28 ± 13.58) as compared to the olme/rosu group, −9.72 ± 16.27 mmHg (from 153.71 ± 11.10 to 144.00 ± 18.44 mmHg). The difference in change of sitSBP between the two groups was −14.62± 1.98 mmHg with significance (95% CI −18.51 to −10.73, p 〈 0.0001). The mean LDL-C reduced significantly in the olme/amlo/rosu group, −52.31 ± 16.63% (from 154.52 ± 30.84 to 72.72 ± 26.08 mg/dL) as compared to the olme/amlo group with no change, −2.98 ± 16.16% (from 160.42 ± 32.05 to 153.81 ± 31.57 mg/dL). Significant difference in change was found in LDL-C between the two groups with −50.10 ± 2.73% (95% CI −55.49 to −44.71, p 〈 0.0001). Total adverse drug reaction rates were 10.48%, 5.66% and 3.7% in the olme/amlo/rosu, olme/rosu and olme/amlo groups, respectively with no statistical significance among the three groups. Serious adverse drug reactions did not occur. Conclusions: Olmesartan/amlodipine single pill plus rosuvastatin combination treatment for patients with both hypertension and dyslipidemia is effective and safe as compared to either olmesartan plus rosuvastatin or olmesartan plus amlodipine treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020350
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Potential Oral Microbial Markers for Differential Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Using Machine Learning Models
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-06-26), p. 1665-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-06-26), p. 1665-
    Abstract: Although gut microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the relationship between the oral microbiota and IBD remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify unique microbiome patterns in saliva from IBD patients and explore potential oral microbial markers for differentiating Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A prospective cohort study recruited IBD patients (UC: n = 175, CD: n = 127) and healthy controls (HC: n = 100) to analyze their oral microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Machine learning models (sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA)) were trained with the sequencing data to classify CD and UC. Taxonomic classification resulted in 4041 phylotypes using Kraken2 and the SILVA reference database. After quality filtering, 398 samples (UC: n = 175, CD: n = 124, HC: n = 99) and 2711 phylotypes were included. Alpha diversity analysis revealed significantly reduced richness in the microbiome of IBD patients compared to healthy controls. The sPLS-DA model achieved high accuracy (mean accuracy: 0.908, and AUC: 0.966) in distinguishing IBD vs. HC, as well as good accuracy (0.846) and AUC (0.923) in differentiating CD vs. UC. These findings highlight distinct oral microbiome patterns in IBD and provide insights into potential diagnostic markers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071665
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Development of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Non-Durable Response to Anti-TNF Therapy in Crohn’s Disease Using Transcriptome Imputed from Genotypes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-09), p. 947-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-09), p. 947-
    Abstract: Almost half of patients show no primary or secondary response to monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNF) antibody treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, the exact mechanisms of a non-durable response (NDR) remain inadequately defined. We used our genome-wide genotype data to impute expression values as features in training machine learning models to predict a NDR. Blood samples from various IBD cohorts were used for genotyping with the Korea Biobank Array. A total of 234 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) who received their first anti-TNF therapy were enrolled. The expression profiles of 6294 genes in whole-blood tissue imputed from the genotype data were combined with clinical parameters to train a logistic model to predict the NDR. The top two and three most significant features were genetic features (DPY19L3, GSTT1, and NUCB1), not clinical features. The logistic regression of the NDR vs. DR status in our cohort by the imputed expression levels showed that the β coefficients were positive for DPY19L3 and GSTT1, and negative for NUCB1, concordant with the known eQTL information. Machine learning models using imputed gene expression features effectively predicted NDR to anti-TNF agents in patients with CD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060947
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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