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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Helicobacter pylori Eradication Efficacy of Therapy Based on the Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Children with Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer in Mekong Delta, Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Children Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2022-07-08), p. 1019-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2022-07-08), p. 1019-
    Abstract: Background: The efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy for children is currently low, and antibiotic resistance is a significant cause of treatment failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the H. pylori eradication efficacy of therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibility in pediatric patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer. Methods: This study was conducted at Can Tho Children’s Hospital and Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital between March 2019 and April 2022. We performed an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, cultured H. pylori from biopsies of gastric mucosa, determined antibiotic sensitivities to H. pylori by the E-test method, and treated eradication based on the antibiotic susceptibilities of bacteria. After at least 4 weeks of eradication therapy, we assessed the effectiveness of treatment with a breath test. Results: Among 237 children recruited in this study, 48.9% were boys and 51.1% were girls, and the mean age was 10.03 ± 2.53 years. We determined that 80.6% of H. pylori were resistant to clarithromycin, as well as amoxicillin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and tetracycline, at 71.7%, 49.4%, 45.1%, and 11.4%, respectively. The overall eradication rate of H. pylori was 83.1% (172/207). Among therapies tailored to antimicrobial susceptibility, the bismuth quadruple regimen achieved the greatest success, but the efficacy of triple therapy with esomeprazole + AMX + CLR/MTZ was low. Conclusions: Tailored eradication therapy was highly successful in our study but did not achieve over 90%. We recommend that in countries with a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori strains, particularly where the amoxicillin-resistance rate of H. pylori is high, therapy tailored to antimicrobial susceptibility should be used as first-line therapy, and bismuth and tetracycline should be added to enhance the eradication efficacy in children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children9071019
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 2
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    The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on College Students: An Online Survey
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2021-09-28), p. 10762-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2021-09-28), p. 10762-
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, since its beginning in December 2019, has altered every aspect of human life. In Vietnam, the pandemic is in its fourth peak and is the most serious so far, putting Vietnam in the list of top 30 countries with the highest daily cases. In this paper, we wish to identify the magnitude of its impact on college students in Vietnam. As far as we’re concerned, college students belong to the most affected groups in the population, especially in big cities that have been hitting hard by the virus. We conducted an online survey from 31 May 2021 to 9 June 2021, asking students from four representative regions in Vietnam to describe how the pandemic has changed their lifestyle and studying environment, as well as their awareness, compliance, and psychological state. The collected answers were processed to eliminate unreliable ones then prepared for sentiment analysis. To analyze the relationship among the variables, we performed a variety of statistical tests, including Shapiro–Wilk, Mc Nemar, Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon, Kruskal–Wallis, and Pearson’s Chi-square tests. Among 1875 students who participated, many did not embrace online education. A total of 64.53% of them refused to think that online education would be the upcoming trend. During the pandemic, nearly one quarter of students were in a negative mood. About the same number showed signs of depression. We also observed that there were increasing patterns in sleeping time, body weight, and sedentary lifestyle. However, they maintained a positive attitude toward health protection and compliance with government regulations (65.81%). As far as we know, this is the first project to conduct such a large-scale survey analysis on students in Vietnam. The findings of the paper help us take notice of financial and mental needs and perspective issues for indigent students, which contributes to reducing the pandemic’s negative effects and going forwards to a better and more sustainable life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su131910762
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
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    Gas-Wetting Alteration by Fluorochemicals and Its Application for Enhancing Gas Recovery in Gas-Condensate Reservoirs: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2020-09-04), p. 4591-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2020-09-04), p. 4591-
    Abstract: Gas-wetting alteration is a versatile and effective approach for alleviating liquid-blockage that occurs when the wellbore pressure of a gas-condensate reservoir drops below the dew point. Fluorochemicals are of growing interest in gas-wetting alteration because of their high density of fluorine groups and thermal stability, which can change the reservoir wettability into more favorable conditions for liquids. This review aims to integrate the overlapping research between the current knowledge in organic chemistry and enhanced oil and gas recovery. The difference between wettability alteration and gas-wetting alteration is illustrated, and the methods used to evaluate gas-wetting are summarized. Recent advances in the applications of fluorochemicals for gas-wetting alteration are highlighted. The mechanisms of self-assembling adsorption layers formed by fluorochemicals with different surface morphologies are also reviewed. The factors that affect the gas-wetting performance of fluorochemicals are summarized. Meanwhile, the impacts of gas-wetting alteration on the migration of fluids in the pore throat are elaborated. Furthermore, the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter theories are often used to describe the wettability model, but they are limited in reflecting the wetting regime of the gas-wetting surface; therefore, a wettability model for gas-wetting is discussed. Considering the promising prospects of gas-wetting alteration, this study is expected to provide insights into the relevance of gas-wetting, surface morphology and fluorochemicals, further exploring the mechanism of flow efficiency improvement of fluids in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13184591
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 4
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    A Survey of Recent Advances in Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Electronics Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-08), p. 856-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-08), p. 856-
    Abstract: Quantum mechanics studies nature and its behavior at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. By applying quantum mechanics, a lot of problems can be solved in a more convenient way thanks to its special quantum properties, such as superposition and entanglement. In the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, quantum mechanics finds its use in various fields of life. Following this trend, researchers seek to augment machine learning in a quantum way. The generative adversarial network (GAN), an important machine learning invention that excellently solves generative tasks, has also been extended with quantum versions. Since the first publication of a quantum GAN (QuGAN) in 2018, many QuGAN proposals have been suggested. A QuGAN may have a fully quantum or a hybrid quantum–classical architecture, which may need additional data processing in the quantum–classical interface. Similarly to classical GANs, QuGANs are trained using a loss function in the form of max likelihood, Wasserstein distance, or total variation. The gradients of the loss function can be calculated by applying the parameter-shift method or a linear combination of unitaries in order to update the parameters of the networks. In this paper, we review recent advances in quantum GANs. We discuss the structures, optimization, and network evaluation strategies of QuGANs. Different variants of quantum GANs are presented in detail.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics12040856
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Effects of Launaea sarmentosa Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation via Suppression of NF-κB/MAPK Signaling and Nrf2 Activation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-08-26), p. 2586-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-08-26), p. 2586-
    Abstract: Launaea sarmentosa has been extensively used as a nutrient herb in traditional Vietnamese remedies for the treatment of various diseases, especially inflammatory diseases. However, no detailed research has been conducted examining the molecular mechanisms involved in the suppression of inflammatory response. Here, we studied the effects of L. sarmentosa methanol extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation using RAW 264.7 macrophages. The extract demonstrated potent antioxidant activity owing to the presence of polyphenolic and flavonoid components. Pretreatment with the extract inhibited LPS-mediated secretion of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathways was blocked by the extract by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. Additionally, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was suppressed, and endoplasmic reticulum stress was attenuated. Furthermore, the extract promoted the activity of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 resulting in the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 pathway, leading to the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Taken together, the results indicate that L. sarmentosa exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, and hence, can be further developed as a novel drug for the treatment of diseases associated with excessive inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12092586
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lasia spinosa Leaf Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 10 ( 2020-05-13), p. 3439-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 10 ( 2020-05-13), p. 3439-
    Abstract: Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites was used as a traditional medicine to treat many inflammatory diseases for centuries. However, its effects on the inflammatory response are not yet characterized. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of L. spinosa leaf extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that ethanol extracts of L. spinosa leaves showed anti-oxidant activity due to the presence of high levels of polyphenolic compounds. Treatment with the leaf extract significantly repressed the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, L. spinosa leaf extract treatment prevented activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway by inhibiting nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) degradation. Furthermore, the mitogen-activated kinase and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways were suppressed upon treatment with the leaf extract. In addition to suppressing inflammatory factors, the extract also activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme-oxygenase-1 pathway. We propose that L. spinosa leaf extract has the potential as an effective therapeutic agent for alleviating oxidative stress and excessive inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103439
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Role of Serotonin Transporter in Eye Development of Drosophila melanogaster
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-06-08), p. 4086-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-06-08), p. 4086-
    Abstract: Serotonin transporter (SerT) in the brain is an important neurotransmitter transporter involved in mental health. However, its role in peripheral organs is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the function of SerT in the development of the compound eye in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that SerT knockdown led to excessive cell death and an increased number of cells in S-phase in the posterior eye imaginal disc. Furthermore, the knockdown of SerT in the eye disc suppressed the activation of Akt, and the introduction of PI3K effectively rescued this phenotype. These results suggested that SerT plays a role in the healthy eye development of D. melanogaster by controlling cell death through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114086
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Patterns of Risky Sexual Behaviors and Associated Factors among Youths and Adolescents in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2020-03-14), p. 1903-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2020-03-14), p. 1903-
    Abstract: Youths and adolescents are vulnerable to HIV/STIs from unprotected sex. Promotion of young population’s awareness about risky sexual behaviors is essential to develop contextualized interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five Vietnamese provinces to document current attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviors among youths. The information on sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and sexual behaviors was collected via self-reported questionnaires. The factors associated with risky sexual behaviors were identified by the multivariate logistic regression. Among the 1200 participants, 73.5% reported having sex in their lifetime, and 48.1% used condoms at their latest sexual intercourse. Participants in urban areas were more likely not to intend to use condoms and had a higher unintended pregnancy rate than in rural areas. Older age was positively associated with not wanting to use and not using condoms. Substance-using participants were more likely to not use condoms. The participants taking alcohol or other stimulants before sex had a higher likelihood of unintended pregnancy. Respondents’ attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviors were associated with gender and employment. This study indicated that young population’s awareness in Vietnam is high, however, risky sexual behaviors also remain common. Sex-related educational programs about the consequences of substance use, multiple sex partners, and unprotected sex should be developed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061903
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
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    Determining Risk for Depression among Older People Residing in Vietnamese Rural Settings
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 15 ( 2019-07-25), p. 2654-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 15 ( 2019-07-25), p. 2654-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Major causes of the burden of disease in older persons include mental disorders and neurological diseases, such as depression. This study aims to explore the prevalence of older people at risk for depression and identify the factors associated with this risk in rural Vietnam. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Soc Son, Hanoi with 523 community dwelling elders aged 60 and over. Face-to-face interviews were performed to collect data about socioeconomic status, risk for depression, health status, and health utilization. The Geriatric Depression Scale-4 items (GDS-4) was used to assess the risk for depression occurrence. Multivariable logistic regression was employed for determining the factors associated with the risk for depression. (3) Results: Among 523 participants, there were 26.4% of participants at risk for depression. The proportion of females at risk for depression (29.0%) was significantly higher than males (20.4%). Differences were found in economic status (near poor group had higher risk for depression compared to the poor group) (p 〈 0.01). Older adults living with spouse/partner, living in near-poor household, and suffering pain/discomfort were all more likely to be at risk for depression. (4) Conclusions: Being female, living in a near poor household, being in pain or experiencing discomfort are all factors strongly correlated to high risk for depression. These findings highlight the urgent need for additional research among Vietnamese community-dwelling older people.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152654
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Gender Differences in Quality of Life and Health Services Utilization among Elderly People in Rural Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2018-12-28), p. 69-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2018-12-28), p. 69-
    Abstract: As in much of the world, the elderly population in Vietnam is growing rapidly with two-thirds of them currently living in rural areas. Besides limited access to quality healthcare services, they also have unique health profiles and needs due to various factors, including the highly skewed sex ratio of more women residing in rural areas. However, the relationship between gender, health-seeking behaviors, and health outcomes in this under-served population has not been well characterized. This study sought to explore the associations of gender with health-related quality of life and health-seeking behavior among the elderly in Soc Son, a rural district of Hanoi, Vietnam. A cross-sectional design was used; elderly individuals were surveyed across the domains of socioeconomic information, health status, and healthcare service utilization. We found that overall, women had poorer health and quality of life even though gender difference did not appear to significantly influence their levels of health services utilization. A greater understanding of the systemic, sociocultural, and psychological factors underlying such differences may help better inform future healthcare service delivery strategies targeting this growing population in rural areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010069
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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