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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Relational Model for Stress: A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors for Stress-Related Diseases in Firefighters
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Psych Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2020-02-28), p. 74-84
    Details
    In: Psych, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2020-02-28), p. 74-84
    Abstract: Firefighters are considered a high-risk group for the development of PTSD and other stress-related diseases. More than the exposure to potentially traumatic events, personal and occupational characteristics have been pointed out as interfering in the perception of stress, which may lead to the emergence of mental and physical symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the main factors that contribute to stress-related diseases in firefighters. A systematic review was conducted in order to identify original articles focusing on risk and protective factors for stress in this population. Personality traits, training, experience in extreme situations and social and organizational support influence the perception of stress and, consequently, the choice of coping strategies, which may protect against or potentiate the stress reactions. The findings of this study allow us to draw a relational model that represents the dynamics among the factors related to stress in firefighters. The development of PTSD and other stress-related diseases depends on a host of pre-trauma and post-trauma factors and, although training is an important protective factor, being prepared to face extreme situations does not mean being immune to traumatic stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-8611
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/psych2010008
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2962864-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Isopimarane-Type Diterpenoids
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 18 ( 2020-09-16), p. 4250-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 18 ( 2020-09-16), p. 4250-
    Abstract: The antimicrobial evaluation of twelve natural and hemisynthetic isopimarane diterpenes are reported. The compounds were evaluated against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria, including two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains and one vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strain. Only natural compounds 7,15-isopimaradien-19-ol (1) and 19-acetoxy-7,15-isopimaradien-3β-ol (6) showed promising results. Isopimarane (1) was the most active, showing MIC values between 6.76 µM against S. aureus (ATCC 43866) and 216.62 µM against E. faecalis (FFHB 427483) and E. flavescens (ATCC 49996). Compound (6) showed moderated activity against all tested microorganisms (MIC between value 22.54 and 45.07 µM). These compounds were found to be active against the methicillin-sensitive strains of S. aureus (CIP 106760 and FFHB 29593), showing MIC values of 13.55 (1) and 22.54 (6) µM. Both compounds were also active against vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (ATCC 51299) (MIC values of 54.14 and 45.07 µM, respectively). In addition, the cytotoxicity of nine compounds 7,15-isopimaradien-3β,19-diol (2); mixture: 15-isopimarene-8β-isobutyryloxy-19-ol and 15-isopimarene-8β-butyryloxy-19-ol (3); 3β-acetoxy-7,15-isopimaradiene-19-ol (5); 19-acetoxy-7,15-isopimaradiene-3β-ol (6); 3β,19-diacetoxy-7,15-isopimaradiene (8); 15-isopimarene-8β,19-diol (9); 19-O-β-d-glucopyranoside-7,15-isopimaradiene (10); lagascatriol-16-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (11) and lagascatriol-16-O-α-d-mannopyranoside (12) was evaluated in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Isopimarane (2) was the only compound showing some cytotoxicity. The IC50 value of compound (2) was 15 µM, suggesting a mild antiproliferative activity against these breast cancer cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184250
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Posttraumatic Stress and Somatic Symptoms in Firefighters: A Mediation Analysis of the Impact of Potentially Traumatic Events
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Societies Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-09-08), p. 206-
    Details
    In: Societies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-09-08), p. 206-
    Abstract: Firefighters are considered a high-risk group for developing stress-related psychopathologies, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), due to repeated exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTE). Studies have indicated that PTE is also associated with the development of Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD). However, the occurrence of this condition among firefighters is an underexplored topic. This study aimed to assess the relationships between PTE and PTSD symptoms, and the relationship between PTE and SSD symptoms. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the role of SSD in the relationship between PTE and PTSD within Portuguese firefighters who battled the 2017 violent forest fires. To this end, a sample of 116 firefighters (75% male) completed self-report measures of posttraumatic symptoms, somatic symptoms, and other psychopathological symptoms. Contrary to several literature, in the present study, neither PTSD nor SSD symptoms seem to be correlated with any sociodemographic characteristics. However, the exposure to PTE is positively correlated with both PTSD and SSD symptoms. Furthermore, SSD seems to act as a mediator in the relationship between PTE and PTSD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4698
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/soc13090206
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662256-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamic Psychotherapy as a PTSD Treatment for Firefighters: A Case Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-03-14), p. 530-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-03-14), p. 530-
    Abstract: In Portugal, forest fires are responsible for disasters that tend to be repeated annually, leading to dramatic consequences, such as those that have occurred in 2017, with the destruction of hundreds of houses and the deaths of dozens of people. Firefighters who are exposed to these potentially traumatic events are considered a high-risk group for the development of stress-related disorders. The aim of this study was to monitor the progress of two firefighters with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treated through dynamic psychotherapy (DP) and to assess the feasibility of implementing this intervention within fire departments. A female firefighter and a male firefighter, with similar sociodemographic characteristics and PTSD symptom severity, were selected to verify the treatment applicability for both genders. The symptomatology changes were assessed through a set of instruments (PHQ-15, PCL-5, BSI, DASS, and CALPAS-P) applied every three months over 15 months (including pre-treatment, treatment period, and post-treatment). DP seemed to be an effective treatment for PTSD symptoms, with patients showing a state of increasing improvement even after the end of treatment. The acceptability to firefighters, the treatment adherence, the therapeutic alliance, and the reduction in PTSD symptoms suggest feasibility for implementing this intervention inside the Portuguese fire departments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030530
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychopathology and Somatic Complaints: A Cross-Sectional Study with Portuguese Adults
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2021-04-17), p. 478-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2021-04-17), p. 478-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Functional somatic symptoms (FSS) are physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical diagnosis, injuries, and medication intake. More than the presence of unexplained symptoms, this condition is associated with functional disabilities, psychological distress, increased use of health services, and it has been linked to depressive and anxiety disorders. Recognizing the difficulty of diagnosing individuals with FSS and the impact on public health systems, this study aimed to verify the concomitant incidence of psychopathological symptoms and FSS in Portugal. (2) Methods: For this purpose, 93 psychosomatic outpatients (91.4% women with a mean age of 53.9 years old) and 101 subjects from the general population (74.3% women with 37.8 years old) were evaluated. The survey questionnaire included the 15-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 20-Item Short Form Survey, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and questions on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. (3) Results: Increases in FSS severity were correlated with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The findings also suggest that increased rates of FSS are associated with lower educational level and female gender. (4) Conclusion: Being aware of the relationship between FSS and psychopathological symptoms and the need to explore psychosocial issues during clinical interviews may favor early detection of these cases. The early detection of mental disorders is essential for individuals’ adherence to treatments, reflecting on healthcare costs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040478
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamic Psychotherapy: The Therapeutic Process in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Behavioral Sciences Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-12-05), p. 141-
    Details
    In: Behavioral Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-12-05), p. 141-
    Abstract: Dynamic Psychotherapy (DP) was developed to overcome the limitations of traditional psychoanalysis, responding to a broader demand of patients who seek help to cope with specific problems in the short term, such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). OCD is a chronic disabling mental disorder that leads to substantial distress, functional disability and severe occupational and social impairments. Recognizing the literature gap in this field, and the improvements reported by dynamic therapists who have dealt with patients suffering from OCD, a study on the treatment of these patients was conducted in order to discuss the effects of this technique. The method involved a narrative literature review and the analysis of two clinical cases to discuss therapeutic processes, which include the specificities of OCD patients and the mechanisms adopted in the treatment through DP. The therapist’s active stance seemed to be essential to encourage the patient to face feared situations and identify the core conflict. Both patients who were treated through DP presented similarities, such as high anxiety, feelings of guilt and inhibition of aggressive and sexual impulses. Through emotional exploration, confrontation of defensive functioning and interpretative interventions of inner conflicts, patients had reached awareness of their hidden feelings and experiences, and their symptoms and feelings of guilt decreased. They also showed significant improvements in their interpersonal relationships. Although both treatments do not fit into short-term therapies, this technique has led to long-term results, providing evidence that DP may produce favorable outcomes in the treatment of OCD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-328X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bs9120141
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651997-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Development of Selective Chelators for Cadmium: Synthesis, Structure and Chelating Properties of 3-((5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)benzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-dioxide, a Novel Thiadiazolyl Saccharinate
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2021-03-10), p. 1501-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2021-03-10), p. 1501-
    Abstract: Aquatic contamination by heavy metals is a major concern for the serious negative consequences it has for plants, animals, and humans. Among the most toxic metals, Cd(II) stands out since selective and truly efficient methodologies for its removal are not known. We report a novel multidentate chelating agent comprising the heterocycles thiadiazole and benzisothiazole. 3-((5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)benzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-dioxide (AL14) was synthesized from cheap saccharin and characterized by different techniques, including single crystal X-ray crystallography. Our studies revealed the efficiency and selectivity of AL14 for the chelation of dissolved Cd(II) (as compared to Cu(II) and Fe(II)). Different spectral changes were observed upon the addition of Cd(II) and Cu(II) during UV-Vis titrations, suggesting different complexation interactions with both metals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061501
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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