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  • 1
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    Sero-Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in High-Risk Populations in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2021-06-11), p. 6353-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2021-06-11), p. 6353-
    Abstract: As a response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Vietnam enforced strict quarantine, contact tracing and physical distancing policies resulting in one of the lowest numbers of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity among high-risk populations in Vietnam. A prevalence survey was undertaken within four communities in Vietnam, where at least two COVID-19 cases had been confirmed. Participants were classified according to the location of exposure: household contacts, close contacts, community members, and healthcare workers (HCWs) responsible for treating COVID-19 cases. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were quantified using a commercial assay. A total of 3049 community members and 149 health care workers consented to the study. Among 13 individuals who were seropositive (0.4%), five household contacts (5/27, 18.5%), one close contact (1/53, 1.9%), and seven community members (7/2954, 0.2%) had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All HCWs were negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Participants were tested a median of 15.1 (interquartile range from 14.9 to 15.2) weeks after exposure. Our study found a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in high-risk communities and healthcare workers in communities in Vietnam with known COVID-19 cases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126353
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
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    Nemo Solus Satis Sapit: Trends of Research Collaborations in the Vietnamese Social Sciences, Observing 2008–2017 Scopus Data
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Publications Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2017-10-05), p. 24-
    Details
    In: Publications, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2017-10-05), p. 24-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6775
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/publications5040024
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720876-X
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  • 3
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    TensorMoG: A Tensor-Driven Gaussian Mixture Model with Dynamic Scene Adaptation for Background Modelling
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 23 ( 2020-12-06), p. 6973-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 23 ( 2020-12-06), p. 6973-
    Abstract: Decades of ongoing research have shown that background modelling is a very powerful technique, which is used in intelligent surveillance systems, in order to extract features of interest, known as foregrounds. In order to work with the dynamic nature of different scenes, many techniques of background modelling adopted the unsupervised approach of Gaussian Mixture Model with an iterative paradigm. Although the technique has had much success, a problem occurs in cases of sudden scene changes with high variation (e.g., illumination changes, camera jittering) that the model unknowingly and unnecessarily takes into account those effects and distorts the results. Therefore, this paper proposes an unsupervised, parallelized, and tensor-based approach that algorithmically works with entropy estimations. These entropy estimations are used in order to assess the uncertainty level of a constructed background, which predicts both the present and future variations from the inputs, thereby opting to use either the incoming frames to update the background or simply discard them. Our experiments suggest that this method is highly integrable into a surveillance system that consists of other functions and can be competitive with state-of-the-art methods in terms of processing speed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20236973
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
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    Stepwise Reduction of Mycophenolate Mofetil with Conversion to Everolimus for the Treatment of Active BKV in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Experience in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-08), p. 7297-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-08), p. 7297-
    Abstract: Background: No specific antiviral drug can effectively treat BKV reactivation after kidney transplantation. Thus, we evaluated stepwise-reduced immunosuppression to treat BKV reactivation. Methods: 341 kidney-transplant recipients were monitored for BKV infection (BKV-viremia, BKV-viruria). Positive samples with a significant virus load were nested PCR-genotyped in the VP1 region. In 97/211 patients presenting BKV viremia ≥104 copies/mL and/or BKV viruria ≥107 copies/mL, or BKV-nephropathy immunosuppression (i.e., mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]) was reduced by 50%. If viral load did not decrease within 28 days, MMF dose was further reduced by 25%, although calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) therapy remained unchanged. If BKV viral load did not decrease within another 28 days, MMF was withdrawn and replaced by everolimus combined with reduced CNIs. Results: Only 41/97 BKV (+) cases completed the 6-month follow-up. Among these, 29 (71%) were in the BKV-I group and 12 (29%) were in BKV-IV. BKV viruria and BKV viremia were significantly decreased from 9.32 to 6.09 log10 copies/mL, and from 3.59 to 2.45 log10 copies/mL (p 〈 0.001 and p = 0.024, respectively). 11/32 (34.4%) patients were cleared of BKV viremia; 2/32 (6.3%) patients were cleared of BKV in both serum and urine, and 9/9 (100%) only had BKV viruria but did not develop BKV viremia. eGFR remained stable. No patient with BKV-related nephropathy had graft loss. There was a significant inverse relationship between changes in eGFR and serum BKV load (r = −0.314, p = 0.04). Conclusions: This stepwise immunosuppressive strategy proved effective at reducing BKV viral load in kidney transplant recipients that had high BKV loads in serum and/or urine. Renal function remained stable without rejection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247297
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
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    Genomic Mutations of BK Polyomavirus in Patients after Kidney Transplantation: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-05-01), p. 2544-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-05-01), p. 2544-
    Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the SNP sites and determine the BKV genotype circulating in kidney-transplant Vietnamese recipients based on the VP1 gene region. Methods: 344 samples were collected from post-kidney-transplant recipients at the 103 Vietnam Military Hospital to investigate the number of BKV infections. Positive samples with a sufficient virus concentration were analyzed by nested PCR in the VP1 region, sequencing detected genotyping and single-nucleotide polymorphism. Results: BKV infection was determined in 214 patients (62.2%), of whom 11 (5.1%) were diagnosed with BKV-associated nephropathy. Among the 90 BKV-I strains sequenced, 89 (98.88%) were strains of I/b-1 and 1 (1.12%) was strain I/b-2. The 60 BKV-IV strains had a greater diversity of subgroups, including 40% IV/a-1, 1.66% IV/a-2, 56.68% IV/c-1, and 1.16% IV/c-2. Additionally, of 11 cases diagnosed with BKVN, seven belonged to subgroup I/b-1 (63.6%) and four to subgroup IV/c-1 (36.4%). Moreover, 22 specific SNPs that were genotype I or IV were determined in this Vietnamese population. Specifically, at position 1745, for the Vietnamese BKV-IV strains, the SNP position (A→G) appeared in 57/60 samples (95%). This causes transformation of the amino acid N→S. This SNP site can enable detection of genotype IV in Vietnam. It represents a unique evolution pattern and mutation that has not been found in other international strains. Conclusion: The BKV-I genotype was more common than BKV-IV; however, mutations that occur on the VP1 typing region of BKV-IV strains were more frequent than in BKV-I strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092544
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
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    Multiplex RT Real-Time PCR Based on Target Failure to Detect and Identify Different Variants of SARS-CoV-2: A Feasible Method That Can Be Applied in Clinical Laboratories
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-04-07), p. 1364-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-04-07), p. 1364-
    Abstract: Shortly after its emergence, Omicron and its sub-variants have quickly replaced the Delta variant during the current COVID-19 outbreaks in Vietnam and around the world. To enable the rapid and timely detection of existing and future variants for epidemiological surveillance and diagnostic applications, a robust, economical real-time PCR method that can specifically and sensitively detect and identify multiple different circulating variants is needed. The principle of target- failure (TF) real-time PCR is simple. If a target contains a deletion mutation, then there is a mismatch with the primer or probe, and the real-time PCR will fail to amplify the target. In this study, we designed and evaluated a novel multiplex RT real-time PCR (MPL RT-rPCR) based on the principle of target failure to detect and identify different variants of SARS-CoV-2 directly from the nasopharyngeal swabs collected from COVID-19 suspected cases. The primers and probes were designed based on the specific deletion mutations of current circulating variants. To evaluate the results from the MPL RT-rPCR, this study also designed nine pairs of primers for amplifying and sequencing of nine fragments from the S gene containing mutations of known variants. We demonstrated that (i) our MPL RT-rPCR was able to accurately detect multiple variants that existed in a single sample; (ii) the limit of detection of the MPL RT-rPCR in the detection of the variants ranged from 1 to 10 copies for Omicron BA.2 and BA.5, and from 10 to 100 copies for Delta, Omicron BA.1, recombination of BA.1 and BA.2, and BA.4; (iii) between January and September 2022, Omicron BA.1 emerged and co-existed with the Delta variant during the early period, both of which were rapidly replaced by Omicron BA.2, and this was followed by Omicron BA.5 as the dominant variant toward the later period. Our results showed that SARS-CoV-2 variants rapidly evolved within a short period of time, proving the importance of a robust, economical, and easy-to-access method not just for epidemiological surveillance but also for diagnoses around the world where SARS-CoV-2 variants remain the WHO’s highest health concern. Our highly sensitive and specific MPL RT-rPCR is considered suitable for further implementation in many laboratories, especially in developing countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081364
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 7
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    Thirty-Year Dynamics of LULC at the Dong Thap Muoi Area, Southern Vietnam, Using Google Earth Engine
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-06), p. 226-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-06), p. 226-
    Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to assess the land use and land cover (LULC) changes for thirty years, from 1990–2020, in the Dong Thap Muoi, a flooded land area of the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam using Google Earth Engine and random forest algorithm. The specific purposes are: (1) determine the main LULC classes and (2) compute and analyze the magnitude and rate of changes for these LULC classes. For the above purposes, 128 Landsat images, topographic maps, land use status maps, cadastral maps, and ancillary data were collected and utilized to derive the LULC maps using the random forest classification algorithm. The overall accuracy of the LULC maps for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 are 88.9, 83.5, 87.1, and 85.6%, respectively. The result showed that the unused land was dominant in 1990 with 28.9 % of the total area, but it was primarily converted to the paddy, a new dominant LULC class in 2020 (45.1%). The forest was reduced significantly from 14.4% in 1990 to only 5.5% of the total area in 2020. Whereas at the same time, the built-up increased from 0.3% to 6.2% of the total area. This research may help the authorities design exploitation policies for the Dong Thap Muoi’s socio-economic development and develop a new, stable, and sustainable ecosystem, promoting the advantages of the region, early forming a diversified agricultural structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10040226
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 8
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    A New Modeling Approach for Spatial Prediction of Flash Flood with Biogeography Optimized CHAID Tree Ensemble and Remote Sensing Data
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-04-26), p. 1373-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-04-26), p. 1373-
    Abstract: Flash floods induced by torrential rainfalls are considered one of the most dangerous natural hazards, due to their sudden occurrence and high magnitudes, which may cause huge damage to people and properties. This study proposed a novel modeling approach for spatial prediction of flash floods based on the tree intelligence-based CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector)random subspace, optimized by biogeography-based optimization (the CHAID-RS-BBO model), using remote sensing and geospatial data. In this proposed approach, a forest of tree intelligence was constructed through the random subspace ensemble, and, then, the swarm intelligence was employed to train and optimize the model. The Luc Yen district, located in the northwest mountainous area of Vietnam, was selected as a case study. For this circumstance, a flood inventory map with 1866 polygons for the district was prepared based on Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery and field surveys with handheld GPS. Then, a geospatial database with ten influencing variables (land use/land cover, soil type, lithology, river density, rainfall, topographic wetness index, elevation, slope, curvature, and aspect) was prepared. Using the inventory map and the ten explanatory variables, the CHAID-RS-BBO model was trained and verified. Various statistical metrics were used to assess the prediction capability of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed CHAID-RS-BBO model yielded the highest predictive performance, with an overall accuracy of 90% in predicting flash floods, and outperformed benchmarks (i.e., the CHAID, the J48-DT, the logistic regression, and the multilayer perception neural network (MLP-NN) models). We conclude that the proposed method can accurately estimate the spatial prediction of flash floods in tropical storm areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12091373
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 9
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    Characteristics and Risk Assessment of 16 Metals in Street Dust Collected from a Highway in a Densely Populated Metropolitan Area of Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2021-11-24), p. 1548-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2021-11-24), p. 1548-
    Abstract: The present study focused on investigating the contamination and risk assessment for 16 metals in street dust from Ha Noi highway, Ho Chi Minh City. The results indicated that the concentrations of metals (mg/kg) were found, in decreasing order, to be Ti (676.3 ± 155.4) 〉 Zn (519.2 ± 318.9) 〉 Mn (426.6 ±113.1) 〉 Cu (144.7 ± 61.5) 〉 Cr (81.4 ± 22.6) 〉 Pb (52.2 ± 22.9) 〉 V (35.5 ± 5.6) 〉 Ni (30.9 ± 9.5) 〉 Co (8.3 ± 1.2) 〉 As (8.3 ± 2.5) 〉 Sn (7.0 ± 3.6) 〉 B (5.7 ± 0.9) 〉 Mo (4.1 ± 1.7) 〉 Sb (0.8 ± 0.3) 〉 Cd (0.6 ± 0.2) 〉 Se (0.4 ± 0.1). The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed moderate contamination levels for Pb, Cd, Cu, Sn, Mo, and Zn. The enrichment factor (EF) values revealed moderate levels for Cd, Cu, Mo, and Sn but moderate–severe levels for Zn. The pollution load index of the heavy metals was moderate. The potential ecological risk (207.43) showed a high potential. Notably, 40.7% and 33.5% of the ecological risks were contributed by Zn and Mn, respectively. These findings are expected to provide useful information to decision-makers about environmental quality control strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121548
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
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    Evaluation of Mangrove Ecosystem Importance for Local Livelihoods in Different Landscapes: A Case Study of the Hau and Hoang Mai River Estuaries in Nghe An, North-Central Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-20), p. 3843-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-20), p. 3843-
    Abstract: Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in local livelihoods in coastal regions of tropical and subtropical countries. However, in recent years, urbanisation changed the income structure of residents near mangroves. Different landscapes provide different job opportunities; thus, analysis of regional landscape patterns is important for understanding income structures. In this study, surveys on the income structure and landscape patterns of the surrounding areas of three mangrove sites were conducted in the Hau and Hoang Mai River estuaries in Nghe An Province, North-Central Vietnam. The results reveal that both natural and socio-economic landscape components affected income structure. The major occupations in the study area were agriculture, including husbandry, sea fishing, and trading. Land morphology and river type were the major factors influencing the income from agriculture, while coastline morphology primarily affected income from sea fishing. Community-based trading was carried out in the study area; thus, the population inside each administrative unit was a significant factor increasing income, while the retail market size in an area had significant negative effects, potentially due to the increasing number of competitors. Our study aimed to evaluate mangrove ecosystem importance for local livelihoods in relation to landscape patterns, and the results contribute to urban planning based on the conservation and sustainable use of mangrove ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15043843
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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