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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Inhibits Foam Cell Formation of Macrophages in Type 1 Diabetes via Suppression of CD36 and ACAT-1 Expression
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 2020-07-07), p. 4811-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 2020-07-07), p. 4811-
    Abstract: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been reported to play a protective role against atherosclerosis in both animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, since T2D is associated with dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance, part of which are ameliorated by DPP-4 inhibitors, it remains unclear whether DPP-4 inhibitors could have anti-atherosclerotic properties directly by attenuating the harmful effects of hyperglycemia. Therefore, we examined whether a DPP-4 inhibitor, teneligliptin, could suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake, foam cell formation, CD36 and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) gene expression of macrophages isolated from streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) mice and T1D patients as well as advanced glycation end product (AGE)-exposed mouse peritoneal macrophages and THP-1 cells. Foam cell formation, CD36 and ACAT-1 gene expression of macrophages derived from T1D mice or patients increased compared with those from non-diabetic controls, all of which were inhibited by 10 nmol/L teneligliptin. AGEs mimicked the effects of T1D; teneligliptin attenuated all the deleterious effects of AGEs in mouse macrophages and THP-1 cells. Our present findings suggest that teneligliptin may inhibit foam cell formation of macrophages in T1D via suppression of CD36 and ACAT-1 gene expression partly by attenuating the harmful effects of AGEs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134811
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Comparative Study to Investigate the Effects of Bisoprolol in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Hypertension When Switched from Tablets to Transdermal Patches
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-01), p. 785-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-01), p. 785-
    Abstract: Background: Oral beta-blockers are effective for heart failure and hypertension. Here, we conducted a prospective study to investigate the efficacy of the beta-blocker bisoprolol in patients switching from the oral tablet to the transdermal patch. Methods: We studied 50 outpatients receiving oral bisoprolol for chronic heart failure and hypertension. After patients switched treatments, we measured heart rate (HR) over 24 h by Holter echocardiography as the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were (1) HR at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00, (2) the total number of premature atrial contractions (PACs) over 24 h and the incidence rate per time segment, and the total number of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) over 24 h and the incidence rate per time segment, (3) blood pressure, (4) atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide, and (5) echocardiography. Results: Minimum, maximum, mean, and total HR over 24 h was not significantly different between the two groups. Mean and maximum HR at 06:00, total PACs, total PVCs, and PVCs at 00:00 to 05:59 and 06:00 to 11:59 were significantly lower in the patch group. Conclusion: Compared with oral bisoprolol, the bisoprolol transdermal patch lowers HR at 06:00 and inhibits the onset of PVCs during sleep and in the morning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050785
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AGE-RAGE Axis Stimulates Oxidized LDL Uptake into Macrophages through Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5-CD36 Pathway via Oxidative Stress Generation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 23 ( 2020-12-04), p. 9263-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 23 ( 2020-12-04), p. 9263-
    Abstract: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are localized in macrophage-derived foam cells within atherosclerotic lesions, which could be associated with the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease under diabetic conditions. Although foam cell formation of macrophages has been shown to be enhanced by AGEs, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Since cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is reported to modulate inflammatory responses in macrophages, we investigated whether Cdk5 could be involved in AGE-induced CD36 gene expression and foam cell formation of macrophages. AGEs significantly increased Dil-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake, and Cdk5 and CD36 gene expression in U937 human macrophages, all of which were inhibited by DNA aptamer raised against RAGE (RAGE-aptamer). Cdk5 and CD36 gene expression levels were correlated with each other. An antioxidant, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, mimicked the effects of RAGE-aptamer on AGE-exposed U937 cells. A selective inhibitor of Cdk5, (R)-DRF053, attenuated the AGE-induced Dil-ox-LDL uptake and CD36 gene expression, whereas anti-CD36 antibody inhibited the Dil-ox-LDL uptake but not Cdk5 gene expression. The present study suggests that AGEs may stimulate ox-LDL uptake into macrophages through the Cdk5–CD36 pathway via RAGE-mediated oxidative stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239263
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Single Arm Clinical Study on the Effects of Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator Treatment in Non-Dialysis Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Renal Anemia
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-03-20), p. 946-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-03-20), p. 946-
    Abstract: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents improve the NYHA functional class and decrease the hospital readmission rates for heart failure; however, little is known about the influence of continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) on the heart. Therefore, a prospective study was conducted to investigate the effects of CERA on cardiac and renal function and oxidative stress in chronic heart failure with renal anemia. Sixty patients with chronic heart failure and renal anemia were enrolled and received CERA for 12 months. The primary endpoints were hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit, and the secondary endpoints were: (1) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP); (2) NYHA class; (3) echocardiography; (4) blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cystatin C, and urinary albumin; (5) high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; (6) oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL); and (7) renin, angiotensin-II, and aldosterone. There was a significant difference in the Hb levels measured before and after CERA administration. The BNP, ANP, NYHA, left ventricular mass index, renal function, and Ox-LDL decreased significantly after CERA administration. This study shows that CERA improves anemia and reduces renal impairment, as well as cardiac and oxidative stress. The result of this study is useful for a study in which switching from CERA to a new renal anemia drug, hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor, is investigated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030946
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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