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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Empowered Echocardiography Interpretation: A State-of-the-Art Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-03-30), p. 1391-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-03-30), p. 1391-
    Abstract: Echocardiography (Echo), a widely available, noninvasive, and portable bedside imaging tool, is the most frequently used imaging modality in assessing cardiac anatomy and function in clinical practice. On the other hand, its operator dependability introduces variability in image acquisition, measurements, and interpretation. To reduce these variabilities, there is an increasing demand for an operator- and interpreter-independent Echo system empowered with artificial intelligence (AI), which has been incorporated into diverse areas of clinical medicine. Recent advances in AI applications in computer vision have enabled us to identify conceptual and complex imaging features with the self-learning ability of AI models and efficient parallel computing power. This has resulted in vast opportunities such as providing AI models that are robust to variations with generalizability for instantaneous image quality control, aiding in the acquisition of optimal images and diagnosis of complex diseases, and improving the clinical workflow of cardiac ultrasound. In this review, we provide a state-of-the art overview of AI-empowered Echo applications in cardiology and future trends for AI-powered Echo technology that standardize measurements, aid physicians in diagnosing cardiac diseases, optimize Echo workflow in clinics, and ultimately, reduce healthcare costs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071391
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Developing an Echocardiography-Based, Automatic Deep Learning Framework for the Differentiation of Increased Left Ventricular Wall Thickness Etiologies
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Imaging Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-02-18), p. 48-
    Details
    In: Journal of Imaging, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-02-18), p. 48-
    Abstract: Aims:Increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness is frequently encountered in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). While accurate and early diagnosis is clinically important, given the differences in available therapeutic options and prognosis, an extensive workup is often required to establish the diagnosis. We propose the first echo-based, automated deep learning model with a fusion architecture to facilitate the evaluation and diagnosis of increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness. Methods and Results: Patients with an established diagnosis of increased LV wall thickness (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), cardiac amyloidosis (CA), and hypertensive heart disease (HTN)/others) between 1/2015 and 11/2019 at Mayo Clinic Arizona were identified. The cohort was divided into 80%/10%/10% for training, validation, and testing sets, respectively. Six baseline TTE views were used to optimize a pre-trained InceptionResnetV2 model. Each model output was used to train a meta-learner under a fusion architecture. Model performance was assessed by multiclass area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). A total of 586 patients were used for the final analysis (194 HCM, 201 CA, and 191 HTN/others). The mean age was 55.0 years, and 57.8% were male. Among the individual view-dependent models, the apical 4-chamber model had the best performance (AUROC: HCM: 0.94, CA: 0.73, and HTN/other: 0.87). The final fusion model outperformed all the view-dependent models (AUROC: HCM: 0.93, CA: 0.90, and HTN/other: 0.92). Conclusion: The echo-based InceptionResnetV2 fusion model can accurately classify the main etiologies of increased LV wall thickness and can facilitate the process of diagnosis and workup.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2313-433X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9020048
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2824270-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advancements in Phytoremediation Research for Soil and Water Resources: Harnessing Plant Power for Environmental Cleanup
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-19), p. 13901-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-19), p. 13901-
    Abstract: Phytoremediation, an environmentally conscious and sustainable strategy, revolves around harnessing the power of plants to counteract the harmful impacts of pollutants on our ecosystems [...]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151813901
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Persistent Iatrogenic Atrial Septal Defect following MitraClip
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 1-
    Details
    In: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 1-
    Abstract: Background: Prior studies have reported conflicting results of persistent iatrogenic atrial septal defect (iASD) and its impact following a transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) procedure. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of iASD and its clinical and hemodynamic impact after a TEER. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent a TEER procedure from June 2014 to September 2020 at the Mayo Clinic were identified. The presence of iASD was retrospectively identified on post-procedure transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to group patients into an iASD+ group and an iASD− group for comparison of prognosis and cardiac function. Results: A total of 316 patients were included; the mean age was 79.1 ± 9.1 years, and 67.7% were male. Persistent iASD was diagnosed in 108 (34.2%) patients. There was no difference concerning all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization, and stroke/TIA between groups at follow-up (median follow-up of 9 months). Post-procedure TTE demonstrated no differences regarding right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) dimensions and function, including TAPSE (15.2 ± 4.6 vs. 15.4 ± 5.5 mm, p = 0.875), and LV ejection fraction (51.1 ± 14.0% vs. 51.3 ± 13.9%, p = 0.933). However, patients with iASD had higher RV systolic pressure (48.7 ± 14.4 vs. 45.5 ± 14.5 mmHg, p = 0.042) compared with patients without iASD. Conclusion: Notwithstanding higher RV pressures, patients with persistent iASD had no hemodynamic compromise and an equal prognosis compared with those without a residual atrial defect after a TEER procedure. These findings support the mid-term safety of procedures in which an interatrial defect needs to be created and would argue against the need for interventional closure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2308-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10010001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2777082-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Levamisole in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: Clinical Efficacy and Pathophysiological Aspects
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2019-06-16), p. 860-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2019-06-16), p. 860-
    Abstract: Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common pediatric glomerular diseases. Unfortunately, it follows a relapsing and remitting course in the majority of cases, with 50% of all cases relapsing once or even more often. Most children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome respond initially to steroid therapy, nevertheless repeated courses for patients with relapses induce significant steroid toxicity. Patients with frequent relapses or steroid dependency thus require alternative treatment, such as cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, levamisole, or rituximab. To reduce the relapse rate, several drugs have been used. Among these, levamisole has been considered the least toxic and least expensive therapy. Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) showed that levamisole is effective in reducing the relapse risk in steroid sensitive forms of nephrotic syndrome with a low frequency of side effects. Levamisole is a synthetic imidazothiazole derivative with immune-modulatory properties. In this article, we review recent data from randomized trials and observational studies to assess the efficacy of levamisole in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060860
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Vitro and In Vivo Photoprotective Effects of (-)-Loliode Isolated from the Brown Seaweed, Sargassum horneri
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 22 ( 2021-11-16), p. 6898-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 22 ( 2021-11-16), p. 6898-
    Abstract: Skin is the largest organ of humans. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) is the primary environmental factor that causes skin damage. The compound, (-)-loliode, isolated from the brown seaweed Sargassum horneri, showed strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro and in vivo models. To further explore the potential of (-)-loliode in cosmetics, in the present study, we investigated the photoprotective effect of (-)-loliode in vitro in skin cells and in vivo in zebrafish. The results indicated that (-)-loliode significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, improved cell viability, and suppressed apoptosis of UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. In addition, (-)-loliode remarkably attenuated oxidative damage, improved collagen synthesis, and inhibited matrix metalloproteinases expression in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, the in vivo test demonstrated that (-)-loliode effectively and dose-dependently suppressed UVB-induced zebrafish damage displayed in decreasing the levels of ROS, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, and cell death in UVB-irradiated zebrafish. These results indicate that (-)-loliode possesses strong photoprotective activities and suggest (-)-loliode may an ideal ingredient in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226898
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Octominin Inhibits LPS-Induced Chemokine and Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Secretion from RAW 264.7 Macrophages via Blocking TLRs/NF-κB Signal Transduction
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-03-27), p. 511-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-03-27), p. 511-
    Abstract: Inflammation is a well-organized innate immune response that plays an important role during the pathogen attacks and mechanical injuries. The Toll-like receptors (TLR)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a major signal transduction pathway observed in RAW 264.7 macrophages during the inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Octominin; a bio-active peptide developed from Octopus minor in RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. Octominin was found to inhibit lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated transcriptional activation of NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells and dose-dependently decreased the mRNA expression levels of TLR4. Specifically, in silico docking results demonstrated that Octominin has a potential to inhibit TLR4 mediated inflammatory responses via blocking formation of TLR4/MD-2/LPS complex. We also demonstrated that Octominin could significantly inhibit LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-β; IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL10) from RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, Octominin repressed the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2, inducible NO synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2 in macrophages. These results suggest that Octominin is a potential inhibitor of TLRs/NF-κB signal transduction pathway and is a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom10040511
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isolation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of a Fucoidan from an Enzymatic Digest of the Edible Seaweed, Hizikia fusiforme
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-04-27), p. 363-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-04-27), p. 363-
    Abstract: The previous study suggested that the sulfated polysaccharides from Hizikia fusiforme (HFPS) possess strong antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study is to isolate fucoidan from HFPS and to investigate its antioxidant activity. A fucoidan (HFPS-F4) with a molecular weight of 102.67 kDa was isolated from HFPS. HFPS-F4 contains 99.01% of fucoidan (71.79 ± 0.56% of carbohydrate and 27.22 ± 0.05% of sulfate content). The fucoidan increased the viability of H2O2-treated Vero cells by 5.41, 11.17, and 16.32% at the concentration of 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL, respectively. Further results demonstrated that this effect act diminishing apoptosis by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) via increasing the expression of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes, which was induced by elevating total nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) levels. In addition, the in vivo test results displayed that the pretreatment of fucoidan improved the survival rates and decreased heart-beating rate, ROS, cell death, and lipid peroxidation in H2O2-stimulated zebrafish. Taken together, these results demonstrated that fucoidan isolated from HFPS has strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities and it could be utilized in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050363
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for Pod Shattering Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-08), p. 1163-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-08), p. 1163-
    Abstract: Pod shattering is an important reproductive process in many wild species. However, pod shattering at the maturing stage can result in severe yield loss. The objectives of this study were to discover quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for pod shattering using two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from an elite cultivar having pod shattering tolerance, namely “Daewonkong”, and to predict novel candidate QTL/genes involved in pod shattering based on their allele patterns. We found several QTLs with more than 10% phenotypic variance explained (PVE) on seven different chromosomes and found a novel candidate QTL on chromosome 16 (qPS-DS16-1) from the allele patterns in the QTL region. Out of the 41 annotated genes in the QTL region, six were found to contain SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism)/indel variations in the coding sequence of the parents compared to the soybean reference genome. Among the six potential candidate genes, Glyma.16g076600, one of the genes with known function, showed a highly differential expression levels between the tolerant and susceptible parents in the growth stages R3 to R6. Further, Glyma.16g076600 is a homolog of AT4G19230 in Arabidopsis, whose function is related to abscisic acid catabolism. The results provide useful information to understand the genetic mechanism of pod shattering and could be used for improving the efficiency of marker-assisted selection for developing varieties of soybeans tolerant to pod shattering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9091163
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Widespread Inotrope Use in Acute Heart Failure Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2018-10-18), p. 368-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2018-10-18), p. 368-
    Abstract: Current guidelines recommend that inotropes should not be used in patients with normal systolic blood pressure (SBP). However, this is not supported with concrete evidence. We aimed to evaluate the effect of inotropes in acute heart failure (HF) patients from a nationwide HF registry. A total of 5625 patients from the Korean Acute Heart Failure (KorAHF) registry were analyzed. The primary outcomes were in-hospital adverse events and 1-month mortality. Among the total population, 1703 (31.1%) received inotropes during admission. Inotrope users had a higher event rate than non-users (in-hospital adverse events: 13.3% vs. 1.4%, p 〈 0.001; 1-month mortality: 5.5% vs. 2.5%, p 〈 0.001), while inotrope use was an independent predictor for clinical outcomes (in-hospital adverse events: ORadjusted 5.459, 95% CI 3.622–8.227, p 〈 0.001; 1-month mortality: HRadjusted 1.839, 95% CI 1.227–2.757, p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis showed that inotrope use was an independent predictor for detrimental outcomes only in patients with normal initial SBP (≥90 mmHg) (in-hospital adverse events: ORadjusted 5.931, 95% CI 3.864–9.104, p 〈 0.001; 1-month mortality: HRadjusted 3.584, 95% CI 1.280–10.037, p = 0.015), and a propensity score-matched population showed consistent results. Clinicians should be cautious with the usage of inotropes in acute heart failure patients, especially in those with a normal SBP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100368
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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