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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring Spatial and Temporal PM2.5 Variations in Sacramento, California, Communities Using a Network of Low-Cost Sensors
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2019-10-29), p. 4701-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2019-10-29), p. 4701-
    Abstract: Low-cost sensors can provide insight on the spatio-temporal variability of air pollution, provided that sufficient efforts are made to ensure data quality. Here, 19 AirBeam particulate matter (PM) sensors were deployed from December 2016 to January 2017 to determine the spatial variability of PM2.5 in Sacramento, California. Prior to, and after, the study, the 19 sensors were deployed and collocated at a regulatory air monitoring site. The sensors demonstrated a high degree of precision during all collocated measurement periods (Pearson R2 = 0.98 − 0.99 across all sensors), with little drift. A sensor-specific correction factor was developed such that each sensor reported a comparable value. Sensors had a moderate degree of correlation with regulatory monitors during the study (R2 = 0.60 − 0.68 at two sites). In a multi-linear regression model, the deviation between sensor and reference measurements of PM2.5 had the highest correlation with dew point and relative humidity. Sensor measurements were used to estimate the PM2.5 spatial variability, finding an average pairwise coefficient of divergence of 0.22 and a range of 0.14 to 0.33, indicating mostly homogeneous distributions. No significant difference in the average sensor PM concentrations between environmental justice (EJ) and non-EJ communities (p value = 0.24) was observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19214701
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 2
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    P-Cadherin Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Migration and Mucosal Repair, but Is Dispensable for Colitis Associated Colon Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 1467-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 1467-
    Abstract: Recurrent chronic mucosal inflammation, a characteristic of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), perturbs the intestinal epithelial homeostasis resulting in formation of mucosal wounds and, in most severe cases, leads to colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). The altered structure of epithelial cell-cell adhesions is a hallmark of intestinal inflammation contributing to epithelial injury, repair, and tumorigenesis. P-cadherin is an important adhesion protein, poorly expressed in normal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) but upregulated in inflamed and injured mucosa. The goal of this study was to investigate the roles of P-cadherin in regulating intestinal inflammation and CAC. P-cadherin expression was markedly induced in the colonic epithelium of human IBD patients and CAC tissues. The roles of P-cadherin were investigated in P-cadherin null mice using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and an azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS induced CAC. Although P-cadherin knockout did not affect the severity of acute DSS colitis, P-cadherin null mice exhibited faster recovery after colitis. No significant differences in the number of colonic tumors were observed in P-cadherin null and control mice. Consistently, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of P-cadherin in human IEC accelerated epithelial wound healing without affecting cell proliferation. The accelerated migration of P-cadherin depleted IEC was driven by activation of Src kinases, Rac1 GTPase and myosin II motors and was accompanied by transcriptional reprogramming of the cells. Our findings highlight P-cadherin as a negative regulator of IEC motility in vitro and mucosal repair in vivo. In contrast, this protein is dispensable for IEC proliferation and CAC development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11091467
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    miR-18a Mediates Immune Evasion in ER-Positive Breast Cancer through Wnt Signaling
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-18), p. 1672-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-18), p. 1672-
    Abstract: ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer is considered immunologically ‘silent’ with fewer tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We have previously demonstrated the role of miR-18a in mediating invasion and poor prognosis in ER+ breast cancer by activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we explored the immune-modulatory functions of high levels of miR-18a in these tumors. A microarray-based gene expression analysis performed in miR-18a over-expressed ER+ breast cancer cell lines demonstrated dysregulation and suppression of immune-related pathways. Stratification of the ER+ tumor samples by miR-18a levels in the TCGA and METABRIC cohort and immune cell identification performed using CIBERSORT and Immune CellAI algorithms revealed a higher proportion of T-regulatory cells (p 〈 0.001) and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio (p 〈 0.01). miR-18a over-expressed MCF7 co-cultured with THP-1 showed decreased antigen presentation abilities and increased invasiveness and survival. They also promoted the differentiation of pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway in miR-18a over-expressed cells brought about the restoration of TAP-1, a protein critical for antigen presentation. Examination of tumor specimens from our case series showed that miR-18a high ER+ tumors had a dense lymphocyte infiltrate when compared to miR-18a low tumors but expressed a higher CD4/CD8 ratio and the M2 macrophage marker CD206, along with the invasive marker MMP9. We report for the first time an association between miR-18a-mediated Wnt signaling and stromal immune modulation in ER+ tumors. Our results highlight the possibility of formulating specific Wnt pathway inhibitors that may be used in combination with immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) for sensitizing ‘immune-cold’ ER+ tumors to immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11101672
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 4
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    Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Oxylipins from the Lipoxygenase Pathway in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Plasma at Delivery and Their Relationship with Infant Growth
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2022-01-09), p. 708-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2022-01-09), p. 708-
    Abstract: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids exert their effects is through their metabolism into oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving mediators. However, the influence of oxylipins on fetal growth is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify oxylipins present in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and investigate their relationship with infant growth. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma collected at the time of delivery. Spearman’s correlations highlighted significant correlations between metabolite levels and infant growth. They were then adjusted for maternal obesity (normal body mass index (BMI: ≤30 kg/m2) vs. obese BMI ( 〉 30 kg/m2) and smoking status (never vs. current/former smoker) using linear regression modeling. A p-value 〈 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Our study demonstrated a diverse panel of oxylipins from the lipoxygenase pathway present at the time of delivery. In addition, both omega-3 and omega-6 oxylipins demonstrated potential influences on the birth length and weight percentiles. The oxylipins present during pregnancy may influence fetal growth and development, suggesting potential metabolites to be used as biomarkers for infant outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020708
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Understanding the Patterns of Serological Testing for COVID-19 Pre- and Post-Vaccination Rollout in Michigan
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 19 ( 2021-09-24), p. 4341-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 19 ( 2021-09-24), p. 4341-
    Abstract: Testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is commonly used to determine prior COVID-19 infections and to gauge levels of infection- or vaccine-induced immunity. Michigan Medicine, a primary regional health center, provided an ideal setting to understand serologic testing patterns over time. Between 27 April 2020 and 3 May 2021, characteristics for 10,416 individuals presenting for SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests (10,932 tests in total) were collected. Relative to the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out date, 14 December 2020, the data were split into a pre- (8026 individuals) and post-vaccine launch (2587 individuals) period and contrasted with untested individuals to identify factors associated with tested individuals and seropositivity. Exploratory analysis of vaccine-mediated seropositivity was performed in 347 fully vaccinated individuals. Predictors of tested individuals included age, sex, smoking, neighborhood variables, and pre-existing conditions. Seropositivity in the pre-vaccine launch period was 9.2% and increased to 46.7% in the post-vaccine launch period. In the pre-vaccine launch period, seropositivity was significantly associated with age (10 year; OR = 0.80 (0.73, 0.89)), ever-smoker status (0.49 (0.35, 0.67)), respiratory disease (4.38 (3.13, 6.12)), circulatory disease (2.09 (1.48, 2.96)), liver disease (2.06 (1.11, 3.84)), non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (2.18 (1.33, 3.58)), and population density (1.10 (1.03, 1.18)). Except for the latter two, these associations remained statistically significant in the post-vaccine launch period. The positivity rate of fully vaccinated individual was 296/347(85.3% (81.0%, 88.8%)).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194341
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
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    A Novel Regimen for Treating Melanoma: MCL1 Inhibitors and Azacitidine
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2021-07-30), p. 749-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2021-07-30), p. 749-
    Abstract: Although treatment options for melanoma patients have expanded in recent years with the approval of immunotherapy and targeted therapy, there is still an unmet need for new treatment options for patients that are ineligible for, or resistant to these therapies. BH3 mimetics, drugs that mimic the activity of pro-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins, have recently achieved remarkable success in the clinical setting. The combination of BH3 mimetic ABT-199 (venetoclax) plus azacitidine has shown substantial benefit in treating acute myelogenous leukemia. We evaluated the efficacy of various combinations of BH3 mimetic + azacitidine in fourteen human melanoma cell lines from cutaneous, mucosal, acral and uveal subtypes. Using a combination of cell viability assay, BCL2 family knockdown cell lines, live cell imaging, and sphere formation assay, we found that combining inhibition of MCL1, an anti-apoptotic BCL2 protein, with azacitidine had substantial pro-apoptotic effects in multiple melanoma cell lines. Specifically, this combination reduced cell viability, proliferation, sphere formation, and induced apoptosis. In addition, this combination is highly effective at reducing cell viability in rare mucosal and uveal subtypes. Overall, our data suggest this combination as a promising therapeutic option for some patients with melanoma and should be further explored in clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph14080749
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    Lasting Changes to Circulating Leukocytes in People with Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Viruses Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-08), p. 2239-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-08), p. 2239-
    Abstract: Survivors of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections frequently suffer from a range of post-infection sequelae. Whether survivors of mild or asymptomatic infections can expect any long-term health consequences is not yet known. Herein we investigated lasting changes to soluble inflammatory factors and cellular immune phenotype and function in individuals who had recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infections (n = 22), compared to those that had recovered from other mild respiratory infections (n = 11). Individuals who had experienced mild SARS-CoV-2 infections had elevated levels of C-reactive protein 1–3 months after symptom onset, and changes in phenotype and function of circulating T-cells that were not apparent in individuals 6–9 months post-symptom onset. Markers of monocyte activation, and expression of adherence and chemokine receptors indicative of altered migratory capacity, were also higher at 1–3 months post-infection in individuals who had mild SARS-CoV-2, but these were no longer elevated by 6–9 months post-infection. Perhaps most surprisingly, significantly more T-cells could be activated by polyclonal stimulation in individuals who had recently experienced a mild SARS-CoV-2, infection compared to individuals with other recent respiratory infections. These data are indicative of prolonged immune activation and systemic inflammation that persists for at least three months after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v13112239
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 8
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    Hydrogen Peroxide Supplementation in Irrigation Water Alleviates Drought Stress and Boosts Growth and Productivity of Potato Plants
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-01-17), p. 899-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-01-17), p. 899-
    Abstract: The present investigations aim to decipher the beneficial role of hydrogen peroxide-supplemented irrigation in imparting drought tolerance and promotion plant growth and yield of potato plants grown under two different irrigation regimes. Hydrogen peroxide injection (oxygenation) was applied at 0, 300, and 600 ppm through subsurface irrigation regimes on potato performance grown in heavy clay soil. The results indicated that oxygenation of irrigation water boosted the plant′s vegetative growth and productivity, especially at 600 ppm hydrogen peroxide coupled with deficit irrigation. Root respiration, leaf biomass, chlorophyll content, and leaf osmotic status was observed to be improved in the presence of oxygenated irrigation. A similar trend was recorded on macro-elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium content), proline, and soluble carbohydrates content of leaf along with catalase enzyme activity. Individual tuber weight, tuber number and tuber yield per plant and hectare recorded higher values as responding to oxygenated irrigation (300 and 600 ppm) of water within the optimum irrigation level. While the highest value of water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained by pairing deficit irrigation with 600 ppm oxygenated water. Thus, the present work provides new insights into the importance of oxygenated irrigation in obtaining optimum yield and field performance in potato plants subjected to deficit irrigation in clayey-loamy soils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13020899
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 9
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    Recent Advances in Theoretical Development of Thermal Atomic Layer Deposition: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-03-01), p. 831-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-03-01), p. 831-
    Abstract: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a vapor-phase deposition technique that has attracted increasing attention from both experimentalists and theoreticians in the last few decades. ALD is well-known to produce conformal, uniform, and pinhole-free thin films across the surface of substrates. Due to these advantages, ALD has found many engineering and biomedical applications. However, drawbacks of ALD should be considered. For example, the reaction mechanisms cannot be thoroughly understood through experiments. Moreover, ALD conditions such as materials, pulse and purge durations, and temperature should be optimized for every experiment. It is practically impossible to perform many experiments to find materials and deposition conditions that achieve a thin film with desired applications. Additionally, only existing materials can be tested experimentally, which are often expensive and hazardous, and their use should be minimized. To overcome ALD limitations, theoretical methods are beneficial and essential complements to experimental data. Recently, theoretical approaches have been reported to model, predict, and optimize different ALD aspects, such as materials, mechanisms, and deposition characteristics. Those methods can be validated using a different theoretical approach or a few knowledge-based experiments. This review focuses on recent computational advances in thermal ALD and discusses how theoretical methods can make experiments more efficient.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12050831
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 10
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    Quality Related Safety Evaluation of a South African Traditional Formulation (PHELA®) as Novel Anti-Biofilm Candidate
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2022-02-11), p. 1219-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2022-02-11), p. 1219-
    Abstract: A South African traditional formulation, PHELA®, is consumed by the traditional people for severe chest problems with coughing, diarrhea, oral ulcers etc. The present study focused on establishing the anti-infective properties of a safe and standardized poly-herbal formulation through a series of criteria and specifications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041219
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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