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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Secure Performance Analysis of Aerial RIS-NOMA-Aided Systems: Deep Neural Network Approach
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-18), p. 2588-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-18), p. 2588-
    Abstract: The next generation of wireless systems has benefits in terms of spectrum and energy inefficiencies by exploiting two promising techniques including Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS). The scenario of two legitimate users existing together with an eavesdropper is worth examining in terms of secure matter while enabling machine learning tools at the base station for expected improvement. The base station deals with a highly complicated algorithm to adjust parameters against the attack of eavesdroppers and to better improve the secure performance of mobile users. This paper suggests a better solution to allow the base station to predict performance at destinations to adjust necessary parameters such as power allocation coefficients properly. To this end, we propose a deep neural network (DNN)-based approach which also leverages the benefits of aerial RIS to achieve predictable performance and significant secure performance improvement could be enhanced. We first derive the formulations for security outage probability (SOP) in closed-form expressions and analyze the strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC), which are crucial performance metrics to determine how the systems are against the existence of eavesdroppers. Such eavesdroppers intend to overhear signal transmission dedicated to intended users and incur degraded system performance. The numerical simulations are expected to evaluate how the machine learning tool works with the traditional computation of system performance metrics which is able to be verified by comparing with the Monte-Carlo method. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the design of a higher number of meta-surface elements at the RIS, as well as a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels at the base station, are key parameters to achieving improved security performance for users. For detailed guidelines of the RIS-NOMA aided system, we provide a table of parameters samples resulting in secure performance as expected.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11162588
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Empowering Intelligent Surfaces and User Pairing for IoT Relaying Systems: Outage Probability and Ergodic Capacity Performance
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 17 ( 2022-08-31), p. 6576-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 17 ( 2022-08-31), p. 6576-
    Abstract: The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has been studied owing to the associated benefits in useful applications. Although the evolution is highly helpful, the increasing day-to-day demands of mobile users have led to immense requirements for further performance improvements such as efficient spectrum utilization, massive device connectivity, and high data rates. Fortunately, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques have recently been introduced as two possible current-generation emerging technologies with immense potential of addressing the above-mentioned issues. In this paper, we propose the integration of RIS to the existing techniques (i.e., NOMA and relaying) to further enhance the performance for mobile users. We focus on a performance analysis of two-user group by exploiting two main performance metrics including outage probability and ergodic capacity. We provide closed-form expressions for both performance metrics to highlight how NOMA-aided RIS systems provide more benefits compared with the benchmark based on traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA). Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to validate the correctness of obtained expressions. The simulations show that power allocation factors assigned to two users play a major role in the formation of a performance gap among two users rather than the setting of RIS. In particular, the strong user achieves optimal outage behavior when it is allocated 35% transmit power.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22176576
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 3
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    The Influence of Dopant Concentration on Optical-Electrical Features of Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cell
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 10 ( 2021-05-12), p. 2865-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 10 ( 2021-05-12), p. 2865-
    Abstract: In this study, TiO2/CdS/CdxCu1−xSe, TiO2/CdS/CdxMn1−xSe, and TiO2/CdS/CdxAg2−2xSe thin films were synthesized by chemical bath deposition for the fabrication of photoanode in quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. As a result, the structural properties of the thin films have been studied by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the zinc Blende structure in the samples. The optical films were researched by their experimental absorption spectra with different doping concentrations. Those results were combined with the Tauc correlation to estimate the absorption density, the band gap energy, valence band and conduction band positions, steepness parameter, and electron–phonon interaction. Furthermore, the electrical features, electrochemical impedance spectrum and photocurrent density curves were carried out. The result was used to explain the enhancing performance efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102865
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    A Fast, Decentralized, Self-Aligned Carrier Method for Multicellular Converters
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-12-25), p. 137-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-12-25), p. 137-
    Abstract: This paper proposes a fast, decentralized method for self-aligning the carriers of a multiphase/multilevel converter operating on the basis of phase-shifted pulse width modulation or level-shifted pulse width modulation. In the proposed method, each cell of the converter synchronizes and updates simultaneously its own carrier angle or carrier level based on the information shared with its neighboring cell, such as its angle/level, its index number, and the total number of activated cells of the converter. Different from the conventional decentralized method (with basic and modified updating rules), which requires some conditions in terms of cell number and initial carrier angles to start up and operate properly, the proposed method can be applied to the system with any number of cells and does not require special conditions of initial carrier angles. Further, while the conventional method needs an iteration process to adjust the inter-carrier phase-shifts and can be applied only to a multiphase converter which uses phase-shifted pulse width modulation, the proposed method offers an accurate and fast alignment of phases (for phase-shifted pulse width modulation) or levels (for level-shifted pulse width modulation) and thus can be applied to both multiphase and multilevel converter types. The simulations and the experimental results are presented in detail to show the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Further, thorough simulations on multiphase converters with different number of cells also show that the proposed method is much faster than the conventional method in both configuration and reconfiguration processes, especially in case the system has a large number of cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11010137
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    The Novel Alpha-2 Adrenoceptor Inhibitor Beditin Reduces Cytotoxicity and Huntingtin Aggregates in Cell Models of Huntington’s Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2021-03-12), p. 257-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2021-03-12), p. 257-
    Abstract: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a monogenetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin (mHTT). There is currently no cure, and therefore disease-slowing remedies are sought to alleviate symptoms of the multifaceted disorder. Encouraging findings in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease on alpha-2 adrenoceptor (α2-AR) inhibition have shown neuroprotective and aggregation-reducing effects in cell and animal models. Here, we analyzed the effect of beditin, a novel α2- adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist, on cell viability and mHTT protein levels in cell models of HD using Western blot, time-resolved Foerster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) cytotoxicity assays. Beditin decreases cytotoxicity, as measured by TUNEL staining and LDH release, in a neuronal progenitor cell model (STHdh cells) of HD and decreases the aggregation propensity of HTT exon 1 fragments in an overexpression model using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells. α2-AR is a promising therapeutic target for further characterization in HD models. Our data allow us to suggest beditin as a valuable candidate for the pharmaceutical manipulation of α2-AR, as it is capable of modulating neuronal cell survival and the level of mHTT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph14030257
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Homozygous Inversion on Chromosome 13 Involving SGCG Detected by Short Read Whole Genome Sequencing in a Patient Suffering from Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-09-28), p. 1752-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-09-28), p. 1752-
    Abstract: New techniques in molecular genetic diagnostics now allow for accurate diagnosis in a large proportion of patients with muscular diseases. Nevertheless, many patients remain unsolved, although the clinical history and/or the muscle biopsy give a clear indication of the involved genes. In many cases, there is a strong suspicion that the cause must lie in unexplored gene areas, such as deep-intronic or other non-coding regions. In order to find these changes, next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods are constantly evolving, making it possible to sequence entire genomes to reveal these previously uninvestigated regions. Here, we present a young woman who was strongly suspected of having a so far genetically unsolved sarcoglycanopathy based on her clinical history and muscle biopsy. Using short read whole genome sequencing (WGS), a homozygous inversion on chromosome 13 involving SGCG and LINC00621 was detected. The breakpoint in intron 2 of SGCG led to the absence of γ-sarcoglycan, resulting in the manifestation of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 5 (LGMDR5) in the young woman.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13101752
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates the Abnormal Dopamine Transmission System and Inflammatory Reaction in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cells Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2019-06-15), p. 595-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2019-06-15), p. 595-
    Abstract: Intrastriatal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown beneficial effects in rodent models of Huntington disease (HD). However, the invasive nature of surgical procedure and its potential to trigger the host immune response may limit its clinical use. Hence, we sought to evaluate the non-invasive intranasal administration (INA) of MSC delivery as an effective alternative route in HD. GFP-expressing MSCs derived from bone marrow were intranasally administered to 4-week-old R6/2 HD transgenic mice. MSCs were detected in the olfactory bulb, midbrain and striatum five days post-delivery. Compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated littermates, MSC-treated R6/2 mice showed an increased survival rate and attenuated circadian activity disruption assessed by locomotor activity. MSCs increased the protein expression of DARPP-32 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and downregulated gene expression of inflammatory modulators in the brain 7.5 weeks after INA. While vehicle treated R6/2 mice displayed decreased Iba1 expression and altered microglial morphology in comparison to the wild type littermates, MSCs restored both, Iba1 level and the thickness of microglial processes in the striatum of R6/2 mice. Our results demonstrate significantly ameliorated phenotypes of R6/2 mice after MSCs administration via INA, suggesting this method as an effective delivering route of cells to the brain for HD therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells8060595
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Optical Genome Mapping Reveals and Characterizes Recurrent Aberrations and New Fusion Genes in Adult ALL
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Genes Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-09), p. 686-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-09), p. 686-
    Abstract: (1) Background: In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) the genetic characterization remains challenging. Due to the genetic heterogeneity of mutations in adult patients, only a small proportion of aberrations can be analyzed with standard routine diagnostics. Optical genome mapping (OGM) has recently opened up new possibilities for the characterization of structural variants on a genome-wide level, thus enabling simultaneous analysis for a broad spectrum of genetic aberrations. (2) Methods: 11 adult ALL patients were examined using OGM. (3) Results: Genetic results obtained by karyotyping and FISH were confirmed by OGM for all patients. Karyotype was redefined, and additional genetic information was obtained in 82% (9/11) of samples by OGM, previously not diagnosed by standard of care. Besides gross-structural chromosome rearrangements, e.g., ring chromosome 9 and putative isodicentric chromosome 8q, deletions in CDKN2A/2B were detected in 7/11 patients, defining an approx. 20 kb minimum region of overlap, including an alternative exon 1 of the CDKN2A gene. The results further confirm recurrent ALL aberrations (e.g., PAX5, ETV6, VPREB1, IKZF1). (4) Conclusions: Genome-wide OGM analysis enables a broad genetic characterization in adult ALL patients in one single workup compared to standard clinical testing, facilitating a detailed genetic diagnosis, risk-stratification, and target-directed treatment strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes14030686
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 9
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    Novel NUP98::ASH1L Gene Fusion in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Detected by Optical Genome Mapping
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-27), p. 2942-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-27), p. 2942-
    Abstract: Optical genome mapping (OGM) recently has demonstrated the potential to improve genetic diagnostics in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, OGM was utilized as a tool for the detection of genome-wide structural variants and disease monitoring. A previously unrecognized NUP98::ASH1L fusion was detected in an adult patient with secondary AML. OGM identified the fusion of NUP98 to Absent, Small, or Homeotic-Like Histone Lysine Methyltransferase (ASH1L) as result of a complex structural rearrangement between chromosomes 1 and 11. A pipeline for the measurement of rare structural variants (Rare Variant Pipeline, Bionano Genomics, San Diego, CA, USA) was used for detection. As NUP98 and other fusions are relevant for disease classification, this demonstrates the necessity for methods such as OGM for cytogenetic diagnostics in AML. Furthermore, other structural variants showed discordant variant allele frequencies at different time points over the course of the disease and treatment pressure, indicating clonal evolution. These results support OGM to be a valuable tool for primary diagnostics in AML as well as longitudinal testing for disease monitoring and deepening our understanding of genetically heterogenous diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112942
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 10
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    bHLH Transcription Factor Math6 Antagonizes TGF-β Signalling in Reprogramming, Pluripotency and Early Cell Fate Decisions
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cells Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2019-06-02), p. 529-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2019-06-02), p. 529-
    Abstract: The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Math6 (Atonal homolog 8; Atoh8) plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes during embryonic development, iron metabolism and tumorigenesis. We report here on its involvement in cellular reprogramming from fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells, in the maintenance of pluripotency and in early fate decisions during murine development. Loss of Math6 disrupts mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during reprogramming and primes pluripotent stem cells towards the mesendodermal fate. Math6 can thus be considered a regulator of reprogramming and pluripotent stem cell fate. Additionally, our results demonstrate the involvement of Math6 in SMAD-dependent TGF beta signalling. We furthermore monitor the presence of the Math6 protein during these developmental processes using a newly generated Math6Flag-tag mouse. Taken together, our results suggest that Math6 counteracts TGF beta signalling and, by this, affects the initiating step of cellular reprogramming, as well as the maintenance of pluripotency and early differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells8060529
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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