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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Nrf2-Mediated Pathway Activated by Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae) Fruit Extract: Bioinformatics Analyses and Experimental Validation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-04-28), p. 2132-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-04-28), p. 2132-
    Abstract: In our previous studies, Prunus spinosa fruit (PSF) ethanol extract was showed to exert antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities. In the present study, an integrated bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental validation was carried out to investigate the biological mechanism(s) that are responsible for the reported PSF beneficial effects as an antioxidant during a pro-inflammatory TLR4 insult. Bioinformatics analysis using miRNet 2.0 was carried out to address which biological process(es) the extract could be involved in. In addition, Chemprop was employed to identify the key targets of nuclear receptor (NR) signaling and stress response (SR) pathways potentially modulated. The miRNet analysis suggested that the PSF extract mostly activates the biological process of cellular senescence. The Chemprop analysis predicted three possible targets for nine phytochemicals found in the extract: (i) ARE signaling, (ii) mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and (iii) p53 SR pathways. The PSF extract antioxidant effect was also experimentally validated in vitro using the human monocyte U937 cell line. Our findings showed that Nrf2 is modulated by the extract with a consequent reduction of the oxidative stress level. This was confirmed by a strong decrease in the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in the PSF-treated cells subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (6 h treatment, 1 µg/mL). No visible effects were observed on p53 and MMP modulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15092132
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
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    The Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Infection Caused by Intracellular, Fungal Pathogens and Mycobacteria: A Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-05-02), p. 1612-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-05-02), p. 1612-
    Abstract: Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a widely available technique allowing rapid bedside detection of different respiratory disorders. Its reliability in the diagnosis of community-acquired lung infection has been confirmed. However, its usefulness in identifying infections caused by specific and less common pathogens (e.g., in immunocompromised patients) is still uncertain. Methods: This systematic review aimed to explore the most common LUS patterns in infections caused by intracellular, fungal pathogens or mycobacteria. Results: We included 17 studies, reporting a total of 274 patients with M. pneumoniae, 30 with fungal infection and 213 with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Most of the studies on M. pneumoniae in children found a specific LUS pattern, mainly consolidated areas associated with diffuse B lines. The typical LUS pattern in TB consisted of consolidation and small subpleural nodes. Only one study on fungal disease reported LUS specific patterns (e.g., indicating “halo sign” or “reverse halo sign”). Conclusions: Considering the preliminary data, LUS appears to be a promising point-of-care tool, showing patterns of atypical pneumonia and TB which seem different from patterns characterizing common bacterial infection. The role of LUS in the diagnosis of fungal disease is still at an early stage of exploration. Large trials to investigate sonography in these lung infections are granted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091612
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 3
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    New Instrumented Trolleys and A Procedure for Automatic 3D Optical Inspection of Railways
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2020-05-21), p. 2927-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2020-05-21), p. 2927-
    Abstract: This paper focuses on new instrumented trolleys, allowing automated 3D inspection of railway infrastructures, using optical scanning principles and devices for defects and damage evaluation. Inspection of rolling components is crucial for wear evaluation and to schedule maintenance interventions to assure safety. Currently, inspection trolleys are mainly instrumented with 2D contact or optical sensors. The application of 3D non-contact digitizers proposed in this paper allows for a quick and more complete monitoring of the health conditions of railways, also in combination with a proper procedure for automatic 3D inspection. The results of the experimental tests using 3D portable optical scanners on railways are compared with results obtained by a trolley instrumented with 2D contact sensors. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the trolleys mounting 3D handheld optical digitizers with proper automated software inspection procedures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20102927
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
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    Environmental Contamination and Hygienic Measures After Feline Calicivirus Field Strain Infections of Cats in a Research Facility
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Viruses Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-10-17), p. 958-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-10-17), p. 958-
    Abstract: Feline calicivirus (FCV) can cause painful oral ulcerations, salivation, gingivitis/stomatitis, fever and depression in infected cats; highly virulent virus variants can lead to fatal epizootic outbreaks. Viral transmission occurs directly or indirectly via fomites. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and viability of FCV in the environment after sequential oronasal infections of specified pathogen-free cats with two FCV field strains in a research facility. Replicating virus was detected in saliva swabs from all ten cats after the first and in four out of ten cats after the second FCV exposure using virus isolation to identify FCV shedders. In the environment, where cleaning, but no disinfection took place, FCV viral RNA was detectable using RT-qPCR on all tested items and surfaces, including cat hair. However, only very limited evidence was found of replicating virus using virus isolation. Viral RNA remained demonstrable for at least 28 days after shedding had ceased in all cats. Disinfection with 5% sodium bicarbonate (and IncidinTM Plus) and barrier measures were effective in that no viral RNA was detectable outside the cat rooms. Our findings are important for any multicat environment to optimize hygienic measures against FCV infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v11100958
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
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    Genomic Analysis Made It Possible to Identify Gene-Driver Alterations Covering the Time Window between Diagnosis of Neuroblastoma 4S and the Progression to Stage 4
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-10), p. 6513-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-10), p. 6513-
    Abstract: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor of the developing sympathetic nervous system. Despite recent advances in understanding the complexity of NB, the mechanisms that determine its regression or progression are still largely unknown. Stage 4S NB is characterized by a favorable course of disease and often by spontaneous regression, while progression to true stage 4 is a very rare event. Here, we focused on genomic analysis of an NB case that progressed from stage 4S to stage 4 with a very poor outcome. Array-comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) on tumor-tissue DNA, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) on exosomes DNA derived from plasma collected at the onset and at the tumor progression, pointed out relevant genetic changes that can explain this clinical worsening. The combination of a-CGH and WES data allowed for the identification iof somatic copy number aberrations and single-nucleotide variants in genes known to be responsible for aggressive NB. KLRB1, MAPK3 and FANCA genes, which were lost at the time of progression, were studied for their possible role in this event by analyzing in silico the impact of their expression on the outcome of 786 NB patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126513
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Modelling and Experimental Study of Power Losses in Toothed Wheels
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2023-06-13), p. 5541-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2023-06-13), p. 5541-
    Abstract: In recent decades, the request for more efficient performances in the aeronautical sector moved researchers to pay particular attention to all the related mechanisms and systems, especially with respect to the saving of power. In this context, the bearing modeling and design, as well as gear coupling, play a fundamental role. Moreover, the need for low power losses also concerns the study and the implementation of advanced lubrication systems, especially for high peripheral speed. With the previous aims, this paper presents a new validated model for toothed gears, added to a bearing model; with the link of these different submodels, the whole model describes the system’s dynamic behavior, taking into account the different kinds of power losses (windage losses, fluid dynamic losses, etc.) generated by the mechanical system parts (especially rolling bearings and gears). As the bearing model, the proposed model is characterized by high numerical efficiency and allows the investigation of different rolling bearings and gears with different lubrication conditions and frictions. A comparison between the experimental and simulated results is also presented in this paper. The analysis of the results is encouraging and shows a good agreement between experiments and model simulations, with particular attention to the power losses in the bearing and gears.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23125541
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 7
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    Different Inspiratory Flow Waveform during Volume-Controlled Ventilation in ARDS Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2021-10-17), p. 4756-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2021-10-17), p. 4756-
    Abstract: The most used types of mechanical ventilation are volume- and pressure-controlled ventilation, respectively characterized by a square and a decelerating flow waveform. Nowadays, the clinical utility of different inspiratory flow waveforms remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of four different inspiratory flow waveforms in ARDS patients. Twenty-eight ARDS patients (PaO2/FiO2 182 ± 40 and PEEP 11.3 ± 2.5 cmH2O) were ventilated in volume-controlled ventilation with four inspiratory flow waveforms: square (SQ), decelerating (DE), sinusoidal (SIN), and trunk descending (TDE). After 30 min in each condition, partitioned respiratory mechanics and gas exchange were collected. The inspiratory peak flow was higher in the DE waveform compared to the other three waveforms, and in SIN compared to the SQ and TDE waveforms, respectively. The mean inspiratory flow was higher in the DE and SIN waveforms compared with TDE and SQ. The inspiratory peak pressure was higher in the SIN and SQ compared to the TDE waveform. Partitioned elastance was similar in the four groups; mechanical power was lower in the TDE waveform, while PaCO2 in DE. No major effect on oxygenation was found. The explored flow waveforms did not provide relevant changes in oxygenation and respiratory mechanics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204756
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
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    Diencephalic Syndrome: Misleading Clinical Onset of Low-Grade Glioma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Current Oncology Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2023-09-13), p. 8401-8410
    Details
    In: Current Oncology, MDPI AG, Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2023-09-13), p. 8401-8410
    Abstract: Background: Diencephalic Syndrome is an atypical early manifestation of low-grade gliomas; so, it is important to detect it in patients that experience a failure to thrive despite adequate length growth and food intake. The purpose of this article is to focus attention on this rare but potentially dangerous cause of poor weight gain or stunting in childhood. Materials and Methods: We describe four patients with Diencephalic Syndrome and low-grade gliomas who were evaluated in our institution from January 2017 to December 2021. Case Description and Results: two patients presented with suspected malabsorption, and two presented with a suspected eating disorder. In all cases, neurological symptoms appeared late, explaining the reason for the diagnostic delay, which impacts negatively on prognosis and on quality of life. Currently, patients 1 and 2 have stable disease in second-line therapy, patient 3 has stable disease post end of second-line therapy, and patient 4 has stable disease in first-line therapy. Everyone is in psychophysical rehabilitation. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary evaluation is essential in order to make an early diagnosis and improve prognosis and quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1718-7729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30090610
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2270777-3
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  • 9
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    Clinical Follow-Up and Postmortem Findings in a Cat That Was Cured of Feline Infectious Peritonitis with an Oral Antiviral Drug Containing GS-441524
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-09-14), p. 2040-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-09-14), p. 2040-
    Abstract: This is the first report on a clinical follow-up and postmortem examination of a cat that had been cured of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) with ocular manifestation by successful treatment with an oral multicomponent drug containing GS-441524. The cat was 6 months old when clinical signs (recurrent fever, lethargy, lack of appetite, and fulminant anterior uveitis) appeared. FIP was diagnosed by ocular tissue immunohistochemistry after enucleation of the affected eye. The cat was a participant in a FIP treatment study, which was published recently. However, 240 days after leaving the clinic healthy, and 164 days after the end of the 84 days of treatment, the cured cat died in a road traffic accident. Upon full postmortem examination, including histopathology and immunohistochemistry, there were no residual FIP lesions observed apart from a generalized lymphadenopathy due to massive lymphoid hyperplasia. Neither feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA nor FCoV antigen were identified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in any tissues or body fluids, including feces. These results prove that oral treatment with GS-441524 leads to the cure of FIP-associated changes and the elimination of FCoV from all tissues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14092040
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 10
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    Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Elicits Cellular Immunity against a Current Feline Calicivirus Field Strain in an Experimental Feline Challenge Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Viruses Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-08-31), p. 1736-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-08-31), p. 1736-
    Abstract: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cat virus associated with oral ulcerations and virulent-systemic disease. Efficacious FCV vaccines protect against severe disease but not against infection. The high genetic diversity of FCV poses a challenge in vaccine design. Protection against FCV has been related to humoral and cellular immunity; the latter has not been studied in detail. This study investigates the cellular and humoral immune response of specified pathogen-free (SPF) cats after modified-live FCV F9 vaccinations and two heterologous FCV challenges by the analysis of lymphocyte subsets, cytokine mRNA transcription levels, interferon (IFN)-γ release assays in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), anti-FCV antibodies, and neutralisation activity. Vaccinated cats developed a Th1 cytokine response after vaccination. Vaccination resulted in antibodies with neutralising activity against the vaccine but not the challenge viruses. Remarkably, IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs were detected in vaccinated cats upon stimulation with the vaccine strain and the first heterologous FCV challenge strain. After the first experimental infection, the mRNA transcription levels of perforin, granzyme B, INF-γ, and antiviral factor MX1 and the number of IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs when stimulated with the first challenge virus were higher in vaccinated cats compared to control cats. The first FCV challenge induced crossneutralising antibodies in all cats against the second challenge virus. Before the second challenge, vaccinated cats had a higher number of IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs when stimulated with the second challenge virus than control cats. After the second FCV challenge, there were less significant differences detected between the groups regarding lymphocyte subsets and cytokine mRNA transcription levels. In conclusion, modified-live FCV vaccination induced cellular but not humoral crossimmunity in SPF cats; innate immune mechanisms, secretory and membranolytic pathways, and IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs seem to be important in the host immune defence against FCV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v13091736
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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