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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indicator-Based Methodology for Assessing EV Charging Infrastructure Using Exploratory Data Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Energies Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2018-07-18), p. 1869-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2018-07-18), p. 1869-
    Abstract: Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure rollout is well under way in several power systems, namely North America, Japan, Europe, and China. In order to support EV charging infrastructures design and operation, little attempt has been made to develop indicator-based methods characterising such networks across different regions. This study defines an assessment methodology, composed by eight indicators, allowing a comparison among EV public charging infrastructures. The proposed indicators capture the following: energy demand from EVs, energy use intensity, charger’s intensity distribution, the use time ratios, energy use ratios, the nearest neighbour distance between chargers and availability, the total service ratio, and the carbon intensity as an environmental impact indicator. We apply the methodology to a dataset from ElaadNL, a reference smart charging provider in The Netherlands, using open source geographic information system (GIS) and R software. The dataset reveals higher energy intensity in six urban areas and that 50% of energy supplied comes from 19.6% of chargers. Correlations of spatial density are strong and nearest neighbouring distances range from 1101 to 9462 m. Use time and energy use ratios are 11.21% and 3.56%. The average carbon intensity is 4.44 gCO2eq/MJ. Finally, the indicators are used to assess the impact of relevant public policies on the EV charging infrastructure use and roll-out.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en11071869
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Technical Issues in a Pilot Multicenter Newborn Screening Program for Sickle Cell Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Neonatal Screening Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2018-12-21), p. 2-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Neonatal Screening, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2018-12-21), p. 2-
    Abstract: A multicenter pilot program for universal newborn screening of Sickle cell disease (SCD) was conducted in two centres of Northern Italy (Padova and Monza). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was performed as the first test on samples collected on Guthrie cards and molecular analysis of the β-globin gene (HBB) was the confirmatory test performed on the HPLC-positive or indeterminate samples. 5466 samples of newborns were evaluated. Of these, 5439/5466 were submitted to HPLC analysis and the molecular analysis always confirmed in all the alteration detected in HPLC (62/5439 newborns); 4/5439 (0.07%) were SCD affected, 37/5439 (0.68%) were HbAS carriers and 21/5439 (0.40%) showed other hemoglobinopathies. Stored dried blood spots were adequate for HPLC and β-globin gene molecular analysis. Samples were suitable for analysis until sixteen months old. A cut-off of A1 percentage, in order to avoid false negative or unnecessary confirmation tests, was identified. Our experience showed that several technical issues need to be addressed and resolved while developing a multicenter NBS program for SCD in a country where there is no national neonatal screening (NBS) program for SCD and NBS programs occur on a regional basis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2409-515X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijns5010002
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2840820-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Non-Linear Analysis of R.C. and P.R.C. Girder Bridges
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Designs Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2023-08-17), p. 102-
    Details
    In: Designs, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2023-08-17), p. 102-
    Abstract: In professional practice, the design and verification of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Prestressed Reinforced Concrete (PRC) structures are performed using a simplified calculation provided by the Eurocodes that limits resistance but that also includes a certain level of structural safety. Some aspects that directly affect the simplified methods involve the use of linear constitutive laws of materials. The use of non-linear laws is evident in the exploitation of reservoirs of strength and deformations of plastic materials in the Ultimate Limit State. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the increase in resistance to bending actions during the plasticization of the beam of existing bridges to support the decision-making process of the engineer in the assessment of existing structures. To achieve this, two codes (MEG Ductility, MEG Fiber Sections) were developed to provide the moment–curvature diagram of RC and PRC sections using non-linear bonds, and in this paper, the study of RC sections is reported. Furthermore, through a push-down analysis, two RC and PRC viaducts have been analyzed using the moment–curvature characteristics obtained from the realized codes and by varying the non-linear constitutive bonds. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the behavior of RC structures under bending actions and demonstrate the importance of considering non-linear material laws for accurate structural assessments. The findings contribute to the enhancement of the decision-making process of engineers when dealing with existing infrastructures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2411-9660
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/designs7040102
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2912711-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Algorithm-Aided Design for Composite Bridges
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Buildings Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-03-26), p. 865-
    Details
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-03-26), p. 865-
    Abstract: Bridges are geometrically complex infrastructures, and their designs usually exhibit significant geometric variations between different structural solutions. The modelling complexity implies a low degree of model reuse in comparable projects; moreover, with the development of new technologies and design ways, the AEC industry often requires computational cost reduction, less time for model developments and analysis, and little-to-zero material waste in the face of the environmental emergency. The present document proposes a generative approach to enhance the bridge design process, increasing efficiency by reducing computational costs and modelling efforts, tackling the aforementioned objectives. The following methodology relies on a workflow to create flexible geometric models, introducing parameters and numerical relationships between all the design variables. Therefore, from a generative development, different geometric solutions of a bridge’s family are created by modifying the parameter settings within the same model. Then, the present work aims to define a modelling and analysis strategy for a multi-girder composite bridge project based on parametric development, structural analysis, and optimization. The results integrate building information modeling (BIM) to explore and create high-potential designs with complex geometries and find cost-effective solutions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/buildings13040865
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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